An auto-resize cache structure for high-performance and low-power

Zhirui Liao,Jaehwan Kim,Jongwha Chong 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

In this paper, we design a cache scheme which can reduce the power consumption and increase the performance of cache through auto-resize of L1 cache, which is called auto-selecting cache scheme. Cache memory occupies a significant fraction of a chip’s overall power consumption. Recent researches advocate using “resizable” to adjust cache capability based on the fact that requirement in applications will reduce cache size and power consumption. Based on the fact that different programs need different sizes of instruction and data cache, an auto-selecting cache scheme is proposed. This scheme can dynamically adjust the sizes of level 1 cache according to program requirement of instruction and data cache. The proposed structure can reduce power consumption and improve cache performance. According to the SPEC2000 simulation, the average power consumption of L1 cache is reduced by 7.43% and the average of energy delay production is improved by 16.08% with auto-selecting cache structure compared traditional one.

ESTIMATION OF WATER RESOURCES AND SIMULATION OF SALINITY VARIABILITY IN UNGANGED HULUN LAKE

LI CHONG,MA WEI,YE BAISHENG,LIAO WENGEN 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Chinese Soy Sauces Moromi Cultured by Different Fermentation Processes

Jia Zheng,Chong-De Wu,Jun Huang,Rong-Qing Zhou,Xue Pin Liao 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.3

The volatile compounds in Chinese soy sauce moromi cultured by different fermentation processes [lowsalt solid-state fermentation (LSSF), high-salt dilute-state fermentation (HSDF), and high-salt constant temperature fermentation (HSCT)] were determined by GC-MS. The LSSF moromi had the highest total concentration of volatile compounds, followed by HSCT and HSDF moromi. Volatiles such as ethyl linoleate and ethyl oleate dominated in HSCT moromi. 2,3-Butanediol and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine were present at high content in LSSF moromi. The hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to investigate the fermentation process effect on the category of samples. Based on HCA,HSCT (a1 and a2) and HSDF (b1 and b2) clustered in 1group, and LSSF (c1 and c2) located in another group. PCA illustrated that each kind of samples correlating with specific volatile compound groups were clearly differentiated according to their fermentation processes. The results suggest that GC-MS together with multivariate analyses could provide practical reference to recognize different Chinese soy sauces moromi.

Normative Visual Patterns for Hazard Recognition: A Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Approach

Heap-Yih Chong,Mingxuan Liang,Pin-Chao Liao 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.5

Understanding the mental representations used for hazard recognition would help the development of inspection strategies for effective safety management. This study is part of ongoing research to identify hazard recognition patterns based on users’ mental representations. Hence, this study explored normative visual patterns for improving hazard recognition performance using a crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (cs-QCA). Eye-tracking data and visual trajectories were collected using an eye-tracking device in a structural laboratory. A cs-QCA approach was adopted to analyze and summarize normative visual patterns that were used to successfully detect hazards by all participants, namely, potential electrical contact, a large machine with no guardrails, and steel bars dump. The results show that object identification should suffice as the basis for identifying electricity-related hazards, while struck-by hazards should focus on the objects and their pivot points or potential movement trajectories. The experimental design and analytical approach provide new insights into visual analytics in hazard recognition. The research extends and supplements recognition by component theory in the context of construction hazard recognition. The results also provide new and practical references for hazard inspection training, as well as for future development of automated hazard recognition systems.

Identifying Effective Management Factors Across Human Errors – A Case in Elevator Installation

Pin-Chao Liao,Zhangming Ma,Heap-Yih Chong 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.9

Human errors are recognized as the main factor in causing construction accidents. Previous studies mainly focused on justifying theories associated with human errors and hardly quantifying the causal relations between external stimuli and human errors. Hence, the aim of this research is to develop comprehensive management measurements for addressing human errors in construction projects. Deductive reasoning was used to describe the methodological process. Firstly, we constructed a theoretical model of human errors based on Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) and knowledge-combined structure learning algorithm. Then, Bootstrap method was adopted to verify the reliability of network topology, while the similarity-flooding algorithm was used to analyze similarity of factors across various causal models for their commonalities. Subsequently, Bayesian parameter estimation was to analyze the sensitivity of the nodes. The results show that inadequate quality control, design failure and inattention are the most fundamental causes of human errors in promoting safety management. This research has proposed an analytical approach that consolidated the influential mechanics to reflect the overall influence of a root cause in the human error. Ultimately, the research lays an analytical foundation for safety management research in the future.

