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서경수,황찬용,이광만,최치규,강민성 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.10 No.2
TiN/TiSi₂-bilayers were formed by reactive sputter deposition in mixed gas of Ar+N₂ on the TiSi₂/Si(100) substrate, which TiSi₂ film was grown by means of the Ti sputtering, and the coevaporation of Ti and Si(Ti : Si = 1 : 2) on the Si(100)-2 ×1 substrate followed by in-situ annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. Stoichiometric Ti??N?? films with (111) texture determined XRD, RBS and XPS were grown at substrate temperature over 600℃, while films prepared at substrate temperature below 600℃ showed N-rich TiN, and the high quality TiSi₂ film was obtaind from the Ti/Si(100) and (Ti+2Si)/Si(100) samples annealed at 700℃. It is capping effect that the TiSi₂ film in the TiN/TiSi₂/Si(100) structure does not occure the agglomeration phenomena. The sheet resistance of the TiN/TiSi₂-bilayer prepared at 700℃ showed 0.39Ω/㎝².
황치현 ( Chi-hyun Hwang ),한민재 ( Min-jae Han ),김의찬 ( Eui-chan Kim ),황광일 ( Kwang-il Hwang ) 한국정보처리학회 2022 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.29 No.2
영상처리 기술의 발달로 영상처리 기술을 이용한 다양한 어플리케이션이 출시되고 있다. 영상 처리 기술로 영상의 정보를 디지털화 할 수 있는 점에 착안해 춤 실력을 평가하는 시스템을 고안했다. 본 작품에서는 Human Pose Estimation 기술로 사람의 관절 위치 정보를 파악하고, 춤 전문가의 관절 위치와 사용자의 관절 위치를 동작 비교 알고리즘을 통해 비교해 사용자가 춤을 얼마나 정확하게 추는지 수치적으로 점수화해 제공한다.
Identification and differential expression patterns of porcine <i>OCT4</i> variants
Hwang, Jae Yeon,Oh, Jong-Nam,Lee, Dong-Kyung,Choi, Kwang-Hwan,Park, Chi-Hun,Lee, Chang-Kyu BioScientifica 2015 Reproduction Vol.149 No.1
<P><I>OCT4</I> encoded by <I>POU5F1</I> has a crucial role of maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells during early embryonic development and several <I>OCT4</I> variants have been identified in mouse and human studies. The objective of this study was to identify different variants of <I>OCT4</I> and analyze their expression patterns in preimplantation porcine embryos and various tissues. In this study, we showed that <I>POU5F1</I> transcribes its three variants, namely <I>OCT4A</I>, <I>OCT4B</I>, and <I>OCT4B1</I>. The <I>OCT4B</I> transcript consists of exons identical to the major form of the <I>OCT4</I> variant, <I>OCT4A</I>, with a differential N-terminal domain-coding exon. The structure of <I>OCT4B1</I> mRNA was the same as that of <I>OCT4B</I> mRNA, but harbored a cryptic exon. Based on these findings, the transcription levels were investigated and found that <I>OCT4B</I> and <I>OCT4B1</I> made up ∼20% among the variants in the embryonic stage and this indicates that <I>OCT4A</I> mRNA is dominantly expressed during preimplantation embryo development. In addition, <I>OCT4B</I> mRNA was detected in all tissues examined, while <I>OCT4A</I> and <I>OCT4B1</I> were detected only in testis but not in other tissues examined. <I>OCT4B1</I> showed inversely correlated expression with <I>SOX2</I> and <I>NANOG</I> expression. OCT4A protein was specifically localized to the nuclei, whereas OCT4B was mainly localized to the cytoplasm of the porcine embryos at the blastocyst stage. The findings of this study reveal that the porcine <I>OCT4</I> gene can potentially encode three variants (<I>OCT4A</I>, <I>OCT4B</I>, and <I>OCT4B1</I>), and they are differentially expressed and would have roles dissimilar between each other in preimplantation embryos and various adult tissues.</P>
A role for subducted super-hydrated kaolinite in Earth’s deep water cycle
Hwang, Huijeong,Seoung, Donghoon,Lee, Yongjae,Liu, Zhenxian,Liermann, Hanns-Peter,Cynn, Hyunchae,Vogt, Thomas,Kao, Chi-Chang,Mao, Ho-Kwang Nature Publishing Group UK 2017 Nature geoscience Vol.10 No.12
