Seeking a Better Place : Sustainability in the CPG Industry

Molly Inhofe Rapert,Christopher Newman,Seong-Yeon Park,Eun Mi Lee 한국마케팅과학회 2010 마케팅과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

“?我?而言,成?一名??的公民和一?成功的事?之??有??......他??今天的沃??是完全一?的。”Lee Scott, 沃??的CEO在2005年?崔琳娜????之后(Esty and Winston 2006) Lee Scott的?明?志着可持??展的一?新的?代。作?一?被全球生?商和零?商所?注的全世界最大?模的??商??了他?的可持??展的意?。近十年?,?保??不?增?,??展到全世界。公司已??生,?品已被?造,??期刊已?展?,政府已?承?――所有?一切都在追求可持??展(Peattie and Crane 2005)。?然?展的?比一些人渴望的慢了一些,但是?多大?模的??商已???保做出了可持??展的努力。?了更好的理解????我?同?提供高管和消?者??的有包?的消?品??的角度。?硏究依?于三??在主?:(1)?念和?据表明,公司??多理由?行可持??展(2)在有包?的消?品行?中,可持??展活?的?量在持?增?(3),因此,必?探索可持??展在消?者意?中起的作用。根据?些主?,143名大?生和101名企?高管?加了?????一系列的有?可持??展的?量包括愿意支付,行?意?,?度和偏好。?果?示高?管理者相信可持??展的三?最主要的原因是(1)盈利能力的机?;(2)以????境的??;(3)??客和股???。大?生的三大原因:(1)??境的?任;(2)?子?后代??,和(3):一?有效的管理?源。?然企?高管和大?生?支持可持??展的理由不同,但是企?高管和消?者的?告?示了?剩下大部分的可持??展??的相似性。?外,?我?要求消?者去??6?????的重要性?(??保健、??、?育、犯罪、政府支出、和?境),保??境?排在第四位 (Carlson 2005)。?6???都被??是重要的,三?最重要的是(1)改善?育;(2)本地?的???展,以及(3)?生保健。?了可持??展的持?性,我?也??期?果。反映社?、企?利益表?的新定?和?行期的延?同?被揭示出?(Ehrenfeld 2005; Hitchcock and Willard 2006)。基于文?我???了三?基本范?的?果:(1)改??成的?意度,(2)分化的机?,以及(3)金融??。在每一?分?中, 我????可持??展活?中?致11?不同?果的??特定的?果。我?的???果表明,最有可能的?果最高的前五?依序?公司的可持??展追求的是:(1)?色的消?者??更令人?意;(2)公司形象?更好,(3)公司的?任?得到加强,(4)?降低能源成本;(5)?品??更多的?新。?外,?更好的理解消?者的?境“身?”和在市???中愿意?示出??“身?”的有趣的交集,我??展了以前Experian Research(2008) 的硏究。因此,受?者分?四?不同?型的?色消?者(行??色,想法?色,? For us, there is virtually no distinction between being a responsible citizen and a successful business… they are one and the same for Wal-Mart today.” ~ Lee Scott, Wal-Mart CEO after the 2005 Katrina disaster; cited in Green to Gold (Esty and Winston 2006). Lee Scott’s statement signaled a new era in sustainability as manufacturers and retailers around the globe watched the world’s largest mass merchandiser confirm its intentions with respect to sustainability. For decades, the environmental movement has grown, slowly bleeding over into the corporate world. Companies have been born, products have been created, academic journals have been launched, and government initiatives have been undertaken ? all in the pursuit of sustainability (Peattie and Crane 2005). While progress has been admittedly slower than some may desire, the emergence and entrance of environmentally concerned mass merchandisers has done much to help with sustainable efforts. To better understand this movement, we incorporate the perspectives of both executives and consumers involved in the consumer packaged goods (CPG) industry. This research relies on three underlying themes: (1) Conceptual and anecdotal evidence suggests that companies undertake sustainability initiatives for a plethora of reasons, (2) The number of sustainability initiatives continues to increase in the consumer packaged goods industries, and (3) That it is, therefore, necessary to explore the role that sustainability plays in the minds of consumers. In light of these themes, surveys were administered to and completed by 143 college students and 101 business executives to assess a number of variables in regards to sustainability including willingness-to-pay, behavioral intentions, attitudes, willingness-to-pay, and preferences. Survey results indicate that the top three reasons why executives believe sustainability to be important include (1) the opportunity for profitability, (2) the fulfillment of an obligation to the environment, and (3) a responsibility to customers and shareholders. College students identified the top three reasons as (1) a responsibility to the environment, (2) an indebtedness to future generations, and (3) an effective management of resources. While the rationale for supporting sustainability efforts differed between college students and executives, the executives and consumers reported similar responses for the majority of the remaining sustainability issues. Furthermore, when we asked consumers to assess the importance of six key issues (healthcare, economy, education, crime, government spending, and environment) previously identified as important to consumers by Gallup Poll, protecting the environment only ranked fourth out of the six (Carlson 2005). While all six of these issues were identified as important, the top three that emerged as most important were (1) improvements in education, (2) the economy, and (3) health care. As the pursuit and incorporation of sustainability continues to evolve, so too will the expected outcomes. New definitions of performance that reflect the social/business benefits as well as the lengthened implementation period are relevant and warranted (Ehrenfeld 2005; Hitchcock and Willard 2006). We identified three primary categories of outcomes based on a literature review of both anecdotal and conceptual expectations of sustainability: (1) improvements in constituent satisfaction, (2) differentiation opportunities, and (3) financial rewards. Within each of these categories, several specific outcomes were identified resulting in eleven different outcomes arising from sustainability initiatives. Our survey results indicate that the top five most likely outcomes for companies that pursue sustainability are: (1) green consumers will be more satisfied, (2) company image will be better, (3) corporate responsibility will be enhanced, (4) energy costs will be reduced, and (5) products will be more innovative.

