De la memoria al olvido : Susana San Juan ed Pedro Páramo

Maria Claudia Macias Rodriguez 서울대학교 스페인중남미연구소 2005 이베로아메리카硏究 Vol.16 No.-

En Pedro Páramo, el problema del tiempo se presenta en términos de la memoria y el recuerdo. Comala es un mundo en donde los muertos y los pocos vivos -que luego morirán también- se entremezclan mediante las voces del recuerdo y las imágenes de la memoria. La crítica tradicionalmente ha centrado su interés en la presencia de la memoria colectiva, atendiendo a uno de los grandes compromisos asumidos por la novela: la voz de los que no tienen voz, es decir, el pueblo frente a las instituciones que detentan el poder. Dichas instituciones ostentan el discurso histórico oficial, que en esta obra se encuentra representado por el cacique, Pedro Páramo. Sin embargo, hay un personaje singular en muchos aspectos, Susana San Juan. Esta mujer no sólo es el motivo de la gloria y la desgracia del cacique, es también el punto de unión entre la memoria colectiva del pueblo -de donde procede- y la memoria individual del cacique. Ambas memorias se funden en una síntesis ideal que integra la novela en su totalidad.

Bone changes in the mandibular incisors after orthodontic correction of dental crowding without extraction: A cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation

Valerio, Claudia Scigliano,Cardoso, Claudia Assuncao e Alves,Arauujo, Eustaquio Afonso,Zenobio, Elton Goncalves,Manzi, Flavio Ricardo Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2021 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.51 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes of the alveolar bone and interdental bone septum of the mandibular incisors through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after orthodontic treatment of mandibular dental crowding without dental extraction. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 64 CBCT images(32 pre-treatment and 32 post-treatment) from 32 adult patients with class I malocclusion and an average age of 23.0±3.9 years. The width and height of the alveolar bone and interdental septum, the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the facial and lingual bone crests, and the inclination of the mandibular incisors were measured. Results: The distance between the CEJ and the marginal bone crest on the facial side increased significantly (P<0.05). An increased distance between the CEJ and the bone crest on the facial and lingual sides showed a correlation with the irregularity index (P<0.05); however, no significant association was observed with increasing mandibular incisor inclination (P>0.05). The change in the distance between the CEJ and the marginal bone crest on the facial side was correlated significantly with bone septum height(P<0.05). Conclusion: Bone dehiscence developed during the treatment of crowding without extraction only on the incisors' facial side. Increasing proclination of the mandibular incisor was not correlated with bone dehiscence. The degree of dental crowding assessed through the irregularity index was associated with the risk of developing bone dehiscence. The interdental septum reflected facial marginal bone loss in the mandibular incisors.

Reproducibility of cone-beam computed tomographic measurements of bone plates and the interdental septum in the anterior mandible

Valerio, Claudia Scigliano,Alves, Claudia Assuncao e,Manzi, Flavio Ricardo Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2019 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.49 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to introduce a novel method to evaluate the alveolar bone and interdental septum in the anterior mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Fifty-six CBCT scans from adult patients were selected. The CBCT scans were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment. The following measurements were taken: width of the alveolar bone and the interdental septum, height of the interdental septum, height of the bone plates, distance between the cementoenamel junction and marginal bone crests, and vertical positioning of the mandibular incisor, using the lingual plane as a reference. To test the reproducibility and the stability of the lingual plane, a triangle was traced in the anterior mandible. The intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) was used to determine intra- and inter-examiner agreement. The paired Student t-test was used to evaluate the area of the triangle and the reproducibility of all measurements. Results: The ICC was excellent for the alveolar bone and dental measurements (0.9989 and 0.9977, respectively), as well as for the interdental septum (0.9987 and 0.9961, respectively). The area of the triangles showed stability in the lingual plane (P>0.05). For the alveolar bone, mandibular incisor, and interdental septum measurements, no statistically significant differences were found between the 2 examiners(P>0.05), confirming the technical reliability of the measurements. Conclusion: The method used in this study provides a valid and reproducible assessment of alveolar bone dimensions in the anterior mandible measured on CBCT images.

INVESTIGATING WHY ONLINE PURCHASING PUSH OFFLINE SALES IN THE LUXURY MARKET

Anna Claudia Pellicelli,Claudia Franze' 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2020 No.11

Movilización Social, Cabildos Ciudadanos y el Proceso Constitucional en Chile

Claudia Dides 한국라틴아메리카학회 2021 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.34 No.2

Chile’s social explosion on October 18, 2019 was the outcome of a longstanding process. Its roots are in the 1980s Constitution imposed by the military dictatorship and the economic, social and political model based on Milton Freedman’s ideas. The model, modified under democracy in its more extreme aspects and accompanied by aggressive policies to reduce poverty, brought about a process of economic development and reduction of poverty. However, from the beginning it showed its inner tendency to increase structural inequalities and it was applied in a context of a quasi-monopolistic economic structure where collusion practices easily take place. The people felt they were being repeatedly abused, which resulted in the social explosion. Hundreds of thousands of Chileans mobilized daily up until the appearance of Covid 19; they denounced the existing inequalities and abuses. In a parallel development, thousands of participants all along Chile spontaneously invited themselves to citizen’s meetings to discuss about the problems they and the country had, and they reached important conclusions. The objective of this paper is to report and analyze the dynamics of these conversations and meetings, and the conclusions reached, which will be an especially important input for the work of the Constitutional Convention where democratically elected Chilean men and women—with parity representation—will elaborate the New Constitution of the country.

