Impact of work function variation for enhanced electrostatic control with suppressed ambipolar behavior for dual gate L-TFET

Singh Prabhat,Yadav Dharmendra Singh 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.44 No.-

The favorable electrostatic potential and tunneling underneath the overall gate region, which prevents legitimate source to drain tunneling, controllability over the gate is assisted in vertical TFET configurations. An L-TFET (L-shaped Tunneling Field-Effect Transistor) has a larger tunneling length than a veritable TFET. As a consequence, the current in the on-state (Ion) has gotten better. The increased ambipolar current and low Ion/Ioff ratio of L-TFET will need to be tuned for low-power and high-frequency functionality. On the other hand, significantly worse switching performance and distortions may lead to a weak robust device. By establishing a high-k gate oxide-based drain underlap region with dual gate, this study is dedicated to ameliorating the Ion/Ioff by subverting ambipolar behavior. To investigate the impact of height of second gate (Hgate2) and work-function of this (WFgate2), EBD (Energy Band Diagram), electric field distribution in X and Y direction, potential and recombination rate are examined under various conditions. Which leads to enhanced DC/RF and linearity performance. Along with this, Current-Voltage characteristics, DC/RF, and linearity performance Figure of Merits (FOMs) also investigated the assessment of variation of Hgate2 and WFgate2, and it is optimized for the better suppression of Iambi (ambipolar current) with a steep slope in transfer characteristics. In addition to that, Current-voltage statistics (Ids - Vgs), DC/RF, and linearity efficiency FOMs were being used to assess the influence of changing the Hgate2 and WFgate2, which was modulated for greater Iambi suppression (ambipolar current) with improved SS and Vth for the proposed device.

Roles of RECQ helicases in recombination based DNA repair, genomic stability and aging.

Singh, Dharmendra Kumar,Ahn, Byungchan,Bohr, Vilhelm A Kluwer Academic Publishers 2009 Biogerontology Vol.10 No.3

<P>The maintenance of the stability of genetic material is an essential feature of every living organism. Organisms across all kingdoms have evolved diverse and highly efficient repair mechanisms to protect the genome from deleterious consequences of various genotoxic factors that might tend to destabilize the integrity of the genome in each generation. One such group of proteins that is actively involved in genome surveillance is the RecQ helicase family. These proteins are highly conserved DNA helicases, which have diverse roles in multiple DNA metabolic processes such as DNA replication, recombination and DNA repair. In humans, five RecQ helicases have been identified and three of them namely, WRN, BLM and RecQL4 have been linked to genetic diseases characterized by genome instability, premature aging and cancer predisposition. This helicase family plays important roles in various DNA repair pathways including protecting the genome from illegitimate recombination during chromosome segregation in mitosis and assuring genome stability. This review mainly focuses on various roles of human RecQ helicases in the process of recombination-based DNA repair to maintain genome stability and physiological consequences of their defects in the development of cancer and premature aging.</P>

State of air pollutants and related health risk over Haryana India as viewed from satellite platform in COVID-19 lockdown scenario

Singh Dharmendra,Nanda Chintan,Dahiya Meenakshi 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.2

COVID-19 driven lockdown has affected air quality worldwide. Changes in air pollutants concentration, Air Quality Index (AQI), and associated Excess Health Risk (ER%) were assessed using satellite data of before (2019), and during (2020) COVID-19 periods in the industrially, agriculturally developed and highly populated area of Haryana in the northern region of Indo-Gangetic Plains. Parameters such as Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Particulate matters (PM), Sulphur Di-Oxide (SO2), Nitrogen Di-Oxide (NO2), Carbon Mono-oxide (CO), and Methane (CH4) were derived using satellite data and validated using ground-based observations (n = 23). The coefficient of correlation (r) 0.91, 0.90, 0.95, 0.73, 0.81 and 0.80 were established with AOD, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO, respectively. Significant reduction (p\0.005) in the concentration of air pollutants, viz. 38% in AOD, 55% in PM2.5, 61% in PM10, 31% in SO2, 10% in NO2, 5% in CO and 1% in CH4 were observed during lockdown. Significant (p\0.00) improvement in air quality was observed due to a 44% reduction in pollution level, which led to the reduction in ER% by 71%, which is quite significant. AQI and ER% from satellite and ground showed a high r2 i.e. 0.88 and 0.99 respectively, suggesting the potential application of satellite data for periodic AQI and ER% assessment.

