Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Properties of Fe-Cr-C Hardfacing Alloy Cladding Manufactured by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

Jie-Hao Chen,Chih-Chun Hsieh,Pei-Shing Hua,Chia-Ming Chang,Chi-Ming Lin,Paxon Ti-Yuan Wu,Weite Wu 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.1

A series of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys is deposited by gas tungsten arc welding and subjected to abrasive wear testing. Pure Fe with various amounts of CrC (Cr:C=4:1) powders are mixed as the fillers and used to deposit hardfacing alloys on low carbon steel. Depending on the various CrC additions to the alloy fillers,the claddings mainly contain hypoeutectic, near eutectic, or hypereutectic microstructures of austenite γ-Fe phase and (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides on hardfacing alloys, respectively. When 30% CrC is added to the filler, the finest microstructure is achieved, which corresponds to the γ-Fe+(Cr,Fe)7C3 eutectic structure. With the addition of 35% and 40% CrC to the fillers, the results show that the cladding consists of the massive primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 as the reinforcing phase and interdendritic Fe+(Cr,Fe)7C3 eutectics as the matrix. The (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbide-reinforced claddings have high hardness and excellent wear resistance under abrasive wear test conditions. Concerning the abrasive wear feature observable on the worn surface, the formation and fraction of massive primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides predominates the wear resistance of hardfacing alloys. Abrasive particles result in continuous plastic grooves when the cladding has primary γ-Fe phase in a hypoeutectic structure.

Effect of fenpropathrin on the viability and homing ability of worker bees Apis mellifera

Chun-hua Liao,Jie Wu,Zi-long Wang,Zhi Jiang Zeng,Xiaobo Wu 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4

To explore the effect of fenpropathrin on survival and homing ability of honeybees Apis mellifera L., the newly emerged honeybee workers (< 12 h old) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group. Fenpropathrin (1/2 LD50, 1/4 LD50, 1/8 LD50 and 0% LD50) was added on the thorax of the bees. The viability of worker bees and their homing rate at 1 km distance away from colonies were analyzed, and the expression levels of two memory related genes (GluRA and Nmdar 1) in 20-day–old worker bees were also quantified. Overall, the lifespan and homing rates were significantly decreased with the increase of fenpropathrin dose (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the least group (1/8 LD50) and the control group (0% LD50) (P > 0.05). The relative expression of Nmdar1 was decreased significantly with the increasing doses of fenpropathrin and the lower expression level of Nmdar 1 was found in the fenpropathrin-treaded groups. The expression level of GluRA of workers in 1/8 LD50 group and the control group were significantly higher than that in 1/2 LD50 group and 1/4 LD50 group (P < 0.05), whereas the expression level of GluRA of workers in 1/4 LD50 group was significantly higher than that in 1/2 LD50 group (P < 0.05), and there is no significant difference between 1/8 LD50 group and the control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of fenpropathrin for agricultural crops may show negative influence on the viability and homing ability of worker bees Apis mellifera L.

Efficacy and Safety Profile of Combining Sorafenib with Chemotherapy in Patients with HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis

Jie Chen,Chun-Xiang Tian,Miao Yu,Qing Lv,Nan-Sheng Cheng,Zu Wang,Xi Wu 한국유방암학회 2014 Journal of breast cancer Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy andsafety of combining sorafenib with chemotherapy in patients withhuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advancedbreast cancer. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CochraneCentral Register of Controlled Trials, American Society for ClinicalOncology abstracts, and European Society for Medical Oncologyabstracts were searched. Randomized clinical trials that comparedthe efficacy and safety of sorafenib plus chemotherapy inpatients with HER2-negative advanced breast cancer with placeboplus chemotherapy were eligible. The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), time to progression(TTP), duration of response (DOR), overall response rate(ORR), clinical benefits, and adverse effects. The meta-analysiswas performed using Review Manager 5.2.6 (The Nordic CochraneCentre), and the fixed-effect model weighted by the Mantel-Haenszel method was used. When considerable heterogeneitywas found (p<0.1), further analysis (subgroup analysis, sensitivityanalysis, or random-effect model) was performed to identifythe potential cause. The results are expressed as hazard ratios orrisk ratios, with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: The final analysis included four trials comprising 844 patients. The results revealed longer PFS and TTP, and higher ORRand clinical benefit rates in patients receiving sorafenib combinedwith chemotherapy compared to those receiving chemotherapyand placebo. OS and DOR were similar in the two groups. Meanwhile,the incidence of some adverse effects, including hand-footskin reaction/hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, rash, and hypertension,were significantly higher in the sorafenib arm. Conclusion:Sorafenib combined with chemotherapy may prolong PFS andTTP. This treatment was associated with manageable toxicities,but frequent dose interruptions and reductions were required.

