기존의 치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이 대장암 환자에서 방사선조사와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료의 1, 2상 임상시험

최영민(Youngmin Choi),이형식(Hyung-Sik Lee),권혁찬(Hyuk-Chan Kwon),한상영(Sang-Young Han),최종철(Jong-Cheol Choi),정주섭(Ju-Seop Chung),김창원(Chang-Won Kim),김동원(Dong-Won Kim),강치덕(Chi-Duk Kang) 대한방사선종양학회 2008 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.26 No.2

목 적: 기존치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이를 동반한 대장암 환자에서 방사선치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역 치료의 독성과 반응도를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 5월부터 2006년 11월까지 다발성 간전이가 동반된 대장암 환자들 중에서 항암화학 요법에 반응하지 않은 환자 중 지원자를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 본 임상 시험에 대하여 동아대학교병원과 부산대학교병원의 임상윤리심의위원회의 허가를 획득하였고, 동의서에 서명한 환자들을 임상 시험의 대상으로 등록하였다. 환자의 말초 혈액으로부터 수지상세포를 추출하여 배양하였다. 임상시험 일자에 맞추어서 6×106개의 수지상세포를 바이알(0.5 ml)에 넣어서 디씨백/아이알 주사를 만들었다. 수지상세포 면역치료는 2주 간격으로 간전이암조직에 3회 주사하고, 5주에 내약성 평가를 하였다. 내약성 평가를 통과한 환자에게는 8주에 4번째 수지상세포 면 역치료를 하였다. 병의 악화가 없거나 임상시험에 대한 환자의 동의 철회가 없는 경우에는 5, 6번째 수지상세포면역치료를 각각 12, 16주에 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 수지상세포 면역치료를 주사할 간전이암 부위에 주사하기 전일 및 당일에 4 Gy씩을 조사하였다. 내약성 평가는 3×106개의 수지상세포로부터 시작하여, 12×106개의 수지상세포까지 시행하였다. 내약성 평가의 최대 내성 용량으로 추가 임상시험을 하였다. 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 맞은 모든 환자들에서 안전성 평가를 하였다. 4회 이상 주사를 맞은 환자들을 대상으로 10주에 치료 반응을 평가하여 유효성을 조사하였다. 결 과: 임상시험에 등록한 24명 중 22명에서 수지상세포 면역치료를 시행하였다. 내성약 평가에는 14명이 등록하여 11명에서 평가를 완료하였다. 시험약과의 관련성이 있을 것으로 생각되는 grade 3 이상의 약물반응으로 인한 이상반응은 없었다. 12×106개의 수지상세포를 내성용량으로 확인하였고, 내성용량인 12×106개 수지상세포 면역치료를 이용하여 8명에서 추가로 시험을 하였다. 치료에 대한 환자들의 내성은 양호하였고, grade 3을 초과하는 치명적인 부작용은 발생되지 않았다. 4회 이상의 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 받은 환자가 17명이었고, 이 중의15명에서는 종양의 반응도 평가가 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 목적은 안전성 평가이지만, 면역치료의 유효성 평가를 위해, 방사선치료와 수지상세포 면역치료 주사가 시행된 부위 외의 간전이암에서 반응도를 조사 하였다. 면역치료의 반응은 평가가 이루어진 환자들에서 정지성 병변이 4명, 진행성 병변이 11명 이었다. 결 론: 수지상세포 면역치료와 병행한 방사선치료는 이론적으로 국소 및 전신 제어에 상승효과가 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 하지만 기존 치료에 반응하지 않는 매우 진행된 직장암 환자들을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서는 방사선 치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료로 인한 심각한 부작용의 발생은 없었다는 결과와 4예에서의 정지성 병변의 관찰을 보고한다. 수지상세포의 최대 투여 용량, 적절한 투여 방법, 적절한 방사선의 양, 방사선과 수지상 세포의적절한 투여 간격 등에 관한 추가 연구를 통하여, 향후 제 2상, 3상 시험으로서의 진행 여부에 긍정적인 결과를얻을 수 있다고 판단한다. Purpose: To assess the toxicity and tumor response induced by DCVac/IRⓇ dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy combined with irradiation for refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Between May 2004 and November 2006, applicants from a pool of refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases were enrolled. The patients were registered after having signed the informed consent form, which had been approved by the Institutional Review Board from the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. DCs were obtained from peripheral blood of each patient, and then cultured in vitro. A total of 6×106 DCs were packed into a vial (DCVac/IRⓇ, 0.5 ml) at the convenience of each patient’s schedule. On the day before and on the day of each vaccination, each patient received a 4 Gy radiation dose to the target tumor. On the day of vaccination, the indicated dose of autologous DCs was injected into the irradiated tumor using ultrasound-guided needle injection procedures. A total of four vaccinations were scheduled at three 2-week intervals and one 4 week interval at the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. If the tumor status was deemed to be stable or responding to therapy, an additional vaccination dose or two was approved at 4 week intervals beyond the fourth immunization. A tolerance test for DCs was conducted by injecting a range of doses (3×106 to 12×106 DCs) after the 3rd injection. Moreover, the maximal tolerable dose was applied to additional patients. Treatment safety was evaluated in all patients who had at least one injection. Treatment feasibility was evaluated by the 10th week by assessing the response of patients having at least 4 injections. For systemic toxicities, the evaluation was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, whereas adverse effects were recorded using common WHO toxicity criteria. Results: Of the 24 registered patients, 22 received the DCs injections. Moreover, of the 14 patients that applied for the tolerance test, only 11 patients completed it because 3 patients withdrew their testing agreement. A grade 3 or more side effect, which was possibly related to the DC injection, did not occur in additional patients. The 12×106 DC injection was identified as the maximum tolerable dose, and was then injected in an additional 8 patients. Patients tolerated the injection fairly well, with no fatal side effects. In order to assess the feasibility of DC immunotherapy, the response was evaluated in other hepatic lesions outside of the targeted hepatic lesion. The response evaluation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients who received at least 4 injections. Stable and progressive disease was found in 4 and 11 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The DC-based immunotherapy and radiotherapy is theoretically synergistic for the local control and systemic control. The DCVac/IRⓇ immunotherapy combined with irradiation was tolerable and safe in the evaluated cases of refractory colorectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Future work should include well designed a phase II clinical trials