Production of tunable nanomaterials using hierarchically assembled bacteriophages

Lee, Ju Hun,Warner, Christopher M,Jin, Hyo-Eon,Barnes, Eftihia,Poda, Aimee R,Perkins, Edward J,Lee, Seung-Wuk Nature Publishing Group 2017 NATURE PROTOCOLS -ELECTRONIC EDITION- Vol.12 No.9

<P>Large-scale fabrication of precisely defined nanostructures with tunable functions is critical to the exploitation of nanoscience and nanotechnology for production of electronic devices, energy generators, biosensors, and bionanomedicines. Although self-assembly processes have been developed to exploit biological molecules for functional materials, the resulting nanostructures and functions are still very limited, and scalable synthesis is far from being realized. Recently, we have established a bacteriophage-based biomimetic process, called 'self-templating assembly'. We used bacteriophage as a nanofiber model system to exploit its liquid crystalline structure for the creation of diverse hierarchically organized structures. We have also demonstrated that genetic modification of functional peptides of bacteriophage results in structures that can be used as soft and hard tissue-regenerating materials, biosensors, and energy-generating materials. Here, we describe a comprehensive protocol to perform genetic engineering of phage, liter-scale amplification, purification, and self-templating assembly, and suggest approaches for characterizing hierarchical phage nanostructures using optical microscopy, atomic-force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SESEM). We also discuss sources of contamination, common mistakes during the fabrication process, and quality-control measures to ensure reproducible material production. The protocol takes similar to 8-10 d to complete.</P>

ACLS Simulation Examination between Korean and American paramedic students

Christopher C. Lee,Tae Min Kim 한국응급구조학회 2009 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.13 No.3

MELANOCYTOMA OF THE OPTIC DISK IN THE KOREAN POPULATION

Lee, Christopher S,Bae, Jeong H,Jeon, Ik H,BYEON, SUK H,KOH, HYOUNG J,Lee, Sung C The Ophthalmic Communications Society, Inc. 2010 Retina Vol.30 No.10

PURPOSE:: To report on the clinical features and the natural course of optic disk melanocytoma in the Korean population. METHODS:: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on 27 consecutive patients with optic disk melanocytoma. In cases with tumor enlargement, surface area and diameter of tumors were measured from fundus images using computer software. RESULTS:: The median age at diagnosis was 46 years with a slight female predominance (63%). The median tumor diameter and height were 3.1 mm and 1.9 mm, respectively. There were no cases with tumor-related visual loss for a median follow-up of 2 years. Tumor enlargement was observed in 4 of 21 patients (19%) that had follow-up of 1 year or more with no malignant transformation. The mean change of tumor surface area was 2.4 mm (52% increase), and the mean change of tumor diameter was 1.8 mm over a mean follow-up of 53 months in 4 cases with tumor growth. Only tumor vascularization on fluorescent angiography correlated with tumor growth (Log-rank test; P = 0.049). Kaplan-Meier survival estimated that the tumor growth was 0% at 1 year, 14% at 5 years, and 57% at 8 years. CONCLUSION:: Optic disk melanocytoma in the Korean population tends to be superiorly located in the optic disk, and visual prognosis was excellent. Periodic ocular examination is warranted because 57% of patients were estimated to show tumor enlargement by 8 years of follow-up.

