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Juntarajumnong, Waraporn,Eaton-Rye, Julian J.,Incharoensakdi, Aran Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.5
The two-component signal transduction, which typically consists of a histidine kinase and a response regulator, is used by bacterial cells to sense changes in their environment. Previously, the SphS-SphR histidine kinase and response regulator pair of phosphate sensing signal transduction has been identified in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In addition, some response regulators in bacteria have been shown to be cross regulated by low molecular weight phosphorylated compounds in the absence of the cognate histidine kinase. The ability of an endogenous acetyl phosphate to phosphorylate the response regulator, SphR in the absence of the cognate histidine kinase, SphS was therefore tested in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The mutant lacking functional SphS and acetate kinase showed no detectable alkaline phosphatase activity under phosphate-limiting growth conditions. The results suggested that the endogenous acetyl phosphate accumulated inside the mutants could not activate the SphR via phosphorylation. On the other hand, exogenous acetyl phosphate could allow the mutant lacking functional acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase to grow under phosphate-limiting conditions suggesting the role of acetyl phosphate as an energy source. Reverse transcription PCR demonstrated that the transcripts of acetate kinase and phospho-transacetylase genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is up-regulated in response to phosphate limitation suggesting the importance of these two enzymes for energy metabolism in Synechocystis cells
이주현,윤용진,John K. Eaton,Kenneth E. Goodson,배성재 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
Oxide and CNT nanoparticles were prepared and characterized to understand the effect of disaggregation on the thermal conductivityand viscosity of nanofluids through experimental and theoretical analysis. The oxide nanofluids contained spherical oxidenanoparticles, including Al2O3, CuO, and ZnO, and the CNT nanofluids contained multiwalled carbon nanotubes in deionized water. Aggregations of numerous oxide nanoparticles were observed from Dynamic Light Scattering and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Ultrasonication and centrifugation were made to mechanically separate the agglomerated nanoparticles. Nanoparticle size decreasedby 15% with one hour sonication for oxide nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 10~100 nm and centrifugation disaggregationmethods showed 36% and 40% reduction in size for the Al2O3/DI water and the CuO/DI water nanofluid, respectively. A chemicalbased disaggregation method for the oxide nanoparticles using surfactants and changing the pH were performed. A significant sizereduction was achieved with a pH value of 4.2. The effects of agglomeration on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluidswere examined based on the three-level homogenization model. The use of hydrodynamic particle nanofluid shows an effective thermalconductivity and viscosity, when the aspect ratio of the particle aggregation is below 4.1 and 2.5 for CuO/water and Al2O3/waternanofluid, respectively.
Lee, Joohyun,Yoon, Yong-Jin,Eaton, John K.,Goodson, Kenneth E.,Bai, Seoung Jai 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.15 No.4
Oxide and CNT nanoparticles were prepared and characterized to understand the effect of disaggregation on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids through experimental and theoretical analysis. The oxide nanofluids contained spherical oxide nanoparticles, including $Al_2O_3$, CuO, and ZnO, and the CNT nanofluids contained multiwalled carbon nanotubes in deionized water. Aggregations of numerous oxide nanoparticles were observed from Dynamic Light Scattering and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Ultrasonication and centrifugation were made to mechanically separate the agglomerated nanoparticles. Nanoparticle size decreased by 15% with one hour sonication for oxide nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 10~100 nm and centrifugation disaggregation methods showed 36% and 40% reduction in size for the $Al_2O_3$/DI water and the CuO/DI water nanofluid, respectively. A chemical based disaggregation method for the oxide nanoparticles using surfactants and changing the pH were performed. A significant size reduction was achieved with a pH value of 4.2. The effects of agglomeration on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids were examined based on the three-level homogenization model. The use of hydrodynamic particle nanofluid shows an effective thermal conductivity and viscosity, when the aspect ratio of the particle aggregation is below 4.1 and 2.5 for CuO/water and $Al_2O_3$/water nanofluid, respectively.
Interface friction in the service load assessment of slab-on-girder bridge beams
R. Seracino,S. E. Kerby-Eaton,D. J. Oehlers 국제구조공학회 2005 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.5 No.4
Many slab-on-girder bridges around the world are being assessed because they are approaching the end of their anticipated design lives or codes are permitting higher allowable loads. Current analytical techniques assume that the concrete and steel components act independently, typically requiring full-scale load testing to more accurately predict the remaining strength or endurance of the structure. However, many of the load tests carried out on these types of bridges would be unnecessary if the degree of interaction resulting from friction at the steel-concrete interface could be adequately modeled. Experimental testing confirmed that interface friction has a negligible effect on the flexural capacity of a slab-on-girder beam however, it also showed that interface friction is significant under serviceability loading. This has led to the development of an improved analytical technique which is presented in this paper and referred to as the slab-on-girder mixed analysis service load assessment approach.