AN-셀룰로오즈계 그라프트 공중합체의 물성연구

이동호,설수덕 東亞大學校 1999 東亞論叢 Vol.36 No.-

A study of influence of medium on grafting of Acrylonitrile onto partially α-cellulose, the experiment was carried out in water/solvent mixtures, the solvent used methanol, ethanol, propanol, grafting was carried out in a different of solvent ratio, using a temperature of 45℃ and the reaction time of six hours, in the many figure and table, it is clear that regardless of water/solvent system employed, a substantial amount of grafting is obtained, a regular decrease also occurse with increase in teh solvent ratio in the water/solvent mixture, decrease in the graft yield, which results from an increase in the ratio of solvent in the water/solvent mixture, could be interpretied in terms of the adverse effect of the solvent on the swelling properties of α-cellulose in water, the data suggest that the relative grafting properties follow the order: propanol>ethanol>methanol. At the same condition, graft copolymers which have 10~46% PAN were synthesized. But PAN not grafted, included in samples was not seperated by using solvents, and it was increased yield of PAN. When PAN grafted different based materials, the yield of PAN(%) follow the order-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)> Filter paper>α-cellulose.

복부 대동맥 가성동맥류를 동반한 Behcet 씨 병 : 증례 보고

김동익,이병붕,조진현,이순정,도영수,김덕경 대한혈관외과학회 1999 Vascular Specialist International Vol.15 No.1

Behcet's disease is a multisystem disorder presenting with recurrent oral and genital ulcerations as well as ocular involvement. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain obscure; it is considered an autoimmune disease since vasculitis is the main pathologic lesion and circulating autoantibodies to human oral mucous membrane are found in approximately 50 percent of the cases. Vascular lesions with Behcet's disease may include deep venous thrombosis, superficial thrombophlebitis, arterial obstruction, or arterial aneurysms. Although arterial aneurysmal lesions are uncommon in patients with Behcet's disease, they may pose serious, life-threatening therapeutic problems due to the risk of rupture. Here, we report a case of Behcet' s disease, involving abdominal aorta with review of literature.

