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Repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity of Kaolin in Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats
Je-Hein Kim,Ju-Hong Lee,Jae-Hwan Kim,Il-Mo Kang,Jeong-Doo Heo 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
Kaolin is a naturally occurring clay mineral consisting of aluminum silicate. Kaolin is used in cosmetic, toothpaste, paint. People can be exposed to kaolin in the workplace by the powder or from skin or eye contact. In this study, we used the kaolin from South Korea to investigate the potential toxicity of kaolin in Spraque-Dawley(SD) rats. 7-week-old male SD rats were administered by oral gavage, once per day for 90 days. Those were separated into 5 groups (5 female and 5 male for each group) and given four dose of 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg test article or vehicle for a period of 90 days. We were measured clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy, gross findings, histopathology and organ weights. The treated animals survived throughout the study period and did not reveal any treatment related major abnormal clinical signs at the tested dose levels. The overall percent body weight gain in rats treated with the test material was found to be normal during the 90-day observation period and no abnormalities were observed in the necropsy. Hematology and serum biochemistry revealed no evidence of specific toxicity to test material. These results that, NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) is considered to be more than 2000 mg/kg/day in both sexes.
Heo, Yunwi,Pyo, Min-Jung,Bae, Seong Kyeong,Lee, Hyunkyoung,Kwon, Young Chul,Kim, Je Hein,Kim, Bokyung,Kim, Choul Goo,Kang, Changkeun,Kim, Euikyung Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2015 No.-
<P>Bee venom (BV) from honey bee (<I>Apis mellifera L</I>.) has been used in oriental medicine and cosmetic ingredients because of its diverse pharmacological activities. In many studies, among BV components, phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> (PLA<SUB>2</SUB>) is known as a major player in BV-induced allergic reaction. Therefore, we removed PLA<SUB>2</SUB> from BV using ultrafiltration and then investigated <I>in vitro</I> phototoxicity and <I>in vivo</I> skin sensitization of PLA<SUB>2</SUB>-free BV (PBV) in comparison with regular BV. The 3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity assay can be appropriated to identify the phototoxic effect of a test substance upon the exposure of ultraviolet A. Chlorpromazine, a positive control, showed high levels of photoirritation factor and mean photo effect values, while BV and PBV had less of these values. Local lymph node assay is an alternative method to evaluate skin sensitization potential of chemicals. BALB/c mice were treated with <I>p</I>-phenylenediamine (PPD, positive control), BV, or PBV. In all of PPD concentrations, stimulation indexes (SI) as sensitizing potential of chemicals were ≥1.6, determined to be sensitizer, while SI levels of BV and PBV were below 1.6. Thus, based on these findings, we propose that both BV and PBV are nonphototoxic compounds and nonsensitizers.</P>
A study on skin and ocular irritation tests of growth factor and cytokine mixtures
Du Hyeon Hwang,Je-hein Kim,hyojong Lee,Changkeun Kang,Euikyung Kim 한국예방수의학회 2019 예방수의학회지 Vol.43 No.4
Growth factors and cytokines play an important role in delaying skin aging. However, there has been no animal stability test reported for them yet. In the present study, we examined the plausibility of Growth factor and Cytokine Mixtures (GCM) as a cosmetic ingredient by assessing skin irritation and ocular irritation for hypersensitivity using New Zealand white rabbits. Skin safety study was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of GCM based on the irritation test. For the irritation test, GCM was applied to the rabbit skin, and no adverse reaction, such as erythema and edema, had been observed from the exposed skin sites. In the ocular irritation test, the treatment of GCM did not cause any adverse reaction on rabbit eyes, including cornea, iris, and conjunctiva tissues. From the results, both tests proved that GCM makes no irritable reaction on skin and eye mucous membrane of rabbit. Hence, it may be suggested that GCM can be safely applied as a cosmeceutical ingredient without causing any significant hypersensitivity reaction.
Pectolinarigenin suppresses the tumor growth in gastric cancer
Ho Jeong Lee,Ju Hong Lee,Je-Hein Kim,Jeong Doo Heo 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
Gastric cancer (GC) is identified as the second leading cause of death as one of the common recorded cancer cases in the world. Even though the mortality rate of gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide and it is still the most prevalent cancer in Eastern Asis. It is known the natural flavonoid, pectolinarigenin (PEC) contains in Cirsium chanroenicum and citrus fruits. In a previous study, we investigated the mechanism of PEC-induced cellular response such as apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer cells. In the present study, we conducted the anti-cancer effect of PEC by xenograft mouse model. AGS human gastric cancer cells were cultured and subcutaneous to Balb/c nude mice to make a xenograft mouse model was established to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of PEC in vivo. After finished in vivo experiment, mice were sacrificed and tear off the tumor for comparative proteomic analysis was performed to identify proteins associated with PEC-suppressed tumor. We observed their tumor volume and tumor weight reduced in the PEC treatment group than the control group, that treatment of PEC suppressed tumor in the xenograft mice model dose-dependent manner. In addition, body weight and hematological analysis showed that PEC was not toxic in the xenograft mice model. We identified 616 proteins related to cellular response such as tumorigenesis and cell death signal in the tumor of xenograft mice model by LC-MS analysis. Thus, PEC treatment might suppress the tumor growth of GC and the proteomic analysis provides basic information about target proteins that are important for novel GC therapeutic agent. In a further study, we will find out which proteins play a role in GC suppression.