活性슬러지工程의 最適 運轉因子에 關한 硏究 -江陵下水處理場을 中心으로

崔善道,曺圭敏 三陟大學校 2001 論文集 Vol.34 No.2

A sewage treatment plant which has been operated by the treatment process of conventional activated sludge process and its optimal operating factors depends on a condition of its design and environment. This study was carried out by experiments to exhibit optimal operating factors of the Sludge process. The sewage was inflowed regularly but in winter. The concentration of Inflow water appeared that of spring/summer is higher than that of autumn/winter. The removal rate of BOD/SS sppeared in the order of summer>spring>autumn>winter. MLSS was maintained high in winter/spring, low in summer/autumn, because it changes according to the temperature of the aeration tank and pollutional concentration of the inflow water. The optimal operating factors can improve the process efficiency and operate easily at the sewage treatment plant. The results of this study were summarized as follow; 1) In the winter, it has been measured that DO is 1.5mg/ℓ, MLSS is 2,191mg/ℓ, SV?? Is 15%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.16, SVI is 68, SRT is 10 day, the return rate of sludge is 44%. 2) In the spring, it has been measured that DO is 2.3mg/ℓ, MLSS is 2,047mg/ℓ, SV??is 21%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.15, SVI is 106, SRT is 6 day, the return rate of sludge is 37%. 3)In the summer, it has been measured that DO is 0.8mg/ℓ, MLSS is 1,653mg/ℓ, SV?? is 8.5%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.3, SVI is 51.6, SRT is 4 day, the return rate of sludge is 33%. 4) In the autumn, it has been measured that DO is 0.7mg/ℓ, MLSS is 1,560mg/ℓ, SV?? is 9.7%, a load of BOD-SS(F/M ratio) is 0.17, SVI is 62, SRT is 7.91 day, the return rate of sludge is 38%.

05 포스터 발표 : 수질 환경 분야PW-05 ; 강화도 고구저수지의 물리적 특성 및 수질오염유형에 따른 수질개선방안

최선화 ( Sun Hwa Choi ),김형중 ( Hyung Joong Kim ),김해도 ( Hae Do Kim ),김동환 ( Dong Hwan Kim ),이태호 ( Tae Ho Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

고구저수지는 인천광역시 강화군 교동면 고구리에 1978년에 설치된 농업용 양수저수지이다. 유역은 화개산(259.5m)을 정점으로 형성된 구릉지역으로 강화군 교동면 고구 1, 2리 일부에 해당하는 전형적인 농촌지형이다. 고구저수지는 유역면적이 약 340㏊로 자연 집수구역이 너무 작아 저수지 하류지역 농경배수로에서 물을 양수하여 관개용수로 재사용하고 있다. 농업용수로 사용한 물을 저수지로 양수하고 또 그 물을 농업용수로 공급하는 일련의 과정이 계속 반복됨으로서 저수지의 수질오염을 가중시키고 있다. 오염된 물을 사용하여 농사를 짓는 하류지역 농민들은 친환경농산물인증을 받기 어려워 지속적인 민원을 제기하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 양수저수지인 고구저수지의 물리적 특성과 수질오염특성을 살펴보고, 저수지의 수질개선을 위한 적절한 수질개선대책을 제시하였다.고구저수지의 수질현황은 COD 7.4~8.8 ㎎/L(평균 8.2 ㎎/L), T-N 0.611~1.355 ㎎/L(평균 0.885 ㎎/L), T-P 0.040~0.090 ㎎/L(평균 0.068 ㎎/L)로 조사 시기에 따라 수질의 차이를 보였으며, 양수지점인 농경배수에서의 수질은 COD 6.8~8.0 ㎎/L(평균 7.5 ㎎/L), T-N 0.820~3.960 ㎎/L(평균 2.384 ㎎/L), T-P 0.053~2.122 ㎎/L(평균 1.391 ㎎/L)로 T-N, T-P 농도가 높게 나타났다. 상류유역의 유입배수1은 COD 0.4~4.4 ㎎/L(평균 1.4 ㎎/L), T-N 0.038~3.538 ㎎/L(평균 1.558 ㎎/L), T-P 0.055~4.337 ㎎/L(평균 1.734 ㎎/L)로 T-N, T-P 농도가 높았고, 유입배수2에서는 T-P 농도가 매우 높게 나타났다. 유입배수1과 유입배수2는 저수지 상류부에 위치하고 있는 도로에 의해 분리된 소류지와 수문으로 각각 연결되어 흐름이 거의 없는 정체된 수역을 보이고 있다. 고구저수지는 평균 COD농도가 8.0 ㎎/L이상으로 유기물오염도가 높고, 유효저수량/만수면적 비가 5m이하로 호소 내부적으로 부영양화에 취약한 구조를 가지고 있는 복합원인형에 해당한 저수지이다. 따라서 수질개선방안으로 호 내 DO를 증가시켜 내부생산성을 억제하는 방안과 유입수에 해당하는 농경배수의 수질을 개선시키는 대책들을 제안하였다. 저수지 호내 대책으로는 산소 직접주입법과 호소수 인공순환/폭기법이 있는데 고구저수지는 수면적이 넓기 때문에 인공순환폭기법이 적용 가능 할 것으로 판단된다. 농경배수로는 하천 폭이 넓고 수심이 깊은 자연형태의 수로로 높은 T-N, T-P 농도를 나타내고 있으므로 농경지 인근 휴경지를 거친 후 배수하는 방법과 배수로 내에 설치하는 식생수로, 인공식물섬, Off-line으로 설치하는 인공습지 등이 현장 적용성이 높을 대책 들로 판단되었다.