學業評價 方法上의 問題點 및 改善方案

韓德雄,-- 성균관대학교 학생생활연구소 1975 學生指導硏究 Vol.2 No.1

In spite of the importance of the scholastic evaluation as the feedback effects for the student's motivation to study (e.g., reinforcing or punishing power of the evaluation to the performance of the students and the evaluation of the teaching techniques of the professors) the evaluation tendency remained without proper test. In this research we attempted to analyze the tendency of the scholastic evaluation by SKK professors and to construct a normative model for the evaluation. Main results were as follow: (1) The distribution of the evaluation results showed lepto-krutic tendency. (2) There were individual differences in the absolute criteria of the evaluation among the professors. This result strongly suggested that the relatively normative and standardized evaluation techniques are useful. (3) As the grade up, the mean of the performance were heightened. (4) There were mean differences between the colleges. The means of the college of economics and commerce, and the college of home economics were higher than those of the college of pharmacology, and the college of natural sciences and engineering. (5) Through the analysis of the evaluation, we developed a normative evaluation model in which the statistical normal distribution curve was adopted (about 10% for grade A, 30 for B, 30 for C, 20 for D, and 10 for F or below).

5大江 水系流域의 水文量 變動推移

孫東燮,徐承德 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 慶北大農學誌 Vol.17 No.-

Trend of some hydrologic features such as precipitation, runoff and reservoir storage rates in the five great river systems of Han, Nakdong, Keum, Yeongsan and Seomjin river watershed areas were surveyed and analysed. The sample period of Sept. 1994 to Aug. 1998 (four years) was chracterized by unusual climatic features such as El Nino, La Nina and areal terrible storms. And also average values of rainfall and runoff of the priod of 1961 to 1990 (30 years) were surveyed and analysed compared with the sample preiod events for the same river systems. In case of the monthly mean rainfall of the sample period (Sep. 1994 to Aug. 1998 : 48 months)in the five great river systems, 20 months, 19 months, 20 months, 21 months and 18 months in the Han, Nakdong, Keum, Yeongsan and Seomjin river system respectively were higher than monthly average rainfall records of the 30 year records. For the monthly funoff in the same river systems, 7 months, 9 months, 7 months, 11 months and 11 month in the Han, Nakdong, Keum, Yeongsan and Seomjin river systems respectively were higher than the monthly average runoff of the period of 30 years. For the storage rates, most of the dams in the Han river systems were highly stored through the year continuously and Paldang dam was specially higher than the other dams in the same river system. And most of the dams in the other river systems were stored irregularly but getting much better than early time during the 48 months. And special climatic features were not found during the sample period of 48 months, Sept. 1994 to Aug. 1998

지역감정 해소를 위한 스포츠의 필요성에 관한 연구

조동진,안용덕,김갑수 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1999 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

Though the pride of creating the regime by a region may offset the past material and economic alienation, the direction of national policy by new regime toward democratization directs to exterminate the regional emotion which is the absolute obstacle of national unity and reunify the South and North Koreas. Therefore this study investigates the cause of regional conflicts and regional emotion between west and east regions and examines the actual necessity of sports for the social unity before seeking the methods to exterminate the regional emotion with sports First, it grasps the type and cause of regional conflicts by examining and researching the existing research theses and literatures, carries out the questionnaire with the content, Can sports exterminate the regional emotion, with the university students in Pusan-Kyungnam region and Kwangju-Chonnam region and then obtains the following conclusions with the possibility to exterminate the regional emotion by sports. 1. The types of typical conflicts in Korea are labor-management conflict, income classes conflict, sexual conflict, generation conflict and regional conflict and the most serious social problem among these is the regional conflict. 2. The regional emotion means that the regional consciousness which is hope and desire for local community and a kind of condensed social energy shown in the relation to other regions are expressed to the people of other regions in exclusive and unfair way. 3. The use of sports can be the effective means to exterminate. In this case, the sports game of regular exchange type between amateurs not by pros can double its effects.

