항정신병 약물로 인한 지연성 근긴장 이상의 유병율

최정미,김종길,장대식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.4

Tardive dystonia is rare late-onset side effect of neuroleptics. This report presents a parevalence study of 1520 inpatients conduced in 4 mental sanatoriums in Pusan City and Kyung Nam province. Our criteria for diagnosing tardive dystonia(by Burke et. 1982) were 1) presence of chronic dystonia 2) history of antipsychotic drug treatment preceding or concurrent with the onset of dystonia 3) exclusion of known causes of secondary dystonia by appropriate clinical and laboratory evaluation 4) a negative family history of dystonia. Tardive dystonia was also assessed using Simpson rating scale for Tardive dyskinesia. For exclusion of other known causes of secondary dystonia, several studies(liver function test, thyroid function test, determination of serum copper & ceruloplasmin level, observation of Kayser-Fleisher ring) were performed. The results were as follows : 1) Twenty-one of the 1520 assessed patients have been suffered from manifestation of tardive dystonia(1.38%) ; sixteen of 1009 men (1.59%) and five of 511 women(0.98%). Sexual prevalence rate was not tatistically significant(χ²=0.92). 2) Eighteen patients among 347 patients less than 40 years old developed tardive dystonia (5.2%) as compared to 3 patients of 1173 over the age of 40(0.3%). This remarkable difference among young aged before 40 years old is highly significant(χ²=with Yate's correction=44.25)(p<0.001). 3) The most frequently affected site was neck(90.5%) the next, head (61.9%), trunk(33.3%) and extrimities(4.8%). 4) Five patients had concurrent tardive dyskinesia(28.5%) : head nodding, eye blinking, finger tremor, stamping movement, puckering and smacking were observed. The severity of tardive dystonia fluctuated without uniform pattern and aggravated when anxious or tense. 5) Duration of exposure to antipsychotics was varied from 3 months to 24 years(mean 5.6±1.60 years). Seventeen of 21 patients have been taken chloropromazine.

연직배수재의 타설심도에 따른 압밀특성

장정욱,박춘식,손대산 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

This study analyzed characteristics of soft ground consolidation according to depths of vertical drain. As the result, when the depth ratio of vertical drains (L/D) were 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0, consolidation characteristics were similar up to 70% in consolidation degree under one-dimensional drain condition. However, above this degree, consolidation speed became slower as L/D became smaller. Two-dimensional drain condition also showed a similar tendency, but when L/D was 1.0, the consolidation speed was relatively higher.

直接螢光抗體法에 依한 고양이의 Toxoplasma 感染 樣相에 關한 調査 硏究

張南植,羅榮彦,李英河,辛大煥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.1

A study on the direct fluorescent antibody test using the several organ tissues and stamp smear of domestic cats which are the final and favorate host of Toxoplasma gondii, was performed. The organ tissue used was prepared in 6-8μm thickness by frozen section at -20℃ and stamp smear sample was prepared by smear wet mounting. Fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) conjugates was diluted by 4 fold, 1:4, 1:16, 1:256 in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.2). A total of 35 domestic cats which is being commerced in Jungang domestic animal market, Taejeon, was examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Fluorescent zone of Toxoplasma was mainly part of below microtubuel and cell membrane. 2. Fluorescent reaction was no-fluorescent and non-specific reaction in under the titer 1:4, and in over the titer it was reacted in 16 samples of the tissue organ, 4 sample s of smear. 3. Positive rate of tissue specimen was 8.6% in liver, 5.8% in spleen, lung heart respectively, 2.9% in lymph node. 4. Positive rate of stamp smear specimen was 2.9% in liver, spleen lung, respectively. 5. Among 35 domestic cats, infected domestic cats were indentified to 5 domestic cats, corresponding to 14.3%.

