OsMSR15 encoding a rice C2H2-type zinc finger protein confers enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis

Xin Zhang,Bin Zhang,Ming Juan Li,Xu Ming Yin,Li Fang Huang,Yan Chun Cui,Man Ling Wang,Xin Jie Xia 한국식물학회 2016 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.59 No.3

Zinc nger proteins (ZFPs) play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Through microarray analysis, an Oryza sativa L. multi-stress-responsive gene, OsMSR15, was identied and subsequently cloned from rice Pei’ai 64S (Oryza sativa L.). Expression of OsMSR15 was strongly up-regulated by cold, drought and heat stresses in different tissues at different developmental stages of rice. OsMSR15 contains two C2H2-type zinc nger motifs, a nuclear localization signal (B box), a Leu-rich domain (L-box) and a conserved EAR-motif close to its C-terminus. The OsMSR15-GFP fusion protein was localized to the nucleus. Yeast-one hybrid assay showed that OsMSR15 possesses transcriptional activation ability. Expression of OsMSR15 in Arabidopsis conferred drought tolerance, and transgenic plants showed hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA during the seed germination and post-germination stages. Transgenic plants also showed higher levels of free proline, less electrolyte leakage and increased expressions of a number of stress-responsive genes, including LEA3, RD29A, DREB1A and P5CS1 under drought stress. The obtained results indicate that OsMSR15 is an important regulator involved in plant response to drought stress.

Ginsenoside Rb1 increases macrophage phagocytosis through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Akt pathway

Chun Xin,Hui Quan,김정민,허영호,신재윤,배홍범,최정일 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1, a triterpene saponin, is derived from the Panax ginseng root and haspotent antiinflammatory activity. In this study, we determined if Rb1 can increase macrophagephagocytosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Methods: To measure macrophage phagocytosis, mouse peritoneal macrophages or RAW 264.7 cellswere cultured with fluorescein isothiocyanateeconjugated Escherichia coli, and the phagocytic index wasdetermined by flow cytometry. Western blot analyses were performed. Results: Ginsenoside Rb1 increased macrophage phagocytosis and phosphorylation of p38 mitogenactivatedprotein kinase (MAPK), but inhibition of p38 MAPK activity with SB203580 decreased thephagocytic ability of macrophages. Rb1 also increased Akt phosphorylation, which was suppressed byLY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. Rb1-induced Akt phosphorylation was inhibited bySB203580, (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)emediated knockdown of p38a MAPKin macrophages. However, Rb1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was not blocked by LY294002 orsiRNA-mediated knockdown of Akt. The inhibition of Akt activation with siRNA or LY294002 alsoinhibited the Rb1-induced increase in phagocytosis. Rb1 increased macrophage phagocytosis of IgGopsonizedbeads but not unopsonized beads. The phosphorylation of p21 activated kinase 1/2 andactin polymerization induced by IgG-opsonized beads and Rb1 were inhibited by SB203580 andLY294002. Intraperitoneal injection of Rb1 increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt and thephagocytosis of bacteria in bronchoalveolar cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 enhances the phagocytic capacity of macrophagesfor bacteria via activation of the p38/Akt pathway. Rb1 may be a useful pharmacological adjuvantfor the treatment of bacterial infections in clinically relevant conditions.

Ginsenoside Rb1 increases macrophage phagocytosis through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Akt pathway