리티움 이온 고체전해질 CO₂센서

송갑득,서무교,곽종식,이덕동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Carbon dioxide gas sensor, which has inner heater, is fabricated using Li ionic electrolyte as raw material which is systhesized by sol-gel method. It has either Au electrode or Pt electrode as the metal electrode of sensing electrode part. Sensing characteristics for carbon dioxide gas and interference effect for carbon monoxide gas and hydro carbon gases are investigated. The sensors using Au electrode and Pt electrode show sensitivity about 25 mV/decade and 26 mV/decade for the variation of carbon dioxide gas concentration, respectively. The sensor using Au electrode shows more exellent selectivity compared to that using Pt electrode for carbon monoxide gas and hydro carbon gases.

급냉 응고된 Al합금의 열처리에 따른 미세구조 및 기계적성질에 관한 연구

서동수,조성석,신용덕,김혜성,임승무 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1988 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.3 No.2

Rapidly solidified A2024 alumium alloy plate and powder produced by the twin-roll method and the centrifugal atomization method, respectively. The microstructure and shape of the specimen were closely related to the process parameters. The process parameters of the twin-roll method must be properly combined in order to manufacture defect-free plate. Four kinds of powder shape were produced by the centrifugal atomization process, e.g. spherical, tear drop, ligamental and flake. The age hardening behavior of the rapidly solidified A2024 alloy was somewhat different from the conventional slowly solidified one.

다핵 화합물인 Mn_12O_12(CH_3CO_2)_16(H_2O)_4의 합성 및 물성에 대한 연구 : [Mn_12O_12(CH_3CO_2)_16(H_2O)_4]·2CH_3COOH·4H_2O

박치동,정덕영 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 論文集 Vol.50 No.-

Molecule-magnets (MMs) could potentially be used in storing a large density of information and in quantum computer. [Mn_12O_12(RCOO)_16(H_2O)_4] (R = Me, Et, Ph, and etc.) compounds are good examples among MMs. We synthesized and characterized the [Mn_12O_12(RCOO)_16(H_2O)_4]·2CH_3COOH·4H_2O (Mn_12-Ac) by FT-IR, and TGA. The electrochemical study of CV (Cyclic voltammogram) and DPV (Differential Pulse Voltammogram) for the title compound shows one oxidation- and three reduction-peaks. The first oxidation and the first reduction are reversible but second-, third-reduction are irreversible. The study of magnetic properties in the constant magnetic field (100 G) shows the evidence of a long range magnetic interaction.

공정제어에의 應用을 위한 마이크로 콤퓨터 시스템의 개발

李秀東,禹治水,李泰鎬,朴源深,黃德浩 울산대학교 1978 연구논문집 Vol.9 No.2

마이크로 프로세서를 이용한 디지탈 공정제어 수단이 고찰되었다. 관심의 초점은 분산-종합제어에 적합한 단말제어 프로세서에 두었다. 시험 제작된 프로세서는 8개의 제어 루우프를 운전하는 독립된 제어장치이며 동시에 종합제어를 위하여 상위 전산기와 데이타 교환이 가능하도록 설계 되었다. 주기적 샘플링에 의한 비례-적분-미분(PID)제어방식을 기본으로 하고 있으며 파라메터 값에 의하여 PI,PD등으로 축소될 수 있도록 하였다. 시험 장치에서는 주기를 2초로 하였는데 A/D변환기의 적절한 선정에 의하여 0.2초정도 까지는 쉽게 단축할 수 있다. 조작자용의 프로세서에 대한 고찰은 최소한의 기능을 가진 것에 한정하였으며 이는 실제 적용 현장과 관련하여 기능이 확장되어야 할 것이다. 사용된 마이크로 프로세서는 범용의 것으로 단말용에는 M6800계통을, 조작자용에는 SC/MP계통을 사용하였다. A microprocessor based digital process controller has been studied. The objective was to develope a stand-alone terminal processor for distributed on-line control systems. The prototype terminal proposed in this paper has the capability of handling eight independent control loops under the supervisory control of main computer and/or operator console. The control algorithm follows analog PID action based on periodically sampled data. The control action can also be reduced to PI,PD and so forth through parameter assignment. Availability of A/D converters to the authors limited sampling period to 2 seconds, but it could easily be reduced to 0.2 sec. employing appropriate A/D devices. The number of operational functions of console processor is kept minimum in this study, the expansion of which should be done for particular application. Hardware implementation was done with general purpose microprocessors; M6800 system for terminal and SC/MP system for console.