시공간 부호화를 이용한 MIMO채널의 성능분석

정대훈,장은영,변건식 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2004 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.1

The randomness of the wireless environment degrades the system performance considerably. One of the effective techniques to mitigate the randomness is diversity techniques. The basic idea of diversity techniques is to transmit/receive multiple replica of the information through independent channels. In this paper, the time-space diversity is studied and simulated. Also character of SISO, MISO, SIMO, MIMO is studied and simulated.

수학 학습부진아 및 학습장애아 교육 관점에서 분석한 초등학교 저학년(1-3학년) 수학 교과서의 적합성

이대식,장수방 국립특수교육원 2002 특수교육연구 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구에서는 초등학교 저학년 수학 교과서를 수학 학습에 어려움을 겪는 학생들의 관점에서 분석하고, 이들을 위한 수학 학습 교재 개발 요구와 필요성 및 그 방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 7차 교육 과정에 근거한 초등학교 저학년용 (1-3학년) 수학 교과서와 익힘책, 그리고 교사용 지도서를 분석 대상으로, 수학 학습에 어려움이 있는 학생들의 관점에서 교과서 분석을 하였다. 분석 결과, 전반적으로 현재의 수학 교과서는 수학 학습에 어려움을 겪고 있는 학생들에게는 여러 가지 면에서 부적절한 측면들이 발견되었다. 구체적으로는 첫째, 내용 제시 속도가 시간당 소화해야 할 과제 유형 수에 비해 빠른 감이 있고, 스스로 문제를 해결하도록 요구하는 단계가 너무 빨리 제시되고 있다. 둘째, 해결해야 할 과제 유형의 수에 비추어 개별 연습문제는 물론, 복습문제, 문제해결 문제, 실생활 문제, 놀이나 게임 등의 활동이 단원에 따라서 큰 차이가 나고 있다. 대체적으로 수와 연산 관련 단원 이외의 영역, 예컨대 도형 등의 단원에서는 상대적으로 불충분한 연습 과제와 복습 문제가 제시되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 수학 학습에 어려움을 겪고 있는 학습자들에게 꼭 필요한 교수 활동, 즉, 사전 기술이나 지식의 확인과 보충, 그리고 오류 유형별 교정 활동은 현재의 교과서가 갖추어야 할 가장 시급한 요소 중의 하나이다. 결론적으로, 수학 학습에 어려움을 겪는 수학 학습부진이나 수학 학습장애아들에게는 현재와 같은 교과서 체제와는 다른 별도의 교재를 개발해야 한다. The purpose of the study was to analyze appropriateness of the current public elementary school math textbooks from the perspectives of education for children with learning problems or learning disabilities in mathematics. Students with math learning problems needs specially designed instruction and curriculum because of their unique needs. Nonetheless, only one type of math textbook is available for all the elementary school students. Current math textbook package(text books, workbooks, and teacher's manual) for grade 1-3 was analyzed in terms of the effective curriculum design principles: presenting big ideas, scaffolding, the number and types of examples, providing feedback, judicious review, priming prior knowledge, using diagrams and manipulatives, and strategic integration. Many parts of the textbooks and teacher's manual were inappropriate for students with math learning problems: the speed of presenting new knowledge was to past; the number of practice examples and review tasks were insufficient, particularly in the unit of geometry; the types of example were not divergent; review tasks were not cumulative; no feedback was available; prior knowledge neither diagnosed nor provided; the teacher's manual was too general to provide specific guidelines for classroom teachers. In conclusion, students with math lerning problems may need alternative math textbooks designed according to their learning needs.

블라인드 시공간 적응 배열 안테나

정대훈,장은영,노현민,변건식 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2005 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.13 No.1

In Mobile communication systems, it require a high speed transmission. But the performance of systems is bad according to a selective fading channel. Therefore we must estimate a channel environment. In this paper, we esimated a direction of arrival of the coming wave. Currently there is MUSIC algorithm in DOA estimation. But this technique is difficult to estimate DOA in real time because of time. This paper proposed a new method called Blind adaptive array Antenna. As a result, we verified the performance of system is superior in various channel condition using simulation.

