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Seonhee Choi,Sampath Senarathna,Gibum Kim 한국디지털포렌식학회 2017 디지털 포렌식 연구 Vol.11 No.1
Cybercrime is a growing problem in Sri Lanka. Offenses such as hacking, identity theft, internet fraud, and child pornography/obscenity are repeatedly reported. The government has taken an active stance on this issue, e.g. by joining the Budapest Cybercrime Convention in 2015. It was the earliest move among Asian countries. With that, the country is taking various measures to enhance policing in cyberspace. This paper will review the current status of the Sri Lankan cybercrime and its responses through the crime statistics and major cases. Then we will discuss policies and their limitations in seven categories - ① national strategies, ② substantive and procedural laws, ③ organization, ④ crimes reporting, ⑤ education and training, ⑥ international cooperation, and ⑦ digital forensics. After the discussion, we have come up with suggestions to solve the problems. We believe that the Sri Lanka may benefit if it would ① build national cybercrime strategies, ② reinforce its human and organizational resources, ③ design training programs and foster trainers, ④ extend participation in international law enforcement activities, ⑤ deploy the nationwide digital forensics service, and finally ⑥ make laws to underline qualifications for the digital forensic professionals.
Choi, Su-jeong,Piao, Shuyu,Nagar, Harsha,Jung, Saet-byel,Kim, Seonhee,Lee, Ikjun,Kim, Sung-min,Song, Hee-Jung,Shin, Nara,Kim, Dong Woon,Irani, Kaikobad,Jeon, Byeong Hwa,Park, Jeen-Woo,Kim, Cuk-Seong Elsevier 2018 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.503 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is an essential enzyme in the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and thereby defends against oxidative stress. We have shown that IDH2 downregulation results in mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mouse endothelial cells. The redox enzyme p66shc is a key factor in regulating the level of ROS in endothelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that IDH2 knockdown-induced mitochondrial dysfunction stimulates endothelial inflammation, which might be regulated by p66shc-mediated oxidative stress. Our results showed that IDH2 downregulation led to mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes I, II, and IV, reducing oxygen consumption, and depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The dysfunction not only increased mitochondrial ROS levels but also activated p66shc expression in HUVECs and IDH2 knockout mice. IDH2 deficiency increased intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and interleukin [IL]-1β) in HUVECs. The mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells and plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were also markedly elevated in IDH2 knockout mice. However, p66shc knockdown rescued IDH2 deficiency-induced mitochondrial ROS levels, monocyte adhesion, ICAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression in HUVECs. These findings suggest that IDH2 deficiency induced endothelial inflammation via p66shc-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> IDH2 deficiency triggers severe mitochondrial dysfunction in HUVECs. </LI> <LI> IDH2 deficiency induces endothelial inflammation by the increased mitochondrial ROS and p66shc expression. </LI> <LI> p66shc mediated IDH2 deficiency-induced inflammatory molecule expression in HUVECs. </LI> </UL> </P>
Seonhee Ahn,Tae Jong Son,Yoonsuk Jang,Jihyun Choi,Young Joon Park,Jiseon Seong,Hyun Hee Kwon,Muk Ju Kim,Donghyok Kwon 질병관리본부 2023 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.14 No.3
Objectives: Healthcare facilities are high-risk sites for infection. This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a tertiary hospital after COVID-19 vaccination had been introduced in Republic of Korea. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) and shared anti-infection strategies are also assessed.Methods: The risk levels for 4,074 contacts were evaluated. The epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases were evaluated using the chi-square test. The “1 minus relative risk” method was used to determine VE in preventing infection, progression to severe disease, and death. In the largest affected area (the 8th floor), a separate relative risk analysis was conducted. A multivariate logistic regression analysis (with 95% confidence interval [CIs]) was used to identify transmission risk factors with a significance level <10% via the backward elimination method.Results: In total, 181 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed, with an attack rate of 4.4%. Of those cases, 12.7% progressed to severe disease, and 8.3% died. In the cohort isolation area on the 8th floor, where 79.0% of the confirmed cases occurred, the adjusted odds ratio was 6.55 (95% CI, 2.99–14.33) and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.24–3.88) for caregivers and the unvaccinated group, respectively. VE analysis revealed that 85.8% of the cases that progressed to severe disease and 78.6% of the deaths could be prevented by administering a second vaccine.Conclusion: Caregiver training for infection prevention and control is necessary to reduce infection risk. Vaccination is an important intervention to reduce the risk of progression to severe disease and death.
Lim, Seonhee,Song, Insil,Guengerich, F. Peter,Choi, Jeong-Yun American Chemical Society 2012 Chemical research in toxicology Vol.25 No.8
<P>Archaeal and eukaryotic B-family DNA polymerases (pols) mainly replicate chromosomal DNA but stall at lesions, which are often bypassed with Y-family pols. In this study, a B-family pol Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) from the euryarchaeon <I>Thermococcus litoralis</I> was studied with three types of DNA lesions<I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-alkylG, <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-alkylG, and an abasic (AP) sitein comparison with a model Y-family pol Dpo4 from <I>Sulfolobus solfataricus</I>, to better understand the effects of various DNA modifications on binding, bypass efficiency, and fidelity of pols. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) readily bypassed <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-methyl(Me)G and <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG, but was strongly blocked at <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-benzyl(Bz)G and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG, whereas Dpo4 efficiently bypassed <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-MeG and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG and partially bypassed <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG and <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-BzG. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) bypassed an AP site to an extent greater than Dpo4, corresponding with steady-state kinetic data. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) showed ∼110-, 180-, and 300-fold decreases in catalytic efficiency (<I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>) for nucleotide insertion opposite an AP site, <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-MeG, and <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG but ∼1800- and 5000-fold decreases opposite <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-BzG and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG, respectively, as compared to G, whereas Dpo4 showed little or only ∼13-fold decreases opposite <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-MeG and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG but ∼260–370-fold decreases opposite <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG, <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-BzG, and the AP site. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) preferentially misinserted G opposite <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-MeG, T opposite <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG, and A opposite an AP site and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-BzG, while Dpo4 favored correct C insertion opposite those lesions. Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) and Dpo4 both bound modified DNAs with affinities similar to unmodified DNA. Our results indicate that Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) is as or more efficient as Dpo4 in synthesis opposite <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG and AP lesions, whereas Dpo4 is much or more efficient opposite (only) <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-alkylGs than Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>), irrespective of DNA-binding affinity. Our data also suggest that Vent (exo<SUP>–</SUP>) accepts nonbulky DNA lesions (e.g., <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>- or <I>O</I><SUP>6</SUP>-MeG and an AP site) as manageable substrates despite causing error-prone synthesis, whereas Dpo4 strongly favors minor-groove <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-alkylG lesions over major-groove or noninstructive lesions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/crtoec/2012/crtoec.2012.25.issue-8/tx300168p/production/images/medium/tx-2012-00168p_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/tx300168p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>