Yangban as an Upwardly Open Elite Status Group : Historical-Structural Tracking in Comparative Perspective

Hein Cho 한국학중앙연구원 1998 THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.1 No.-

The Historical Origin of Civil Society in Korea

Cho Hein The Academy of Korean Studies 1997 Korea Journal Vol.37 No.2

세계의 깸

조혜인(Cho Hein) 한국사회학회 1996 韓國社會學 Vol.30 No.SP

이념형의 차별적 다원성

조혜인 ( Hein Cho ) 한국사회사학회 2006 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.71

Ideal type is an extremely significant methodological tool for the study of society and history. The concept of ideal type was derived from Max Weber`s pluralistic world view. The finite human mind can only draw a partial picture of any given object. The values, or the problematic, of the researcher will come into play when he focuses on a specific aspect of the object and draws such a partial picture, or an ideal type. Weber suggested that because the store of values is inexhaustible, ever new and different ideal types might be possible. This paper sought to clarify whether or not the infinite plurality of ideal types might be equally important in terms of their ontological positions in the object or in terms of the practical desirability of their values. We concluded that both ontology and praxiology postulate an emergent though ultimately unfixable order of priority. A certain ideal type can be more important than another because it focuses on a more important aspect of the object itself or because it is related to more important ethical goodness. Thus, ideal types are differentially pluralistic. However, which aspect or goodness is more important cannot be determined decidedly. And there always remains room for competition for the ultimately unfixable order of priority.

공동체적 토대위의 참된 자유 : 사회학과 유교에서 찾아 본 나란한 인식 Parallel Conceptions in Sociology and Confucianism

조혜인 서강대학교 사회과학연구소 2002 社會科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

영미 정치학이나 경재학의 전통에서는 자유의 사회 내지 공동체적 토대를 소극적으로 전제하였고 더 나아가 칸트적 인식의 전통에서는 자유 개념 속에 도덕적 질서의 구심적 역할을 포함시켰다. 사회학에서는 그러한 자유의 닻을 보다 적극적으로 포착하려는 노력을 기울여 왔다. 자유의 공동체적 토대를 드러내려는 관심이 사회학 안의 다양한 전통의 경계를 넘어서 면면히 이어져 내려 온 것이다. 그런데 자유의 공동체적 토대에 대한 관심은 우리 쪽의 유교 전통에서도 자리잡아 왔었다. 실은 유교 전통에서는 그것이 훨씬 더 강하게 존재하였다고 말할 수 있는데 그 한 가지 이유는 유교와 상호작용을 하던 노장의 사상 속에 어떤점에서 서구에서 보다 훨씬 심한 자유의 개념이 존재하였기 때문이다. 유교는 그에 대해 공동체적 토대를 강조하는데 그 만큼 더 주력하였다고 할 수 있기 때문에 자유 개념에 해당하는 담론은 유교의 안팎에서 확산적으로 이루어지게 되었다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 유교는 자유를 결정화된 개념으로 형성시키지 못했는데 서구의 자유 개념은 유교의 잠재적 자유 개념이 뚜렷한 모양을 갖추도록 자극을 즐 수 있다. 그것은 서구 전통이 우리 전통에 줄 수 있는 한가지 창조적 도전이라고 할 수 있다. Political scientists and economists haved presupposed some communitarian foundation of freedom. Kant went further when he highlighted the centripetal force wielded by the moral order for freedom. Sociologists have endeavored to bring into relief the communitarian anchor of freedom. Across-the-board concern with the societal foundation of freedom has maintained by sociologists from diverse schools. A similar concern might be found in the tradition of Confucianism. In fact, Confucianism used to reveal much stronger interests in the phenomenon because of its critical interactions with Taoism, where there was an equivalent concept of freedom in a much more intense form. Confucians were all the more preoccupied with the task of counterbalancing it with a solid communitarian anchor. Thus, a discourse used to take plate in a rather diffuse way in the intellectual tradition of the East However, Confucianism has failed to crystallize the latent concept of freedom, which can be maifested by a stimulus from its Western counterpart. It is a creative challenge the Western tradition gives our intellectual heritage.

4-week Repeated Dose Oral Toxicity Study of Copper Nanoparticles in Rats

Je Hein Kim,Sang Joon Lee,Tae Kil Tak,Ju Hong Lee,Bok Im Cho,Na Hyun Kim,Jun Gil Choi,Jeong Doo Heo 한국실험동물학회 2015 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.8

Analysis of osteogenic potential on 3mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals and two different niobium oxide containing zirconia ceramics

Aung Thu Hein,Young-Dan Cho,Ye-Hyeon Jo,Dae-Joon Kim,Jung-Suk Han 대한치과보철학회 2018 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.10 No.2