소세포 폐암의 갑상선전이 1예

장리라,최영식,박요한,문대성,김자경,김성은,최인수,유찬희,남성진 고신대학교 의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.3

Metastasis to the thyroid gland is usually considered uncommon. The most frequent sites of the primary tumor include the kidney, breast and lung. Its presence often indicates poor prognosis. Metastases represent the advanced stage of the tumors and fine needle aspiration cytology is and important way of diagnosis in thyroid metastasis. we experienced a case of Metastatic Small cell Lung Carcinoma to the Thyroid Gland. A 58-year-old man with Graves' disease diagnosed pulmonary nodule in the left upper lung field on his chest X-ray film. The patient's thyroid gland was diffusely swollen, and elastic to hard. A thyroid ultrasonography showed 1cm sized hypodense nodule on the left thyroid gland. The patient underwent a ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology of the mass. Cytological diagnosis was a metastatic small cell carcinoma. Then Chemotherapy was administered to the patient. The authors report this rare case of metastatic small cell lung carcinoma to the thyroid with literature review.

결정방위가 구리합금의 에칭 특성에 미치는 영향

朴長植,張大正 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術 Vol.10 No.-

The etching characteristics of Cu-10%Sn alloys have been examined using EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) apparatus equipped in the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The grains with their plane normal on the etched surface parallel to [001] are shown to have the best resistance to corrosion by the etchant and appear light in the optical microscope. The grains with their plane normal parallel to [111] have the least resistance to corrosion and appear dark in the optical microscope. The grains with their normal parallel to[101]have medium resistance to corrosion and appear gray in the optical microscope. The contrast for each grain is opposite in the SEM pictures. These etching characteristics result from the unusually high corrosion resistance of (001) plane. The other planes suffer accelerated corrosion until the surface is covered with polyhedrons with their surfaces enclosed with (001) planes. These polyhedrons are responsible for the surface roughness found on the grains other than (001) ones, causing the difference in the contrast.

재원기간중 사망한 급성 심근경색증 환자의 임상적 특징

현대우,김기식,신이철,박소영,배장호,한창엽,김윤년,김권배 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.9

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 32×32 방사형 CMOS 시각칩의 설계 및 제조

박대식,박종호,김경문,이수경,김현수,김정환,이민호,신장규 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.2

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 시각칩을 픽셀수 32x32의 방사형 구조로 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 설계 및 제조하였다. 생체의 망막은 넓은 범위의 입력 광강도에 대해서 물체의 윤곽을 검출할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 시세포, 수평세포, 쌍극세포로 이루어진 망막의 윤곽검출 기능을 모델링하여 윤곽검출용 인공시각칩을 설계하였다. 국소 광적응을 위해, 입력 광강도에 따라 수용야의 크기를 국소적으로 바뀌게 하였다. 아울러 단위셀을 방사형으로 배치함으로써 영상데이터의 양을 감소시킴과 동시에 칩의 중심부분으로 갈수록 해상도가 높아지도록 설계하였다. 설계된 칩은 0.6 ㎛ double-poly triple-metal 표준 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 제조되었으며. HSPICE 시뮬레이션으로 성능을 최적화 시켰다. A 32x32 pixels foveated (linear-polar) stucture retina chip with the function of local-light adaptation for edge detection has been designed and fabricated using CMOS technology. Human retina can detect a wide range of light intensity. In this study, we use the biologically-inspired visual signal processing mechanism that consists of photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells in order to implement the function of edge detection in the retina chip. For a local-light adaptive function, the size of receptive field is changed locally according to the input light intensity. The spatial distribution of sensing pixels in the foveated retina chip has the advantages of selective reduction of image data and good resolution in central part to carry out the elaborate image processing with still enough resolution in the outer parts. The designed chip has been fabricated using standard 0.6 ㎛ double-poly triple-metal CMOS technology and optimized using HSPICE simulator.