Xin, Chun,Quan, Hui,Kim, Joung-Min,Hur, Young-Hoe,Shin, Jae-Yun,Bae, Hong-Beom,Choi, Jeong-Il The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1, a triterpene saponin, is derived from the Panax ginseng root and has potent antiinflammatory activity. In this study, we determined if Rb1 can increase macrophage phagocytosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Methods: To measure macrophage phagocytosis, mouse peritoneal macrophages or RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Escherichia coli, and the phagocytic index was determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analyses were performed. Results: Ginsenoside Rb1 increased macrophage phagocytosis and phosphorylation of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), but inhibition of p38 MAPK activity with SB203580 decreased the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Rb1 also increased Akt phosphorylation, which was suppressed by LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. Rb1-induced Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by SB203580, (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of $p38{\alpha}$ MAPK in macrophages. However, Rb1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was not blocked by LY294002 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of Akt. The inhibition of Akt activation with siRNA or LY294002 also inhibited the Rb1-induced increase in phagocytosis. Rb1 increased macrophage phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized beads but not unopsonized beads. The phosphorylation of p21 activated kinase 1/2 and actin polymerization induced by IgG-opsonized beads and Rb1 were inhibited by SB203580 and LY294002. Intraperitoneal injection of Rb1 increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt and the phagocytosis of bacteria in bronchoalveolar cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 enhances the phagocytic capacity of macrophages for bacteria via activation of the p38/Akt pathway. Rb1 may be a useful pharmacological adjuvant for the treatment of bacterial infections in clinically relevant conditions.

Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum Multidrug Resistance Strain S06004 from China(s)

( Qiu Chun Li ),( Ya Chen Hu ),( Yin Fei Wu ),( Xiao Chun Wang ),( Xiao Lei Xie ),( Ming Xin Tao ),( Jun Lei Yin ),( Zhi Jie Lin ),( Yang Jiao ),( Li Juan Xu ),( Xinan Jiao ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

As Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum remains a major economic problem for the poultry industries of countries with no efficient control measures, we presented a multidrug resistance strain S06004 (isolated from a clinically sick chicken in China in 2006) for genome sequencing. The genome comparison showed that the strain contained two prophages, the ST104 and prophage-4 (Fels2) of E. coli LF82, which were not detected in the only published genomes of S. Pullorum RKS5078 and CDC1983-67. In addition, the GyrA Ser83 point mutation, drugresistant genes, and many antibiotic pump systems that are present in S06004 may be contributing to the multidrug resistance of this strain.

Thalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Huang, Xin-En,Yan, Xiao-Chun,Wang, Lin,Ji, Zhu-Qing,Li, Li,Liu, Meng-Yan,Qian, Ting,Shen, Hui-Ling,Gu, Han-Gang,Liu, Yong,Gu, Ming,Deng, Li-Chun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17

Objective: To assess the safety and effectiveness of thalidomide (produced by CHANGZHOU PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY CO.LTD) combined with chemotherapy in treating patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Method: A consecutive cohort of pretreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with thalidomide combined with chemotherapy. And chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer were administered according to the condition of patients. Thalidomide was orally administered at a dosage of 50mg/day to 150mg/day before sleeping for at least 14 days. After at least 14 days of treatment, safety and side effects were evaluated. Results: There were 12 female and 3 male patients with advanced cancer recruited into this study, including 9 patients with colon, 6 patients with rectal cancer. The median age of patients was 57(41-82) years. Partial response was observed in 2 patients (2/15), and stable disease in 3 patients(3/15). Incidences of Grade 1 to 2 myelosuppression was observed in 1/15 patients, and Grade 1 to 2 elevation of hepatic enzyme was recorded in 1/15 patients. Adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract were documented in 1/15 patients, and were Grade 1. No Grade 3-4 toxicities were diagnosed. No treatment related death was found. Conclusions: Thalidomide combined with chemotherapy was safe and mildly effective in treating patients with advanced colorectal cancer. However, further study should be conducted to clarify the effectiveness of this combination.

Analysis on the Self under the Vision of Confucian Values: A Case Study of Confucius and Cheng Hao

( Wang Xin-chun ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2010 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.13