La enseñanza del español para fines específicos: El español de la diplomacia

Claudia Brieño,유영식 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2014 중남미연구 Vol.33 No.1

The advance of Spanish as a language of international communication has provoked a recent demand for teaching diplomatic personnel who aspire to perform their duties in Latin America. However, because it is a professional field where different disciplines come together; there is a lack of specialized research and specific training materials. This work aims to contribute to better understanding and characteristics of diplomatic Spanish reviewing some pragmatic and functional issues of this specialized language and presenting an analysis of the lexical features, morphosyntactic and discourse constituting the diplomatic genre. As we consider that, just as the teaching of other specialized languages, Spanish for diplomacy requires specific and innovative teaching proposals that meet the communication needs demanded by this group of professionals.

Measuring the Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Mobility: A Real Case Study from Italy

Claudia Cavallaro,Armir Bujari,Luca Foschini,Giuseppe Di Modica,Paolo Bellavista 한국통신학회 2021 Journal of communications and networks Vol.23 No.5

When COVID-19 first struck the provinces of NorthernItaly in early 2020 (especially in Lombardy and in Emilia-Romagna), the conditions there made it a perfect storm. Thevirus outbreak spread with an unusual violence (in the periodfrom late February to April 2020), with a catastrophic toll interms of human deaths. Taken by surprise, Italy mandated acomplete nation-wide lockdown, successively resorting to ministerialdecrees alleviating and postponing the restrictions. Now more than ever, there is an increased awareness onICT used to combat the pandemic. In this article, we presenta quantitative analysis evidencing the impact of restrictions onmobility. To this end, we rely on a vehicular mobility datasetconfined in the downtown area of Bologna, Italy. Pursuingthe objective, we propose a modified version of a state-of-theartdata mining algorithm, allowing us to efficiently identifyand quantify mobility flows. The proposal, if combined withadditional data sources, could allow for a fine-grained and timelydecision making, combating the pandemic.

Metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and neuromuscular fitness performance in children with cerebral palsy : A comparison with healthy youth

Claudia Cardona García,Alberto Alcocer-Gamboa,Margarita Pérez Ruiz,Ignacio Martínez Caballero,Avery D. Faigenbaum,Jonathan Esteve-Lanao,Beatriz Moral Saiz,Teresa Martín Lorenzo,Sergio Lerma Lara 한국운동재활학회 2016 JER Vol.12 No.2

When the Baggage of One Becomes Heavier for Two: Student Loan Debt Distribution Effects

( Claudia S. Perez ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2021 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.27 No.-

This article examines the way student loan debt is treated while distributing property in a marriage dissolution proceeding. It discusses how currently, both the community property distribution system and the common law equitable distribution system often yield inequitable results when courts divide marital property (i.e., assets and liabilities acquired during the marriage) equally between the spouses. This is especially true with regard to student loans that were unilaterally obtained by one spouse prior to the marriage. With close to 45 million borrowers currently owing over $1.7 trillion in student loan debt, it is imperative that state legislatures review their “distribution” systems to ensure that marital liabilities are truly equitably distributed upon dissolution of a marriage.

Effects of Weight Loss and Interaction with Physical Activity on Risks of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Claudia R. L. Cardoso,Nathalie C. Leite,Gil F. Salles 대한내분비학회 2023 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.38 No.3

Background: This study investigated the effects of weight loss during follow-up on cardiovascular outcomes in a type 2 diabetescohort and tested interactions with clinical and laboratory variables, particularly physical activity, that could impact the associations. Methods: Relative weight changes were assessed in 651 individuals with type 2 diabetes and categorized as ≥5% loss, <5% loss,or gain. Associations between weight loss categories and incident cardiovascular outcomes (total cardiovascular events [CVEs], major adverse cardiovascular events [MACEs], and cardiovascular mortality) were assessed using multivariable Cox regression withinteraction analyses. Results: During the initial 2 years, 125 individuals (19.2%) lost ≥5% of their weight, 180 (27.6%) lost <5%, and 346 (53.1%) gainedweight. Over a median additional follow-up of 9.3 years, 188 patients had CVEs (150 MACEs) and 106 patients died from cardiovascular causes. Patients with ≥5% weight loss had a significantly lower risk of total CVEs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.89; P=0.011) than those who gained weight, but non-significant lower risks of MACEs or cardiovascular deaths. Patients with <5% weight loss had risks similar to those with weight gain. There were interactions between weight loss and physical activity. In active individuals, ≥5% weight loss was associated with significantly lower risks for total CVEs (HR, 0.20; P=0.004) andMACEs (HR, 0.21; P=0.010), whereas in sedentary individuals, no cardiovascular protective effect of weight loss was evidenced. Conclusion: Weight loss ≥5% may be beneficial for cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly when achieved with regularphysical activity, even in high-risk individuals with long-standing type 2 diabetes.