식민지 예술가의 주변적 정체성과 모던 감성 개발 프로젝트 -김내성의 변격탐정소설 연구-

김지영 ( Chiyoung Kim ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2017 民族文化硏究 Vol.77 No.-

이 글은 김내성의 변격탐정소설이 어떠한 시대적 환경과 조건 속에서 탄생하였으며, 공포를 쾌락화하는 이 같은 대중소설 양식이 식민지 후반 현실 위에서 어떠한 사회문화적 욕망과 정체성을 반영하고 있었는지 탐구했다. 김내성의 변격소설은 ‘예술’이라는 생경한 관념에 대한 근대 문인들의 오래된 갈망을 악마파/유미주의라는 문예사조의 재현을 통해 탐정소설의 문법 내부에 구현하려 했던 시도였다. 괴기적 소설 양식의 도입저변에는 세계적 시간성을 지시하는 카테고리로서 근대의 시대감각과 감수성을 자기화하고자 했던 자기교양화의 욕망이 잠재해 있었다. 잔인하고 무서운 사건과 어둡고 음울한 인간 심리의 접속을 통해 예술성을 추구하는 양식의 도입은, 그로테스크한 예술이라는 모더니티의 심연을 내면화함으로써 예술가 자신의 모더니티를 증명하려는 욕망의 산물인 셈이다. 그러나 이 모더니티는 그것이 ‘증명’되어야 하는 만큼 삶의 현실과 거리를 둔 것이기도 했다. 변격소설의 예술가 주인공들은 모더니티에 대한 강렬한 선망과 열정에도 불구하고, 진정한 모더니티의 주인공이 될 가능성이 제한된 식민지 청년이자 예술가들이었다. 살인까지 불사하는 사랑의 갈망과 강렬한 예술의 열정 이면에는 근대적 주체되기의 가능성이 제한된 식민지 청년의 조바심과 우울증이 숨어 있다. 이들에게 열정과 예술은 위기에 빠진 모던 청년의 주체성을 회복하고 우월성을 확인하는 유력한 통로였다. 정열적 연애와 악마적 예술은 스스로 가 닿을 수 없는 모더니티의 심연에 맞서는 무기인 동시에, 저열한 조선의 현실을 초월하는 도약의 지렛대인 것이다. 그러나 괴물성 자체보다 괴물성에 대한 강조가 전경화된 서사구조 속에서 독자 대중은 인간 내면의 불합리 그 자체보다는 불합리의 합리화를 공유해야 했다. 자아 내부의 타자성에 대한 자각보다는 괴기, 공포 예술을 합리화하는 논리가 전면화된 것이다. 청년 주인공들은 사랑에 빠짐으로써 모더니티가 약속하는 자유로운 사랑과 행복에 다가가려 했지만, 자유와 행복이 내재하는 무게와 책임을 감당하지 못했다. 변화를 감내하고 수용하며 끊임없이 새로워질 것을 요구하는 모더니티의 명령, 끝없는 자기혁신과 갱생의 의무를 이들은 이해하지도 수용하지도 못했다. 때문에 이들의 살인은 괴기적 예술성을 알리바이로 질투의 감정 속에 숨은 전래의 윤리의식을 표출하고 정당화하는 복수행위 이상이기 어려웠다. 모더니티의 절정에 도달하고자 하는 열정의 폭주는, 기실 재래의 윤리를 통해, 닿을 수 없는 근대라는 공포에 가하는 엑소시즘에 다름 아닌 셈이다. 근대가 지향하는 자유와 행복의 약속 아래 숨어 있는 자기갱생의 의무와 책임을 극한적 정념의 분출로 묻어버리고 유동하는 모더니티의 공포로 장악하려 한 위악적 태도를 통해, 변격소설의 주인공들은 스스로의 약점을 가리고 우월한 주체되기를 시도했다. 그런 점에서 변격탐정소설이 지향했던 공포의 예술성은 모더니티에 대한 동경과 두려움이 분열적으로 함께 거주했던 식민지적 주체성의 또 다른 발현이었다고 할 수 있다. This article examined what kind of environment and desire made it possible to give a birth of a collateral detective stories of Kim Nae-seong and what kind of socio-cultural meaning was cast on the reality of the later colonial period in Korea in which the emotion of fear had become one of a pleasure in the realm of popular literature. The novel of Kim Nae-seong embodied the old desire of modern literarians for the cosmological notion of 'art' within the structure of a detective novel by recreating the literary trend of diabolism. By introducing the style of horror novel, Kim described the young artists′ desire of self-cultivation for modernity to direct that they were accompanied by global temporality. The introduction of artistic pursuit through brutal and horrific events and through dark and dismal human psychology was a product of desire for the colonial youths to prove their ability to be a modern subject. The protagonists of those novel, who were described as young artists, wanted to internalize the profundity of the alleged modernity by proving their potential to draw grotesque art, which was considered as cutting edge of modernity. However, this modernity was far from the reality of their life as it had to be 'proved'. Despite the intense ambition and enthusiasm for modernity, the protagonists of Kim’s collateral novels were colonial young artists with a limited likelihood of being a true modern hero. In the passion of love and of intense artistic inspiration which was considered to be immortalized by murder, there were such emotion of impatience and depression of the colonial artists whose possibility to be a modern subject were highly limited to be realized. The intense passion which were formed into the art works were a viable pathway to restore the young artists′ subjectivity and to ascertain their superiority in crisis. However, in the narrative structure in which the emphasis on monstrousness was more prevalent than the monster nature itself, readers had to share the ‘rationalization’ of the irrationality rather than the irrationality itself.

Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of conjugated dendrimers with 2,4,6-triaryl-1,3,5-triazine periphery

Kim, Chae Kyu,Song, Eun Seok,Kim, Hyung Joo,Park, Chiyoung,Kim, Young Chul,Kim, Jai Kyeong,Yu, Jae Woong,Kim, Chulhee Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.44 No.1

<P>We have synthesized conjugated dendrimer with triazine peripheries, and their luminescence properties were investigated. The dendrimers consist of dendritic triazine wedges for electron transport, distyrylbenzene core as an emitting moiety, and t-butyl peripheral groups for good processing properties. The dendrimers have LUMO values of about −2.7 eV possibly because of the triazine moiety with high electron affinity. Photoluminescence study indicates that energy transfer occurs from the triazine wedges to the stilbene bridge, and finally to the core chromophore units due to a cascade decrease of bandgap from the peripheral wedge to core moiety. Therefore, the emission wavelength was determined by the structure of the core unit. The energy transfer efficiency of distyrylbenzene-cored dendrimers was about 75 and 55% for Trz-1GD-DSB and Trz-2GD-DSB, respectively. A preliminary electroluminescence property also was investigated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 254–263, 2006</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>We have synthesized conjugated dendrimer with triazine peripheries, and their luminescence properties were investigated. PL study indicates that the energy transfer occurs from the triazine wedges to the stilbene bridge, and finally to the core chromophore units because of a cascade decrease of bandgap from the peripheral wedge to core moiety. With increasing the generation from the first to the second, the energy transfer efficiency decreased due to the increase of distance between the donor and acceptor. The dendrimers have LUMO values of about −2.7 eV and the EL spectra of dendrimers showed emission maximum at 460 nm. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2006-44-1-POLA21142-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2006-44-1-POLA21142-gra001'> </P>

Conjugated dendrimers with triazine peripheries and a distyrylanthracene core

Kim, Chae Kyu,Song, Eun Seok,Kim, Hyung Joo,Park, Chiyoung,Kim, Jai Kyeong,Kim, Young Chul,Yu, Jae Woong,Kim, Chulhee Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.44 No.20

<P>We describe the synthesis and luminescence characterization of conjugated dendrimers with triazine peripheries and a distyrylanthracene core that are suitable for electroluminescence applications. The dendrimers consist of dendritic triazine wedges with high electron affinity, stilbene branches, and a distyrylanthracene core as an emitting moiety. The dendrimers have lowest unoccupied molecular orbital values of about −2.7 eV. Photoluminescence studies have indicated that a cascade energy transfer occurs from the triazine wedges to the stilbene bridges and finally to the distyrylanthracene core. Thus, the emission wavelength is determined by the distyrylanthracene core unit. The energy-transfer efficiency of the distyrylanthracene-cored dendrimers is about 47 and 20% for the first and second generations, respectively. A preliminary electroluminescence property investigation has also been conducted. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5855–5862, 2006</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>We describe the synthesis and luminescence characteristics of conjugated dendrimers with triazine peripheries, stilbene branch units, and a distyrylanthracene core. Photoluminescence studies have indicated that energy transfer occurs from the dendritic wedges to the distyrylanthracene core. Thus, the emission wavelength is determined by the distyrylanthracene core unit. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2006-44-20-POLA21656-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2006-44-20-POLA21656-gra001'> </P>

Magnetic resonance image-guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer : Prognostic factors for survival

Kim, Yeon-Joo,Kim, Joo-Young,Kim, Youngkyong,Lim, Young Kyung,Jeong, Jonghwi,Jeong, Chiyoung,Kim, Meyoung,Lim, Myong Cheol,Seo, Sang-Soo,Park, Sang-Yoon Springer-Verlag 2016 STRAHLENTHERAPIE UND ONKOLOGIE Vol.192 No.12

Esteblishment of secretome analysis method from human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cell differentiated-osteoblasts

Ho KIM,Seul-Gi OH,Hae Reon SON,Sa Rang KIM,Young Ha RYU,Yong Guk KIM,Jang Hyeon EOM,Dabin SEONG,Min-Jung KIM,Jounghee BAEK,Joon Ho EOM,Ki Dae PARK,Chiyoung AHN 한국생물공학회 2018 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.4