中華文化, 无疑是一底蘊厚重深湛、未來意義不可低估的文化。 歷史上, 對于此一文化及其核心价値的形成與確立, 儒家无疑發揮了擧足輕重的作用。孔子(前551 年―前479 年)與程?(1032―1085 年), 是本文探討儒家視域下的自我的切入点。與西方突顯基于肉體感性生命而來的鮮明而强烈的個我之自我觀念形成對照的, 是中華文化語境下的自我觀念。儒家視域下的自我, 奠定于先秦時期人的發現的時代主題與孔子于其中所作出的劃時代意義的杰出貢獻。孔子契接禮樂之統, 意味着對于人的發現的時代主題的契接。繼此契接, 孔子着力突顯了禮樂之統在直接性的生命存在本身之存在上的究竟意義, 予以自覺的此一意義上的創造性轉化, 進而幷從人自身那里爲其尋得了眞切可靠的价値根基, 卽仁。仁被詮顯爲內在于人的生命之中的崇高价値。人本身直下卽成爲擁有崇高价値的存在。禮樂之統有了來自于生命存在本身的价値根基與直接承當, 與人的生命存在接通。仁禮合一的全新哲學文化价値系統最終建構完成。在孔子的視域下, 自我非孤立性存在, 自我之在, 上以通天, 下以接所有的天地人物。自我卽是如此地與天地人物相連一體, 以此而在, 以此而實現着人生的一切。孔子之后, 自先秦時代起, 儒家漸次確立起自身涵納天人、貫通古今、放眼未來的哲學天人之學。置身由漢唐經學向宋明理學轉型過程中的程颢, 推出了他的理學體系。程颢首先開示了一個充滿盎然生机、生意的有机整體宇宙圖景, 繼之揭示了此一生机、生意之所自來的終極宇宙根基, 卽天理, 幷指出天理是一終極的令物生生之理, 卽是一最高的絶對之善本身, 由此天理卽仁體。此一天理、仁體令天地万物涵具幷彰顯出盎然生机、生意, 且一體无隔。人稟受它而具備了存在的所以然的終極宇宙根基和充足的价値根据與資源, 應据之一則珍視自己生命的內在价値, 令其原發性暢然舒展、展現與實現, 再則珍視幷善待他人他物的內在价値, 視天地人物一體无隔的有机宇宙整體中的一切皆爲我生命的有机組成部分, 期其亦皆能原發性暢然舒展、展現與實現自我, 從而成就起一宇宙式大我, 達到成爲天理、仁體自覺圓融化身的最高的生命境界, 卽天地境界。經程颢的創造性解讀, 自我不僅僅是基于肉體感性生命之自我的自我, 更是, 抑或毋寧更應是基于終極大宇宙根基之天理的天地人物无一例外地皆我之的大我。此一大我, 才是自我之在的本然、實然與應然。這一解讀, 爲孔子所開創的儒家之視域所容許, 而令其得到了空前之升華。 The self is a unique concept in the Confucianism, which was laid by Confucius and elucidated by later Confucians. Theories on benevolence were the core of Confucianism, which showed the intrinsic value of human life firstly under its unique vision at the times of “discovery of man”. Cheng Hao who was in the process of transition between classical learning of Han and Tang Dynasties and neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming dynasties blended Confucius’s theory on benevolence with Yi-ology to give benevolence a new life. A dynamic and organic picture of universe lied in the theory which revealed that “Tian Li” was the basis of everything. Meanwhile, “Tian Li” was absolute goodness, namely benevolence. All the things were regarded as an organic whole due to it. Human possessed the ultimate cause of being and sufficient value resources. human’s intrinsic values of life should be cherished and fulfilled naturally as well as other beings’ intrinsic values which were regarded as inevitable parts of my life. Cheng Hao pursued a kind of undistinguishable state with all things on earth as an integral whole, which was named as the world realm. The intrinsic values of human and other beings which were based on the course of heaven were demonstrated fully in Cheng Hao’s new theory of benevolence,which claimed that the fundamental value should be conserved, including all beings on earth. In the global and contemporary social cultural context, all studies on how to transform creatively and explore its modern value and significance in the future are very important. [Article in Chinese]

Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 pandemic and emerging challenges: An online cross-sectional survey in China

Chun-Li Lu,Ruo-Xiang Zheng,Xue Xue,Xiao-Wen Zhang,Xue-Han Liu,Xin-Yan Jin,Feng-Lan Pu,Hui-Di Lan,Min Fang,Ling-Yao Kong,Merlin Willcox,Bertrand Graz,Joelle Houriet,Xiao-Yang Hu,Jian-ping Liu 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.-

Background We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. Results The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. Conclusion We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines. Background We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. Results The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. Conclusion We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines.