A System Dynamics Model of Prevention through Design towards Eliminating Human Error

Xinlu Sun,Heap-Yih Chong,Pin-Chao Liao,Dongping Fang,Yanqing Wang 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.5

Theoretically, prevention through design (PtD) is the most effective approach for eliminating human error in the field of construction. However, there is a lack of rigorous empirical analysis regarding the focal point of PtD. Hence, this research aims to develop a system dynamics model that depicts a mechanism for identifying the focal point of PtD and relevant design factors with respect to human error. Elevator installation serves as the scope of the model, and three sub-models of “cognition-behavior,” “environment-cognition,” and “design-environment” are developed. Their quantitative relationships are analyzed based on empirical data prior to the development of the system dynamics model. Subsequently, safety performance is simulated based on an eight-hour work day, and sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine the impact of each design factor on human error. This study provides insights into PtD using various design factors that can be generalized and used to develop safer designs under complex working environments.

A Novel Approach Based on Fluid Dynamics for On-Site Safety Assessment

Mei Liu,Heap-Yih Chong,Pin-Chao Liao 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.5

Construction safety assessment is a major component of safety management in construction projects. However, thus far, most assessment studies have focused on either cross-sectional or longitudinal performance. This study aims to develop a proactive and preliminary safety assessment method using a fluid dynamics (FD) approach by integrating longitudinal contractor performance with cross-sectional safety conditions. To this end, an FD framework was first developed using three processes: (a) identifying the connections between FD principles and safety analogs, (b) incorporating the Darcy–Weisbach equation into the framework, and (c) modifying FD equations for construction safety assessment. Subsequently, two case studies were investigated, and the results obtained were compared and verified with one existing assessment results. The results indicate that the state of safety at a construction site incorporates both the occurrence of hazards and conservation of energy. Thus, the proposed FD approach can be used to preliminarily assess and predict safety conditions by combining safety-related measures with the dynamic characteristics of construction processes. The approach considers a comprehensive range of indicators and parameters, which enables the comparison of safety performance between projects or assessment periods by independently changing parameters.

Design of HUST-PTF beamline control system for fast energy changing

Li Peilun,Li Dong,Qin Bin,Zhou Chong,Han Wenjie,Liao Yicheng,Chen Aote 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.8

A proton therapy facility is under development at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). To meet the need for fast energy changes during treatments, a beamline control system (BCS) has been designed and implemented. The BCS coordinates and controls various beamline devices by adopting a distributed architecture divided into three layers: the client, server, and device layers. Among these, the design of the server layer is the key to realize fast energy changes. The server layer adopts the submodule programming paradigm and optimizes the data interface among modules, allowing the main workflow to be separated from the device workflow and data. Furthermore, this layer uses asynchronous, multithreaded, and thread-locking methods to improve the system's ability to operation efficiently and securely. Notably, to evaluate the changing energy status over time, a dynamic node update method is adopted, which can dynamically adjust the update frequency of variable nodes. This method not only meets the demand for fast updates on energy changes but also reduces the server's communication load in the steady state. This method is tested on a virtual platform, and the results are as expected.

Distinctive Judicial-Tailored Causation References of Construction Accidents

Jiaming Wang,Rui Cheng,Heap-Yih Chong,Pin-Chao Liao 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.8

Accident liability allocation is significant for social justice and industry safety. The allocation of liability between individuals and organizations depends on the judgment of their negligence in accidents. However, current judicial practice does not show a clear distinction between different accident types when allocating liabilities, and there is a lack of scientific evidence to guide the legal decision-making process in liability allocation. Unfortunately, current accident causation research does not sufficiently meet the requirements as scientific evidence to support the realization of more strategic and targeted liability allocation. This study introduces the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method into the field of accident analysis using crisp-set QCA (csQCA) to explore the causal distinctions between fall and non-fall accidents based on the human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS). The results show that organizational influence and unsafe acts distinctively signify fall and non-fall accidents, and that the precondition of unsafe acts is their junction. Theoretically, this study 1) furnishes a QCA tool that allows academic research with uncertainty to be used in the body of evidence that meets the requirements of law, thereby extending the application scope of accident research to the legal practice of liability allocation; and 2) provides meaningful references for the judgment of negligence and accident liability for judicial practice.

Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Xylose Reductase with Higher Activity from Candida tropicalis

Feiwei Zhang,Dairong Qiao,Hui Xu,Chong Liao,Shilin Li,Yi Cao 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.3

Xylose reductase (XR) is a key enzyme in xylose metabolism because it catalyzes the reduction of xylose to xylitol. In order to study the characteristics of XR from Candida tropicalis SCTCC 300249, its XR gene (xyl1) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The fusion protein was purified effectively by Ni2+-chelating chromatography, and the kinetics of the recombinant XR was investigated. The Km values of the C. tropicalis XR for NADPH and NADH were 45.5 µM and 161.9 µM, respectively, which demonstrated that this XR had dual coenzyme specificity. Moreover, this XR showed the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat=1.44×104 min-1) for xylose among the characterized aldose reductases. Batch fermentation was performed with Saccharomyces serivisiae W303-1A:pYES2XR, and resulted in 7.63 g/L cell mass, 93.67 g/L xylitol, and 2.34 g/L·h xylitol productivity. This XR coupled with its dual coenzyme specificity, high activity, and catalytic efficiency proved its utility in in vitro xylitol production.