Soil Diversity: A Key for Natural Management of Biological and Chemical Constitute to Maintain Soil Health & Fertility

Dharmendra Singh,Parul Jain,Abhishek Gupta,Rajeev Nema 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.5 No.1

State of air pollutants and related health risk over Haryana India as viewed from satellite platform in COVID-19 lockdown scenario

Singh Dharmendra,Nanda Chintan,Dahiya Meenakshi 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.1

COVID-19 driven lockdown has affected air quality worldwide. Changes in air pollutants concentration, Air Quality Index (AQI), and associated Excess Health Risk (ER%) were assessed using satellite data of before (2019), and during (2020) COVID-19 periods in the industrially, agriculturally developed and highly populated area of Haryana in the northern region of Indo-Gangetic Plains. Parameters such as Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Particulate matters (PM), Sulphur Di-Oxide (SO2), Nitrogen Di-Oxide (NO2), Carbon Mono-oxide (CO), and Methane (CH4) were derived using satellite data and validated using ground-based observations (n = 23). The coefficient of correlation (r) 0.91, 0.90, 0.95, 0.73, 0.81 and 0.80 were established with AOD, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO, respectively. Significant reduction (p\0.005) in the concentration of air pollutants, viz. 38% in AOD, 55% in PM2.5, 61% in PM10, 31% in SO2, 10% in NO2, 5% in CO and 1% in CH4 were observed during lockdown. Significant (p\0.00) improvement in air quality was observed due to a 44% reduction in pollution level, which led to the reduction in ER% by 71%, which is quite significant. AQI and ER% from satellite and ground showed a high r2 i.e. 0.88 and 0.99 respectively, suggesting the potential application of satellite data for periodic AQI and ER% assessment.

Resistance distance method for determination of isomorphism, stiffness and best input link among planar Kinematic chains

Dharmendra Singh,Aas Mohd,R. A. Khan 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.1

The detection of isomorphism among kinematic chains and their derived mechanisms has been a hot area of research for the last severalyears. In this paper, a quantitative method (resistance distance method) is proposed in order to compare all the distinct chains withspecified number of links and degree of freedom, for rigidity of the chain and to select the best input link to introduce motion and to testisomorphism thoroughly and uniquely. In this method, the kinematic chains are represented in the form of resistance graph and from thatgraph a Laplacian matrix is generated which is further transformed into a resistance distance matrix.

Vision based rail track extraction and monitoring through drone imagery

Arun Kumar Singh,Anushka Swarup,Ankush Agarwal,Dharmendra Singh 한국통신학회 2019 ICT Express Vol.5 No.4

Track detection and gauge measurement are considered as crucial aspects of railway inspection systems. Traditionally, monitoring by human inspectors was done. Nowadays, computer vision-based systems are used due to their flexibility and ease of use. In recent years, various prototypes of vision based inspection system have been proposed, most have a camera mounted on carts or trains. Employing drones for such monitoring systems provides a cost effective and accurate means for monitoring tracks. This paper explores the possibilities of computer vision based monitoring through drone imagery. The experimental results ensure that the proposed method provides high reliability and accuracy.

Studies of the benzopyran class of selective COX-2 inhibitors using 3D-QSAR and molecular docking

Dharmendra K. Yadav,Saloni,Praveen Sharma,Sanjeev Misra,Harpreet Singh,Ricardo L. Mancera,김강,장청연,김미현,Horacio Pe´rez-Sa´nchez,최은화,수렌드라 대한약학회 2018 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.41 No.12

The Gaussian-based 3D-QSAR studies for 58 selective COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors belonging to benzopyran chemical class were performed. Partial least squares analysis produced statistically significant model with (R training 2 = 0.866) and predictability (Q training 2 = 0.66, Q test 2 = 0.846). The 3D-QSAR model includes steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bond acceptor field indicators, whereas the potential field contributions indicate that the steric and hydrophobic features of the molecules play an important role in governing their biological activity. A molecular docking simulation and protein–ligand interaction pattern analysis reveal the importance of Tyr-361 and Ser-516 of the COX-2 active site for X-ray crystal structures and this class of molecules. Thus the combined approach of ligand-based and structure-based models provided an improved understanding in the interaction between benzopyran chemical class and COX-2 inhibition, which will guide the future identification of more potent anti-inflammatory drugs.