Aspergillus oryzae를 이용한 캡슐형 메주의 품질특성

최재훈,권선화,이상원,남상해,최상도,박석규 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

전통메주의 표면에서 발행하는 야생곰팡이 착생, 유해곰팡이에 대한 mycotoxin 생성 및 메주 표면의 과도한 건조 등을 해결하기 위하여 메주 외층에 Aspergillus oryzae로 만든 쌀 종국(0.3%, w/w)을 혼합시킨 증자 검정콩으로 얇게 코팅한 후, 25℃, 상대습도 80%에서 14일간 발효시킨 캡슐형 메주를 개발하였다. 캡슐형 메주의 표면에서 야생곰팡이의 오염은 발견되지 않았으나, 대조구 메주는 12일 이후에 푸른곰팡이가 많이 관찰되었다. 메주의 수분 함량은 평균 32.7%로서 34.7~29.4%의 범위를 나타내었다. 적정산도는 캡슐형 메주가 대조구 메주보다 높게 나타났으며, 대두 캡슐형 메주와 검정콩 캡슐형 메주는 비슷하게 나타났다. 유리당의 함량은 검정콩 캡슐형 메주가 123.98㎎%로 대조구 메주 15.02㎎%와 대두 캡슐형 메주 59.85㎎%보다 각각 10배, 2.1배, 높게 나타났다. 아미노산성 질소의 함량은 대조구 메주에서 147.00㎎%였으며, 검정콩 캡슐형 메주는 255.50㎎%로서 대두 캡슐형 메주 187.25㎎%보다 약 1.37배 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 총 유기산의 함량은 캡슐형 메주(대두 119.98㎎%, 검정콩 95.94㎎%)가 대조두 메주(26.44㎎%)보다 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 캡슐화에 따라 lactic acid와 malic acid 가 가장 큰 변화를 나타내었다. 색차계 색도는 검정콩 캡슐형 메주가 대두 캡슐형 메주보다 명도값(L)이 크게 나타났으며 지방산 조성은 메주의 종류에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 총 유리 아미노산의 함량은 검정콩 캡슐형 메주(1039.70㎎%)가 대두 캡슐형 메주 (556.07㎎%)와 대조구 메주(236.45㎎%) 비하여 각각 2.4배, 4.4배 높았다. In order to improve some problems such as contamination of undersirable mold, mycotoxin production and excessive drying on the surface of traditional meju, we developed a capsule type-meju(CM) coated with steamed black bean and Aspergillus oryzae - rice koji(0.3%, w/w) mixture to surface of traditional meju and fermented at 25℃ for 14 days under 80% relative hunmidity. Contamination of undersirable mold on the surface of CM was not detected within 2 weeks and some genus Penicillium molds on control meju without koji were found naturally after 12 days of fermentation. The moisture content of meju was showed to be in the range of 34.7 - 29.4% being 32.7(w/w) of mean value. Titratable acidities in CMs prepared with black bean(BCM) and soybean(SCM) were much higher than that in control meju, and BCM was similar to SCM. Free sugar content in BCM(123.98 ㎎%) was 10 times and 2.1 times higher than that in control meju(15.02 ㎎%) and SCM(59.85㎎%), respectively. Amino type nitrogen content in control meju was 147.00 ㎎% and its content in BCM(255.50㎎%) was 1.37 times higher than that in SCM(187.25 mg%). Total organic acid content in BCM(95.98㎎%) and SCM(119.98㎎%) were much higher than that in control meju(26.44 ㎎%), and then latic and malic acid contents were markedly changed according to capsulation of meju. Lightness value(l) of Hunter color index was much higher in BCM than in SCM. Fatty acid composition of CM was not different as compared to control meju. Total free amino acid content in BCM(1039.70 ㎎%) was 4.4 times and 2.4 times higher than that in control meju(236.45 ㎎%) and SCM(556.07 ㎎%), respectively.