Glutathione‐Induced Intracellular Release of Guests from Mesoporous Silica Nanocontainers with Cyclodextrin Gatekeepers

Kim, Hyehyeon,Kim, Saehee,Park, Chiyoung,Lee, Hyemi,Park, Heon Joo,Kim, Chulhee WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Materials Vol.22 No.38

<P><B>Cyclodextrins</B> tethered onto a mesoporous silica nanoparticle via disulfide stalking are effective gatekeepers not only to entrap guest molecules in the pore but also to release the guest in response to glutathione (GSH). The PEGylated nanocontainers also exhibit efficient GSH‐mediated release of doxorubicin in cancer cells. Our approach offers unique applications for multifunctional delivery systems. </P>

Self-assembly of dendron-helical polypeptide copolymers: organogels and lyotropic liquid crystals

Kim, Kyoung Taek,Park, Chiyoung,Kim, Chulhee,Winnik, Mitchell A.,Manners, Ian Royal Society of Chemistry 2006 Chemical communications Vol.2006 No.13

<P>New macromolecular self-assembling building blocks, dendron-helical polypeptide copolymers, have been synthesized; these materials possess a well-defined 3-D shape and self-assemble in solution to form nanoribbon and lyotropic liquid crystalline phases.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>New macromolecular self-assembling building blocks, dendron-helical polypeptide copolymers, have been synthesized. These materials possess a well-defined 3-D shape and self-assemble in solution to form nanoribbon and lyotropic liquid crystalline phases. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b516625j'> </P>

Self-Organization of Dendron-Poly(ethylene glycol) Conjugates in an Aqueous Phase

Kim, Kyoung-Taek,Lee, Im-Hae,Park, Chiyoung,Song, Yu-Mi,Kim, Chul-Hee The Polymer Society of Korea 2004 Macromolecular Research Vol.12 No.5

We have prepared amide dendrons having alkyl peripheral units and various focal moieties through a convergent synthetic approach. The amphiphilic properties, due to hydrophilic amide branches and the hydrophobic peripheral units, provide an opportunity for the amide dendrons to self-organize in water. The dendritic architecture itself is also one of the critical factors in the self-organization of the amide dendrons in water. In particular, function-alization was performed at the focal point to elucidate the relationship between the focal functionality and the self-organized structures of the dendritic building blocks in the aqueous phase. The dendron having a short poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MeO-PEG) unit (M$\_$n/ =750) as the focal moiety formed a vesicular organization in water. As the size of the hydrophilic focal MeO-PEG increased to M$\_$n/ =2,000 and 5,000, the self-organized structures became rod-type and spherical micelles, respectively. Our observation of multiple morphologies for amide dendrons is in good agreement with previous reports that indicated that the micellar structures changed from vesicles to rod-types and then to spheres upon increasing the size of the hydrophilic moiety of the amphiphiles.

Guanine deaminase functions as dihydropterin deaminase in the biosynthesis of aurodrosopterin, a minor red eye pigment of Drosophila.

Kim, Jaekwang,Park, Sang Ick,Ahn, Chiyoung,Kim, Heuijong,Yim, Jeongbin American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.35

<P>Dihydropterin deaminase, which catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-dihydropterin to 7,8-dihydrolumazine, was purified 5850-fold to apparent homogeneity from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 48 kDa by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, indicating that it is a monomer under native conditions. The pI value, temperature, and optimal pH of the enzyme were 5.5, 40 degrees C, and 7.5, respectively. Interestingly the enzyme had much higher activity for guanine than for 7,8-dihydropterin. The specificity constant (k(cat)/K(m)) for guanine (8.6 x 10(6) m(-1).s(-1)) was 860-fold higher than that for 7,8-dihydropterin (1.0 x 10(4) m(-1).s(-1)). The structural gene of the enzyme was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis as CG18143, located at region 82A1 on chromosome 3R. The cloned and expressed CG18143 exhibited both 7,8-dihydropterin and guanine deaminase activities. Flies with mutations in CG18143, SUPor-P/Df(3R)A321R1 transheterozygotes, had severely decreased activities in both deaminases compared with the wild type. Among several red eye pigments, the level of aurodrosopterin was specifically decreased in the mutant, and the amount of xanthine and uric acid also decreased considerably to 76 and 59% of the amounts in the wild type, respectively. In conclusion, dihydropterin deaminase encoded by CG18143 plays a role in the biosynthesis of aurodrosopterin by providing one of its precursors, 7,8-dihydrolumazine, from 7,8-dihydropterin. Dihydropterin deaminase also functions as guanine deaminase, an important enzyme for purine metabolism.</P>

Cloud Radiative Effects and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation: Insights from a Cloud-Locking Experiment

Chiyoung Kim,Hanjun Kim,Sarah M. Kang 한국기상학회 2023 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.4