Several Regions in the Major Histocompatibility Complex Confer Risk for Anti-CCP-Antibody Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis, Independent of the DRB1 Locus

Lee, Hye-Soon,Lee, Annette T.,Criswell, Lindsey A.,Seldin, Michael F.,Amos, Christopher I.,Carulli, John P.,Navarrete, Cristina,Remmers, Elaine F.,Kastner, Daniel L.,Plenge, Robert M.,Li, Wentian,Greg Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.) 2008 Molecular Medicine Vol.14 No.5

<P>Recent evidence suggests that additional risk loci for RA are present in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), independent of the class II HLA-DRB1 locus. We have now tested a total of 1,769 SNPs across 7.5Mb of the MHC located from 6p22.2 (26.03 Mb) to 6p21.32 (33.59 Mb) derived from the Illumina 550K Beadchip (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). For an initial analysis in the whole dataset (869 RA CCP + cases, 1,193 controls), the strongest association signal was observed in markers near the HLA-DRB1 locus, with additional evidence for association extending out into the Class I HLA region. To avoid confounding that may arise due to linkage disequilibrium with DRB1 alleles, we analyzed a subset of the data by matching cases and controls by DRB1 genotype (both alleles matched 1:1), yielding a set of 372 cases with 372 controls. This analysis revealed the presence of at least two regions of association with RA in the Class I region, independent of DRB1 genotype. SNP alleles found on the conserved A1-B8-DR3 (8.1) haplotype show the strongest evidence of positive association (P ~ 0.00005) clustered in the region around the HLA-C locus. In addition, we identified risk alleles that are not present on the 8.1 haplotype, with maximal association signals (P ~ 0.001-0.0027) located near the ZNF311 locus. This latter association is enriched in DRB1*0404 individuals. Finally, several additional association signals were found in the extreme centromeric portion of the MHC, in regions containing the DOB1, TAP2, DPB1, and COL11A2 genes. These data emphasize that further analysis of the MHC is likely to reveal genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis that are independent of the DRB1 shared epitope alleles.</P>

A Framework of Outsourcing Decision-Making for Human Resource Information Systems

Lee, Chung-Shing,Lee, C.Christopher,Kwon, He-Boong 한국경영정보학회 2007 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

This paper attempts to develop a framework for interrelationships among human resources information systems (HRIS), outsourcing, and corporate culture. This research investigates impacts of outsourcing HRIS on corporate culture. In this paper, we hypothesize that outsourcing corporate HRIS is less appealing (1) if the quality of product and customer service matters for a firm, (2) if a firm is concerned with a loss of intellectual property, and (3) if a firm requires maintenance of a distinctive human resource service function that is capable of meeting the challenges of fast changing customer demands in a dynamic business environment. In addition, this study argues companies must be aware of the total costs associated with HRIS before outsourcing its human resource functions. Finally, the impact on employee morale and performance must also be considered By outsourcing HRIS, managers will be able to spend more time and resources dedicated to an employee's professional career development.

Correction: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced metabolic stress by limiting oxidative damage to the mitochondria from brown adipose tissue

Lee Jae-Ho,Go Younghoon,Kim Do-Young,Lee Sun Hee,Kim Ok-Hee,Jeon Yong Hyun,Kwon Taeg Kyu,Bae Jae-Hoon,Song Dae-Kyu,Rhyu Im Joo,Lee In-Kyu,Shong Minho,Oh Byung-Chul,Petucci Christopher,Park Jeen-Woo,Os 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-

Integrated Databases for a Smart Greenhouse Intelligent Inference Platform

Christopher Ryu,Jongtae Lim,Sangjun Chung,Seoheui Lee,Hyunjung Hwang,RETITI DIOP EMANE Christopher,Junhyuck Jang,Nameyoung Kim,Yuna Kim,Dowoong Pyun,Youngho Oh,Dojin Choi,Kyoungsoo Bok,Jaesoo Yoo 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2021 No.12

Sphingosine-1-phosphate protects against bisphosphonate-induced HUVEC cell death via regulation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase signaling

LEE, YOU-JIN,JEONG, JAE-KYO,LEE, JU-HEE,PARK, YANG-GYU,MOON, JI-HONG,SEOL, JAE-WON,JACKSON, CHRISTOPHER J.,PARK, SANG-YOUEL Spandidos Publications 2013 International journal of molecular medicine Vol.31 No.4

Domain epitaxy of crystalline BeO films on GaN and ZnO substrates

Lee, Seung Min,Yum, Jung Hwan,Larsen, Eric S.,Shervin, Shahab,Wang, Weijie,Ryou, Jae‐,Hyun,Bielawski, Christopher W.,Lee, Woo Chul,Kim, Seong Keun,Oh, Jungwoo Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing) 2019 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY - Vol.102 No.6