PURPOSE. This study was performed to evaluate the osteogenic potential of 3mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) and niobium oxide containing Y-TZPs with specific ratios, new (Y,Nb)-TZPs, namely YN4533 and YN4533/Al20 discs. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 3Y-TZP, YN4533 and YN4533/Al20 discs (15 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness) were prepared and their average surface roughness (Ra) and surface topography were analyzed using 3-D confocal laser microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto all zirconia discs and evaluated with regard to cell attachment and morphology by (CLSM), cell proliferation by PicoGreen assay, and cell differentiation by Reverse-Transcription PCR and Quantitative Real-Time PCR, and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) staining. RESULTS. The cellular morphology of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts was more stretched on a smooth surface than on a rough surface, regardless of the material. Cellular proliferation was higher on smooth surfaces, but there were no significant differences between 3Y-TZP, YN4533, and YN4533/Al20. Osteoblast differentiation patterns on YN4533 and YN4533/Al20 were similar to or slightly higher than seen in 3Y-TZP. Although there were no significant differences in bone marker gene expression (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin), Alp staining indicated better osteoblast differentiation on YN4533 and YN4533/Al20 compared to 3Y-TZP. CONCLUSION. Based on these results, niobium oxide containing Y-TZPs have comparable osteogenic potential to 3Y-TZP and are expected to be suitable alternative ceramics dental implant materials to titanium for aesthetically important areas.

How History Is Viewed in the North and in the South

KANG MAN-GIL,Hein Cho(번역자) The Academy of Korean Studies 1990 Korea Journal Vol.30 No.2

Bright visible light emission from graphene

Kim, Young Duck,Kim, Hakseong,Cho, Yujin,Ryoo, Ji Hoon,Park, Cheol-Hwan,Kim, Pilkwang,Kim, Yong Seung,Lee, Sunwoo,Li, Yilei,Park, Seung-Nam,Shim Yoo, Yong,Yoon, Duhee,Dorgan, Vincent E.,Pop, Eric,Hein Nature Publishing Group 2015 Nature nanotechnology Vol.10 No.8

Graphene and related two-dimensional materials are promising candidates for atomically thin, flexible and transparent optoelectronics. In particular, the strong light–matter interaction in graphene has allowed for the development of state-of-the-art photodetectors, optical modulators and plasmonic devices. In addition, electrically biased graphene on SiO<SUB>2</SUB> substrates can be used as a low-efficiency emitter in the mid-infrared range. However, emission in the visible range has remained elusive. Here, we report the observation of bright visible light emission from electrically biased suspended graphene devices. In these devices, heat transport is greatly reduced. Hot electrons (∼2,800 K) therefore become spatially localized at the centre of the graphene layer, resulting in a 1,000-fold enhancement in thermal radiation efficiency. Moreover, strong optical interference between the suspended graphene and substrate can be used to tune the emission spectrum. We also demonstrate the scalability of this technique by realizing arrays of chemical-vapour-deposited graphene light emitters. These results pave the way towards the realization of commercially viable large-scale, atomically thin, flexible and transparent light emitters and displays with low operation voltage and graphene-based on-chip ultrafast optical communications.

Epigenetic modification of glucocorticoid receptor promoter I₇ in maternally separated and restraint-stressed rats

Park, Sung Woo,Lee, Jung Goo,Seo, Mi Kyoung,Ly, Nguyen Ngoc,Lee, Chan Hong,Cho, Hye Yeon,Hein, Le Thi,Choi, Ah Jeong,Kim, Gyung-Mee,Kim, Young Hoon Elsevier/North-Holland 2017 Neuroscience letters Vol.650 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) promoter I<SUB>7</SUB> is susceptible to epigenetic changes induced by environmental influences. Early life stress (ELS) has a persistent impact on GR expression, as well as behavior, in adult rodents via epigenetic changes of GR promoter I<SUB>7</SUB>. Moreover, various stressors can induce histone modifications in this region during adulthood. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether maternally separated (MS) rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (RS) would exhibit histone modifications of GR promoter I<SUB>7</SUB> in the hippocampus. Rats were subjected to MS (3h per day) on postnatal days (PND) 1–21. Then, during adulthood (PND 56–77), the rats were exposed to RS (2h per day) followed by treatment with escitalopram (10mg/kg). The MS and RS groups exhibited significant decreases in total and exon I<SUB>7</SUB> GR mRNA levels and the combination of MS and RS exerted a greater effect on these mRNA levels than either MS or RS alone. Additionally, both the MS and RS groups showed significant reductions in histone H3 acetylation at GR promoter I<SUB>7</SUB> and the combination of MS and RS had a greater effect than did either MS or RS alone. Chronic escitalopram treatment ameliorated these changes. The present results indicate that postnatal MS and adult RS influence GR expression through histone modification at GR promoter I<SUB>7</SUB>, and that the combination of the two stressors potentiates these changes. Furthermore, epigenetic mechanisms are involved in escitalopram action.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Epigenetic modification of GR promoter I<SUB>7</SUB> is induced by environmental factors. </LI> <LI> Postnatal maternal separation and adult restraint stress reduce the GR expression. </LI> <LI> These stressors reduce the histone H3 acetylation at GR promoter I<SUB>7</SUB>. </LI> <LI> The combination of the two stressors potentiates these reductions. </LI> <LI> These epigenetic changes are recovered by antidepressant drug escitalopram. </LI> </UL> </P>