Dipyrazinium Trichromate를 이용한 알코올류의 선택적 산화반응과 그 성질에 관한 연구

최선도,박영조 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2003 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.1

Dipyrazinium Trichromate[(C₄H₄N₂Cr₃O_(10)] was synthesized by the reaction of pyrazine with chromium(Ⅵ) trioxide in 6N HCI. Dipyrazinium Trichromate structure was verified by IR, EA and ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol using Dipyrazinium Trichromate in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant such as cyclohexen < chloroform < acetone < acetonitrile. The oxidation of alcohols was examined by Dipyrazinium Trichromate in DMF. As a result, Dipyrazinium Trichromate was found as efficicent oxidizing agent that converted benzylic alcohol. allylic alcohol. primary alcohol and secondary alcohols to the correspondmg aldehydes or ketones. The selective oxidation of alcohols was also examined by Dipyrazinium Trichromate in DYF. Dipyrazinium Trichromate was selective oxidizing agent of benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary alcohols.

2-Methylpyrazinium Chlorochromate를 이용한 치환 벤질알코올류의 산화반응 속도

최선도,박영조 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2003 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.1

2-Methylpyrazinium chlorochromate(2-MPC) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-methylpyrazine with chromium(Ⅵ) trioxide in 6M HCI. 2-MPC structure was verified by IR. EA and ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol using 2-MPC in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant's order: cyclohexen < chloroform < acetone < acetonitrile. In the presence of acid. 2-MPC oxidized the substituted benzyl alcohols in N,N-dimethylformamide. The Hammett reaction constant p was -0.68 at 303K. The observed experimental data was used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate-determining step

回轉圓板의 應力擴大係數에 관한 硏究 : Stress Freezing Method of Photoelastic Experiment

최선호,이충섭,권재도,황재석 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1986 연구보고 Vol.14 No.2

It is well known fact that the stress distributions in the vicinity of crack tip and fracture problems are governed by stress intensity factor which is presented as a function of the crack shape, boundary condition and loading mode etc. In. the determination of the stress intensity factor, there are many theoritical and experimental methods. Among them the stress freezing method of photoelastic experiment has been considered to be one of the most accurate experimental methods which have been used for stress analysis. In this paper, this method was applied to the rotating disk with inner arbitrary crack. The results of photoelastic experiment for disk with various straight cracks, radial and others which are oblique to the radical direction were as follows. In case of radial crack, in comparison with the results of photoelastic experiment obtained by stress freezing method and the theoritical solutions of Blauel, stress freezing method is fully available for analysis of uniform dynamic status.