Water is the most abundant volatile component in the Earth. It continuously enters the mantle through subduction zones, where it reduces the melting temperature of rocks to generate magmas. The dehydration process in subduction zones, which determines whether water is released from the slab or transported into the deeper mantle, is an essential component of the deep water cycle. Here we use in situ and time-resolved high-pressure/high-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction and infrared spectra to characterize the structural and chemical changes of the clay mineral kaolinite. At conditions corresponding to a depth of about 75 km in a cold subducting slab (2.7 GPa and 200 °C), and in the presence of water, we observe the pressure-induced insertion of water into kaolinite. This super-hydrated phase has a unit cell volume that is about 31% larger, a density that is about 8.4% lower than the original kaolinite and, with 29 wt% H<SUB>2</SUB>O, the highest water content of any known aluminosilicate mineral in the Earth. As pressure and temperature approach 19 GPa and about 800 °C, we observe the sequential breakdown of super-hydrated kaolinite. The formation and subsequent breakdown of super-hydrated kaolinite in cold slabs subducted below 200 km leads to the release of water that may affect seismicity and help fuel arc volcanism at the surface.
Chi, Ki-Whan,Shim, Kwang-Taeg,Huh, Hwang,Lee, Uk,Park, Young-Ja Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.3
The stability constants for the diaza-18-crown-6 ethers 2-6 and alkali metal cations ($Na^+,\;K^+,\;Rb^+\;and\;Cs^+$) were determined using potentiometry in 95% methanol. For each metal ion the stability constants of the partiallyfluorinated ligands 3-6 were larger than that of the non-fluorinated ligand 2, which might reflect an interaction between fluorine atoms and alkali metal cations. The stability constant of the ligand 4 was larger than that of the ligand 5 for each metal cation tested. This finding was also supported by the results of cation-induced chemical shifts in $^1H-,\;^{19}F$-NMR and extraction experiment. The potentiometry and NMR results as well as the X-ray crystal structures revealed that the position and number of fluorine atoms in the benzyl side arms was crucial for the enhanced interaction between a ligand and an alkali metal.
Chi, Ki-Whan,Ahn, Yoon-Soo,Shim, Kwang-Taeg,Huh, Hwang,Ahn, Jeong-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2002 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.23 No.5
The aminomethylation of phenols with para-substituents by the Mannich reaction has successfully been accomplished to produce the Mannich bases 2-6. The compounds 7-8 have also been synthesized in order to identify the effect of the side arms and t he macrocycle in the complex formation. Protonation constants and stability constants of the double armed diaza-18-crown-6 ethers 2-7 with metal ions have been determined by potentiometric method at 25 $^{\circ}C$ in 95 % methanol solution. Under a basic condition (pH > 8.0), the double-armed crown ethers 2-6 revealed stronger interaction with divalent metal ions than the simple diazacrown ether 1. The stability constants with these metal ions were Co 2+ < Ni2+ < Cu2+ > Zn 2+ in increasing order, which are in accordance with the order of the Williams-Irving series. The stability constants with alkali earth metal ions were Ca 2+ < Sr 2+ < Ba 2+ in increasing order, which may be explained by the concept of size effect. It is noteworthy that the hosts 2-6, which have phenolic side arms and a macrocycle, bind stronger with metal ions than the hosts 1 and 7. On the other hand, the host 8, which has phenolic side arms with a pyperazine ring,provided comparable stability constants to those with the host 3. These facts demonstrate that phenolic side arms play a more important role than the azacrown ether ring in the process of making a complex with metal ions especially in a basic condition. In particular, the log KML values for complexation of divalent metal ions with the hosts 2-6 had the sequence, i.e., 2 (R=OCH3) < 3 (R=CH3) < 4 (R=H) < 5 (R=Cl) < 6 (R=CF3). The stability constants of the hosts 5 and 6 containing an electron-withdrawing group are larger than those of the hosts 2 and 3 containing an electron-donating group. This substituent effect is attributed to the solvent effect in which the aryl oxide with an electron-donating group has a tendency to be tied strongly with protic solvents.