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Daniel Seungyoul Han,박진형 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.15 No.3
Facial skeletal remodeling was revolutionized more than 30 years ago, by the workof Tessier and other craniofacial surgeons. However, the need to correct the skeletonin the upper third of the face is not frequently diagnosed or treated in aesthetic facialsurgery. Here, we report on the aesthetic correction of a protrusive forehead. A patientvisited our hospital for aesthetic contouring with a prominent forehead. The anteriorwall of the frontal sinus was removed with a craniotome via the bicoronal approach. After the excised bone was repositioned, it was fixed with a titanium mesh plate andscrews. An electric burr was used to contour the supraorbital rim and frontal bone. Once the desired shape was achieved, the periosteum was replaced, and the woundwas closed in layers. When performed properly, frontal sinus contouring could significantlyimprove the appearance in patients with a prominent forehead. Plastic surgeonsmust carefully evaluate patients with a prominent forehead for skeletal remodeling thatinvolves the accurate and safe repositioning of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus
Regulated RalBP1 Binding to RalA and PSD-95 Controls AMPA Receptor Endocytosis and LTD
Han, Kihoon,Kim, Myoung-Hwan,Seeburg, Daniel,Seo, Jinsoo,Verpelli, Chiara,Han, Seungnam,Chung, Hye Sun,Ko, Jaewon,Lee, Hyun Woo,Kim, Karam,Heo, Won Do,Meyer, Tobias,Kim, Hyun,Sala, Carlo,Choi, Se-Youn Public Library of Science 2009 PLoS biology Vol.7 No.9
<▼1><P>A two step mechanism was identified that regulates receptor endocytosis during the development of long-term depression (LTD), a long-lasting decrease in synaptic transmission.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Long-term depression (LTD) is a long-lasting activity-dependent decrease in synaptic strength. NMDA receptor (NMDAR)–dependent LTD, an extensively studied form of LTD, involves the endocytosis of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) via protein dephosphorylation, but the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. We show here that a regulated interaction of the endocytic adaptor RalBP1 with two synaptic proteins, the small GTPase RalA and the postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD-95, controls NMDAR-dependent AMPAR endocytosis during LTD. NMDAR activation stimulates RalA, which binds and translocates widespread RalBP1 to synapses. In addition, NMDAR activation dephosphorylates RalBP1, promoting the interaction of RalBP1 with PSD-95. These two regulated interactions are required for NMDAR-dependent AMPAR endocytosis and LTD and are sufficient to induce AMPAR endocytosis in the absence of NMDAR activation. RalA in the basal state, however, maintains surface AMPARs. We propose that NMDAR activation brings RalBP1 close to PSD-95 to promote the interaction of RalBP1-associated endocytic proteins with PSD-95-associated AMPARs. This suggests that scaffolding proteins at specialized cellular junctions can switch their function from maintenance to endocytosis of interacting membrane proteins in a regulated manner.</P></▼2><▼3><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Neurons adapt over time in order to dampen their response to prolonged or particularly strong stimuli. This process, termed long-term depression (LTD), results in a long-lasting decrease in the efficiency of synaptic transmission. One extensively studied form of LTD requires the activation of a specific class of receptors known as NMDA glutamate receptors (NMDARs). A key molecular event initiated by NMDA receptor activation is the stimulation of protein phosphatases. Another key event is internalization via endocytosis of synaptic AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs). However, the mechanism by which protein dephosphorylation is coupled to AMPAR endocytosis has remained unclear. Here, we help to define this mechanism. We show that endocytic proteins, including RalBP1, are widely distributed in neurons under normal conditions. Upon NMDAR activation, the small GTPase RalA becomes activated and binds to RalBP1, resulting in the translocation of RalBP1 and RalBP1-associated endocytic proteins to synapses. At the same time, RalBP1 becomes dephosphorylated, which promotes its binding to the postsynaptic scaffold protein PSD-95, a protein that itself associates with AMPARs. This concerted recruitment of endocytic proteins to the vicinity of AMPARs results in AMPAR endocytosis. On the basis of our data, we propose a model in which dual binding of RalBP1 to both RalA and PSD-95 following RalBP1 dephosphorylation is essential for NMDAR-dependent AMPAR endocytosis during LTD.</P></▼3>
New York City Vascular Surgeons during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Daniel K. Han 대한혈관외과학회 2020 Vascular Specialist International Vol.36 No.4
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forever changed the livesof many across the world. Like many others, New Yorkers witnessed their hospitalsystems become overwhelmed with a massive influx of critically ill patients. Protocols,workflow, staffing, and individual responsibilities all changed as health careproviders scrambled to help where they could. As we see, for the second time thisyear, a rapid rise in the number of COVID-19 cases in the United States, I wanted toshare our experience as vascular surgeons during the first surge from a health caresystem located in New York City, one of the largest epicenters of the pandemic.
Cheng Han Ng,Kai En Chan,Yip Han Chin,Rebecca Wenling Zeng,Pei Chen Tsai,Wen Hui Lim,Darren Jun Hao Tan,Chin Meng Khoo,Lay Hoon Goh,Zheng Jye Ling,Anand Kulkarni,Lung-Yi Loey Mak,Daniel Q Huang,Mark C 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.3
Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with diabetes. The cumulative impact of both diseases synergistically increases risk of adverse events. However, present population analysis is predominantly conducted with reference to non-NAFLD individuals and has not yet examined the impact of prediabetes. Hence, we sought to conduct a retrospective analysis on the impact of diabetic status in NAFLD patients, referencing non-diabetic NAFLD individuals. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 was used. Hepatic steatosis was defined with United States Fatty Liver Index (US-FLI) and FLI at a cut-off of 30 and 60 respectively, in absence of substantial alcohol use. A multivariate generalized linear model was used for risk ratios of binary outcomes while survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression and Fine Gray model for competing risk. Results: Of 32,234 patients, 28.92% were identified to have NAFLD. 36.04%, 38.32% and 25.63% were non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic respectively. Diabetic NAFLD significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, chronic kidney disease, all-cause and CVD mortality compared to non-diabetic NAFLD. However, prediabetic NAFLD only significantly increased the risk of CVD and did not result in a higher risk of mortality. Conclusions: Given the increased risk of adverse outcomes, this study highlights the importance of regular diabetes screening in NAFLD and adoption of prompt lifestyle modifications to reduce disease progression. Facing high cardiovascular burden, prediabetic and diabetic NAFLD individuals can benefit from early cardiovascular referrals to reduce risk of CVD events and mortality.
Daniel Huber,Hans Irschik,Michael Krommer 국제구조공학회 2009 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.5 No.6
The present paper is concerned with the design of a proper patch actuator network in order to track a desired displacement of the sidewalls of a one-storey frame structure; both, for the static and the dynamic case. Weights for each patch of the actuator network found in our previous work were based on beam theory; in the present paper a refinement of these weights by modeling the sidewalls of the frame structure as thin plates is presented. For the sake of calculating the refined weights approximate solutions of the plate equations are calculated by an extended Galerkin method. The solutions based on the analytical plate model are compared with three-dimensional Finite Element results computed in the commercially available code ANSYS. The patch actuator network is put into practice by means of four piezoelectric patches attached to each of the two sidewalls of the frame structures, to which electric voltages proportional to the analytically refined patch weights are applied. Analytical and numerical results coincide very well over a broad frequency range.