하악골 결손부의 골형성에 미치는 Bioplant HTRⓡ의 영향

최도현,유선열,김옥준,허원실 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.1

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of HTR□ (Hard Tissue Replacement) on osteogenesis in the mandibular bone defects. Eight adult male white rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3.0kg were used. Four bone defects (8mm in diameter and 4mm in depth) were made at the both mandibular body. In the control group, the right mesial bone defect was filled with blood clot and spontaneously healed, In the DFDB group, the right distal bone defect was filled with xenogenic demineralized freeze-dried bone. In the HTR□ group, the left mesial bone defect was filled with HTR□. In the HTR□-membrane group, the left dis- tal bone defect was filled with HTR□ and covered with BioMesh membrane. The rabbits were sacrified at 2,4,6 and 9 weeks after the operation and microscopic examination was performed. Results obtained were as follows: In the control and DFDB groups, inflammatory cells and the fibrous connective tissue existed and the bone growth was slower than HTR□ group by 6 week, and there was intervention of the soft tissue at 9 week. In the HTR□ group, bone trabeculi extended between the HTR□ particles without intervention of inflammatory cells and the connective tissue at 4 and 6 weeks. In addition, extensive osseous ingrowth into the HTR□ particles was observed at 9 week. Bone formation was more active in the HTR□ group than the control and DFDB groups. There was not obvious difference in the bone healing rate between the HTR□ and the HTR□-membrane group. These results suggest that the HTR□ promotes osteogenesis in the bone defects and the HTR□ group has no difference in comparison with the HTR□-BioMesh□ membrane group in bone healing.

Isoquinolinium Dichromate에 의한 Alcohol류의 산화반응 속도론과 메카니즘

최선도,박영조,이은주 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2003 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.2

Isoquinolinium dichromate[(C_(9)H_(7)NH)₂Cr₂O_(7)] was synthesized by the reaction of isoquinoline with chromium(VI) trioxide in water. isoquinolinium dichromate[(C_(9)H_(7)NH)₂Cr₂O_(7)] structure was verified by IR. EA and ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol by isoquinolinium dichromate[(C_(9)H_(7)NH)₂Cr₂O_(7)] in carious solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant s order: cyclohexen < chloroform < acetone < acetonitrile. In the presence of acid, isoquinolinium dichromate [(C_(9)H_(7)NH)₂Cr₂O_(7)] oxidized the substituted benzyl alcohols in N,N-dimethylformamide. The Hammett reaction constant p was -0.69 at 303K. The observed experimental data was used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate-determining step.

하악골 결손부의 골형성에 미치는 Bioplant® HTR(Hard Tissue Replacement)의 영향

최도현,유선열 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2001 구강과학 Vol.13 No.4

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of HTR® (Hard Tissue Replacement) on osteogenesis in the mandibular bone defects. Eight adult male white rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3.0 kg were used. Four bone defects (8 mm in diameter and 4 mm in depth) were made at the both mandibular body. In the control group, the right mesial bone defect was filled with blood clot and spontaneously healed. In the DFDB group, the right distal bone defect was filled with xenogenic demineralized freeze-dried bone. In the HTR® group, the left mesial bone defect was filled with HTR®. In the HTR®-membrane group, the left distal bone defect was filled with HTR® and covered with BioMesh® membrane. The rabbits were sacrified at 2, 4, 6 and 9 weeks after the operation and microscopic examination was performed. Results obtained were as follows: In the control and DFDB groups, inflammatory cells and the fibrous connective tissue existed and the bone growth was slower than HTR® group by 6 week, and there was intervention of the soft tissue at 9 week. In the HTR® group, bone trabeculi extended between the HTR® particles without intervention of inflammatory cells and the connective tissue at 4 and 6 weeks. In addition, extensive osseous ingrowth into the HTR® particles was observed at 9 week. Bone formation was more active in the HTR® group than the control and DFDB groups. There was not obvious difference in the bone healing rate between the HTR® and the HTR®-membrane group. These results suggest that the HTR® promotes osteogenesis in the bone defects and the HTR® group has no difference in comparison with the HTR®-BioMesh® membrane group in bone healing.

크롬(VI)-2,4'-bipyridine 착물을 이용한 벤질 알코올의 산화반응 속도

최선도,박영조 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2002 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

Cr(VI)-2,4'-bipyridine complex(2,4'-BPCC) was synthesized by the reaction of 2,4'-bipyridine with chromium(VI) trioxide in 6M hydrochloric acid. 2,4'-BPCC structure was verified by IR, EA and ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol using 2.4'-BPCC in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant such as chloroform<dichloromethane<acetone<N,N'-dimethylformamide<acetonitrile. Kinetic mesurement was performed by gas chromatographic and electrochemical methods. By the former method, rate constant of benzyl alcohol was 1.82×10-6s-1DMF system, but the latter one gave 2.93×10-4s-1 for 2.4'-BPCC and 4.46×10-4s-1 for 2-MPCC. The electrochemical method was more effective, and according to its steric advantage, oxidant, 2-MPCC was best one of the used oxidants.