Pregnancy - associated human listeriosis: Virulence and genotypic analysis of Listeria monocytogenes from clinical samples

Dharmendra Kumar Soni,Durg Vijai Singh,Suresh Kumar Dubey 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.9

cccListeria monocytogenes, a life-threatening pathogen, poses severe risk during pregnancy, may cause abortion, fetal death or neonatal morbidity in terms of septicemia and meningitis. The present study aimed at characterizing L. monocytogenes isolated from pregnant women based on serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence genes, in vivo pathogenicity test and ERIC- and REP-PCR fingerprint analyses. The results revealed that out of 3700 human clinical samples, a total of 30 (0.81%) isolates [12 (0.80%) from placental bit (1500), 18 (0.81%) from vaginal swab (2200)] were positive for L. monocytogenes. All the isolates belonged to serogroup 4b, and were + ve for virulence genes tested i.e. inlA, inlC, inlJ, plcA, prfA, actA, hlyA, and iap. Based on the mice inoculation tests, 20 isolates showed 100% and 4 isolates 60% relative virulence while 6 isolates were non-pathogenic. Moreover, 2 and 10 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin, respectively, while the rest susceptible to other antibiotics used in this study. ERIC- and REP-PCR collectively depicted that the isolates from placental bit and vaginal swab had distinct PCR fingerprints except a few isolates with identical patterns. This study demonstrates prevalence of pathogenic strains mostly resistant to cefoxitin and/or ciprofloxacin. The results indicate the importance of isolating and characterizing the pathogen from human clinical samples as the pre-requisite for accurate epidemiological investigations. Listeria monocytogenes, a life-threatening pathogen, poses severe risk during pregnancy, may cause abortion, fetal death or neonatal morbidity in terms of septicemia and meningitis. The present study aimed at characterizing L. monocytogenes isolated from pregnant women based on serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence genes, in vivo pathogenicity test and ERIC- and REP-PCR fingerprint analyses. The results revealed that out of 3700 human clinical samples, a total of 30 (0.81%) isolates [12 (0.80%) from placental bit (1500), 18 (0.81%) from vaginal swab (2200)] were positive for L. monocytogenes. All the isolates belonged to serogroup 4b, and were + ve for virulence genes tested i.e. inlA, inlC, inlJ, plcA, prfA, actA, hlyA, and iap. Based on the mice inoculation tests, 20 isolates showed 100% and 4 isolates 60% relative virulence while 6 isolates were non-pathogenic. Moreover, 2 and 10 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin, respectively, while the rest susceptible to other antibiotics used in this study. ERIC- and REP-PCR collectively depicted that the isolates from placental bit and vaginal swab had distinct PCR fingerprints except a few isolates with identical patterns. This study demonstrates prevalence of pathogenic strains mostly resistant to cefoxitin and/or ciprofloxacin. The results indicate the importance of isolating and characterizing the pathogen from human clinical samples as the pre-requisite for accurate epidemiological investigations.

Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Markers Through Cloning, Expression, and Regulation of Putative Virulence-Protein-Encoding Genes of Aeromonas hydrophila

Vijai Singh,Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary,Indra Mani,Rohan Jain,B.N. Mishra 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is associated with a number of diseases in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and humans. In fish it causes several disease symptoms including tail and skin rot, and haemorrhagic septicemia; in human it causes soft-tissue wound infection and diarrhoea. The pathogenesis of A. hydrophila is multifactorial, but the mechanism is unknown so far. It is considered to be mediated by expression and secretion of extracellular proteins such as aerolysin, lipase, chitinase, amylase, gelatinase, hemolysins, and enterotoxins. A number of the putative virulence-protein-encoding genes that are present in the genome of A. hydrophila have been targeted by PCR for molecular diagnosis. These significant genes are also targeted for over-production of proteins by cloning and expression methods. In this review, we emphasize recent progress in the cloning, expression, and regulation of putative virulence-protein-encoding genes of A. hydrophila for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and also help to provide effective strategies for control of diseases.