Adalimumab induction and maintenance therapy achieve clinical remission and response in Chinese patients with Crohn`s disease

( Kai Chun Wu ),( Zhi Hua Ran ),( Xiang Gao ),( Minhu Chen ),( Jie Zhong ),( Jian Qiu Sheng ),( Michael A Kamm ),( Simon Travis ),( Kori Wallace ),( Nael M Mostafa ),( Marisa Shapiro ),( Yao Li ),( Ro 대한장연구학회 2016 Intestinal Research Vol.14 No.2

Background/Aims: This was a Phase 2 study (NCT02015793) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of adalimumab in Chinese patients with Crohn`s disease (CD). Methods: Thirty, adult Chinese patients with CD (CD Activity Index [CDAI] 220-450; high-sensitivity [hs]-C-reactive protein [CRP] ≥3 mg/L) received double-blind adalimumab 160/80 mg or 80/40 mg at weeks 0/2, followed by 40 mg at weeks 4 and 6. An open-label extension period occurred from weeks 8-26; patients received 40 mg adalimumab every other week. Serum adalimumab concentration and change from baseline in fecal calprotectin (FC) were measured during the double-blind period. Clinical remission (CDAI <150), response (decrease in CDAI ≥70 points from baseline), and change from baseline in hs-CRP were assessed through week 26. Nonresponder imputation was used for missing categorical data and last observation carried forward for missing hs-CRP/FC values. No formal hypothesis was tested. Adverse events were monitored. Results: Mean adalimumab serum concentrations during the induction phase were 13.9-18.1 μg/mL (160/80 mg group) and 7.5-9.5 μg/mL (80/40 mg group). During the double-blind period, higher remission/ response rates and greater reductions from baseline in hs-CRP and FC were observed with adalimumab 160/80 mg compared to that with 80/40 mg. Adverse event rates were similar among all treatment groups. Conclusions: Adalimumab serum concentrations in Chinese patients with CD were comparable to those observed previously in Western and Japanese patients. Clinically meaningful remission rates and improvement in inflammatory markers were achieved with both dosing regimens; changes occurred rapidly with adalimumab 160/80 mg induction therapy. No new safety signals were reported. (Intest Res 2016;14:152-163)

Ginsenoside Rg3 in combination with artesunate overcomes sorafenib resistance in hepatoma cell and mouse models

Ying-Jie Chen,Jia-Ying Wu,Yu-Yi Deng,Ying Wu,Xiao-Qi Wang,Amy Sze-man Li,Lut Yi Wong,Xiuqiong Fu,Zhi-Ling Yu,Chun Liang 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.3

Sorafenib is effective in treating hepatoma, but most patients develop resistance to it. STAT3signaling has been implicated in sorafenib resistance. Artesunate (ART) and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3)have anti-hepatoma effects and can inhibit STAT3 signaling in cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluatethe effects of Rg3 in combination with ART (Rg3-plus-ART) in overcoming sorafenib resistance, and toexamine the involvement of STAT3 signaling in these effects. Methods: Sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2-SR) were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-hepatomaeffects of Rg3-plus-ART. A HepG2-SR hepatoma-bearing BALB/c-nu/nu mouse model was used to assessthe in vivo anti-hepatoma effects of Rg3-plus-ART. CCK-8 assays and Annexin V-FITC/PI double stainingwere used to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Immunoblotting was employed toexamine protein levels. ROS generation was examined by measuring DCF-DA fluorescence. Results: Rg3-plus-ART synergistically reduced viability of, and evoked apoptosis in HepG2-SR cells, andsuppressed HepG2-SR tumor growth in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that Rg3-plus-ART inhibitedactivation/phosphorylation of Src and STAT3 in HepG2-SR cultures and tumors. The combination alsodecreased the STAT3 nuclear level and induced ROS production in HepG2-SR cultures. Furthermore, overactivation of STAT3 or removal of ROS diminished the anti-proliferative effects of Rg3-plus-ART, andremoval of ROS diminished Rg3-plus-ART's inhibitory effects on STAT3 activation in HepG2-SR cells. Conclusions: Rg3-plus-ART overcomes sorafenib resistance in experimental models, and inhibition of Src/STAT3 signaling and modulation of ROS/STAT3 signaling contribute to the underlying mechanisms. Thisstudy provides a pharmacological basis for developing Rg3-plus-ART into a novel modality for treatingsorafenib-resistant hepatoma.

The role of ginsenoside Rb1, a potential natural glutathione reductase agonist, in preventing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of H9C2 cells

