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Preparation of Silibininloaded Nanoliposomes by ethanol injection method
Dongjae Shin,Sanghoon Ko 한국산업식품공학회 2016 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2016 No.10
The purpose of this research was to prepare silibininloaded nano sized liposomes to improve their aqueous solubility and to optimize the preparation method. For the preparation, specific amount of cholesterol was dissolved into ethanol. After that, phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk (~60%) was dissolved into mixture about 20, 40, and 60 mg/mL, and subsequently, silibin in was dissolved into organic phase at approximate 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL, respectively. The organic phase was regularly injected at 0.9 mL/min into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) using peristaltic pump under stirring. Liposomes were formed spontaneously as soon as lipid phase was in contact with the aqueous phase. Then, the liposome suspension was kept under stirring for 15 min. Thereafter, ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. As the result, silibin in loaded liposomes were circular shape which had lipid bilayer at edge of the liposome droplets and were multilamellarvesicles. In addition, average size of silibinin loaded liposome droplets were 148.27, 144.52, and 173.46 nm at 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL silibinin concentrations, respectively. Zeta potentials of liposome particles were showed about -9.64, -12.03, and -12.79 mV. As concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ethanol increased, droplet size and zeta potential of the liposome increased. The average encapsulation efficiency of obtained liposome suspensions was 57.6%. In conclusion, the liposome preparation method established can be used to encapsulate various hydrophobic bioactives for food application such as beverage.
Preperation of silibinin loaded nanoliposomes
Dongjae Shin,Sanghoon Ko 한국산업식품공학회 2016 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2016 No.04
Silibinin, the major active constituent of silymarin, was known as having hepatoprotective effects against oxidative stress of the liver. However, it has poor oral bioavailability. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to prepare silibinin loaded nano sized liposomes to improve their bioavailability and to optimize the preparation method. Liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection method. An aqueous phase was prepared by adding tween 80 into phosphate buffer saline. Subsequently, a lipid phase was composed of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and silibinin and they were mixed in a mass ratio of 8:1.2:1, respectively, at 60℃ and dissolved in absolute ethanol. After all compounds in the lipid phase was dissolved fully, the lipid phase was injected into an aqueous phase and was stirred at 500rpm, 60℃ for 30 min. Thereafter, ethanol in the mixture was removed by rotary evaporator and subsequently high pressure homogenizer was applied to the mixture at 120 Mpa to obtain nano size liposomes. As a result, silibinin loaded liposomes were obtained and they were circular shape which had lipid bilayer at edge of the liposome droplets and were multilamellar vesicles. Average size of the silibinin loaded liposomes were about 70-110 nm. As the faster injecting speed applied, the smaller particles size showed. In conclusion, the liposome preparation method can be used to encapsulate various functional bioactives for food application such as beverage.
리눅스 상에서 멀티미디어 데이타를 고려한 지역 버퍼 할당 기법
신동재(Dongjae Shin),박성용(Sungyong Park),양지훈(Jihoon Yang) 한국정보과학회 2003 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.9 No.4
리눅스와 같은 범용 운영체제의 버퍼 캐시(buffer cache)는 전역적(global) 블록 교체 및 미리읽기(read ahead) 정책 등을 사용하여 파일 블록을 관리한다. 따라서, 참조의 지역성(locality)을 가지지 않고 다양한 소비율(consumption rate)을 갖고 있는 멀티미디어 데이타의 경우 캐시 시스템의 적중률이 낮을 뿐만 아니라 미리읽기의 특성으로 인하여 필요보다 과도하게 버퍼를 소비하기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 리눅스 상에서 멀티미디어 데이타를 위한 새로운 버퍼 할당 기법을 설계하고 구현하였다. 제안된 방법에서는 멀티미디어 파일마다 독립적인 미리읽기 캐시를 유지하며 미리읽기 그룹의 크기를 소비율에 비례하도록 동적으로 조절한다. 이는 공정한 자원 분배가 이루어지도록 하며, 버퍼의 소비량을 최적화되도록 한다. 본 논문에서는 구현된 시스템과 최신의 리눅스 커널 2.4.17 버전 상에서 각각 소비되는 버퍼 수와 캐시 적중률을 실험을 통하여 비교함으로써 시스템의 성능을 평가한다. The buffer cache of general operating systems such as Linux manages file data by using global block replacement policy and read ahead. As a result, multimedia data with a low locality of reference and various consumption rate have low cache hit ratio and consume additional buffers because of read ahead. In this paper we have designed and implemented a new buffer allocation algorithm for multimedia data on Linux. Our approach keeps one read-ahead cache per every opened multimedia file and dynamically changes the read-ahead group size based on the buffer consumption rate of the file. This distributes resources fairly and optimizes the buffer consumption. This paper compares the system performance with that of Linux 2.4.17 in terms of buffer consumption and buffer hit ratio.