Preparation of minor ginsenosides C-Mc, C-Y, F2, and C-K from American ginseng PPD-ginsenoside using special ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848

Chun-Ying Liu,Rui-Xin Zhou,Chang-Kai Sun,Ying-Hua Jin,Hong-Shan Yu,Tian-Yang Zhang,Long-Quan Xu,Feng-Xie Jin 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3

Background: Minor ginsenosides, those having low content in ginseng, have higher pharmacological activities. To obtain minor ginsenosides, the biotransformation of American ginseng protopanaxadiol (PPD)-ginsenoside was studied using special ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848. Methods: DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-cellulose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used in enzyme purification, thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used in enzyme hydrolysis and kinetics; crude enzyme was used in minor ginsenoside preparation from PPD-ginsenoside; the products were separated with silica-gel-column, and recognized by HPLC and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Results: The enzyme molecular weight was 75 kDa; the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed the C-20 position 20- O-b-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb1, then the C-3 position 3-O-b-D-Glc with the pathway Rb1/Rd/F2/C-K. However, the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed C-3 position 3-O-b-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb2 and Rc, finally hydrolyzed 20-O-L-Ara with the pathway Rb2/C-O/C-Y/C-K, and Rc/C-Mc1/C-Mc/C-K. According to enzyme kinetics, Km and Vmax of MichaeliseMenten equation, the enzyme reaction velocities on ginsenosides were Rb1 > Rb2 > Rc > Rd. However, the pure enzyme yield was only 3.1%, so crude enzyme was used for minor ginsenoside preparation. When the crude enzyme was reacted in 3% American ginseng PPD-ginsenoside (containing Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd) at 45C and pH 5.0 for 18 h, the main products were minor ginsenosides C-Mc, C-Y, F2, and C-K; average molar yields were 43.7% for CMc from Rc, 42.4% for C-Y from Rb2, and 69.5% for F2 and C-K from Rb1 and Rd. Conclusion: Four monomer minor ginsenosides were successfully produced (at low-cost) from the PPDginsenosides using crude enzyme.

Association of Polymorphisms in the Calpain I Gene with Meat Quality Traits in Yanbian Yellow Cattle of China

Xin, Jin,Zhang, Li-Chun,Li, Zhao-Zhi,Liu, Xiao-Hui,Jin, Hai-Guo,Yan, Chang-Guo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.1

The calpain I (CAPN1) gene is an important marker for meat tenderness and marbling score in the bovine, but there were no studies to determine whether the CAPN1 gene had an association with other meat quality traits. In this study, we examined the relation between genetic polymorphisms of the CAPN1 gene and some meat quality traits in Yanbian Yellow Cattle of China. By PCRSSCP and gene sequencing in 321 unrelated Yanbian yellow cattle, twenty seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in CAPN1, two existed SNPs in exon 8 and exon 17 resulted in the change of AA at F311S and M599V, respectively, and the otherpolymorphisms were at intron 7, 8, 14, 16 and 17. There were different preponderant genotypes at the corresponding gene locus and all genotypes were not associated with tenderness but other meat traits. This is the first study of the relationship between CAPN1 and meat quality besides tenderness in Yanbian yellow cattle of China.

GENERALIZED PROJECTION AND APPROXIMATION FOR GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES SYSTEM IN BANACH SPACES

Xin-Feng He,Yong-Chun Xu,Zhen He 영남수학회 2008 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.24 No.1

The approximate solvability of a generalized system for nonlinear variational inequality in Hilbert spaces was studied, based on the convergence of projection methods. But little research was done in Banach space. The primary reason was that projection mapping lacked preferably property in Banach space. In this paper, we introduced the generalized projection methods. By using these methods, the results presented in this paper extended the main results of S. S. Chang [3] from Hilbert spaces to Banach space.