Hui-Jie Fan,Zhang-Bin Tan,Yu-Ting Wu,Xiao-Reng Feng,Yi-Ming Bi,Ling-Peng Xie,Wen-Tong Zhang,Zhi Ming,Bin Liu,Ying-Chun Zhou 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis is a key pathological process inischemic heart disease. Glutathione reductase (GR) reduces glutathione disulfide to glutathione (GSH) toalleviate oxidative stress. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) prevents the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes; however,the role of GR in this process is unclear. Therefore, the effects of GRb1 on GR were investigated in thisstudy. Methods: The antiapoptotic effects of GRb1 were evaluated in H9C2 cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and Western blotting. Theantioxidative effects were measured by a reactive oxygen species assay, and GSH levels and GR activitywere examined in the presence and absence of the GR inhibitor 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the binding of GRb1 toGR. The direct influence of GRb1 on GR was confirmed by recombinant human GR protein. Results: GRb1 pretreatment caused dose-dependent inhibition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cellapoptosis, at a level comparable to that of the positive control N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The binding energybetween GRb1 and GR was positive ( 6.426 kcal/mol), and the binding was stable. GRb1 significantlyreduced reactive oxygen species production and increased GSH level and GR activity without altering GRprotein expression in H9C2 cells. Moreover, GRb1 enhanced the recombinant human GR protein activityin vitro, with a half-maximal effective concentration of z2.317 mM. Conversely, 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea co-treatment significantly abolished the GRb1’s apoptotic and antioxidative effects of GRb1in H9C2 cells. Conclusion: GRb1 is a potential natural GR agonist that protects against oxidative stresseinducedapoptosis of H9C2 cells.

Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum Multidrug Resistance Strain S06004 from China(s)

( Qiu Chun Li ),( Ya Chen Hu ),( Yin Fei Wu ),( Xiao Chun Wang ),( Xiao Lei Xie ),( Ming Xin Tao ),( Jun Lei Yin ),( Zhi Jie Lin ),( Yang Jiao ),( Li Juan Xu ),( Xinan Jiao ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

As Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum remains a major economic problem for the poultry industries of countries with no efficient control measures, we presented a multidrug resistance strain S06004 (isolated from a clinically sick chicken in China in 2006) for genome sequencing. The genome comparison showed that the strain contained two prophages, the ST104 and prophage-4 (Fels2) of E. coli LF82, which were not detected in the only published genomes of S. Pullorum RKS5078 and CDC1983-67. In addition, the GyrA Ser83 point mutation, drugresistant genes, and many antibiotic pump systems that are present in S06004 may be contributing to the multidrug resistance of this strain.

GENERATED TERMINAL CONNECTIVITY PROBLEM FOR MULTI-LAYER LAYOUT SCHEME

Chia Chun Tsai,Wu Shiung Feng,Sao Jie Chen 대한전자공학회 1989 JTC-CSCC : Joint Technical Conference on Circuits Vol.- No.-

Genomic Screening for Targets Regulated by Berberine in Breast Cancer Cells

Wen, Chun-Jie,Wu, Lan-Xiang,Fu, Li-Juan,Yu, Jing,Zhang, Yi-Wen,Zhang, Xue,Zhou, Hong-Hao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Berberine, a common isoquinoline alkaloid, has been shown to possess anti-cancer activities. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not completely understood. In the current study, we investigated the effects of berberine on cell growth, colony formation, cell cycle distribution, and whether it improved the anticancer efficiency of cisplatin and doxorubicin in human breast cancer estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 cells and estrogen receptor negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, berberine treatment significantly inhibited cell growth and colony formation in the two cell lines, berberine in combination with cisplatin exerting synergistic growth inhibitory effects. Accompanied by decreased growth, berberine induced G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 but not MDA-MB-231 cells. To provide a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of action of berberine, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of berberine-treated cells using cDNA microarrays. This revealed that there were 3,397 and 2,706 genes regulated by berberine in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Fene oncology (GO) analysis identified that many of the target genes were involved in regulation of the cell cycle, cell migration, apoptosis, and drug responses. To confirm the microarray data, qPCR analysis was conducted for 10 selected genes based on previously reported associations with breast cancer and GO analysis. In conclusion, berberine exhibits inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells proliferation, which is likely mediated by alteration of gene expression profiles.

Preferential Induction of CYP1A1 over CYP1B1 in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells after Exposure to Berberine

Wen, Chun-Jie,Wu, Lan-Xiang,Fu, Li-Juan,Shen, Dong-Ya,Zhang, Xue,Zhang, Yi-Wen,Yu, Jing,Zhou, Hong-Hao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

Estrogens are considered the major breast cancer risk factor, and the carcinogenic potential of estrogens might be attributed to DNA modification caused by derivatives formed during metabolism. $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$), the main steroidal estrogen present in women, is metabolized via two major pathways: formation of 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH $E_2$) and 4-hydroxyestradiol ($4-OH\;E_2$) through the action of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1, respectively. Previous reports suggested that $2-OH\;E_2$ has putative protective effects, while $4-OH\;E_2$ is genotoxic and has potent carcinogenic activity. Thus, the ratio of $2-OH\;E_2/4-OH\;E_2$ is a critical determinant of the toxicity of $E_2$ in mammary cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of berberine on the expression profile of the estrogen metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Berberine treatment produced significant induction of both forms at the level of mRNA expression, but with increased doses produced 16~ to 52~fold greater induction of CYP1A1 mRNA over CYP1B1 mRNA. Furthermore, berberine dramatically increased CYP1A1 protein levels but did not influence CYP1B1 protein levels in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, we present the first report to show that berberine may provide protection against breast cancer by altering the ratio of CYP1A1/CYP1B1, could redirect $E_2$ metabolism in a more protective pathway in breast cancer MCF-7 cells.