Advances of Hospice Palliative Care in Taiwan

Shao-Yi Cheng,Ching-Yu Chen,Tai-Yuan Chiu 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2016 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Hospice and palliative care in Taiwan has been growing continuously. The 2015 Quality of Death index, as rated by the Economist Intelligence Unit, ranked Taiwan first among Asian countries and sixth in the world. In this review article, we highlight three particular areas that might have contributed to this success; the laws and regulations, spiritual care and research network. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and prospects for Taiwanese encounters. A systemic review was conducted with the keywords “hospice palliative care Taiwan” using PubMed. The passing of the “Natural Death Act” in 2000 set the example and established a landmark for patient autonomy in Asia; it guarantees the patient’s right to request that medical staff do not resuscitate (DNR) them and to reject other futile medical treatments at the end of their life, thus reflecting the importance of palliative care from the policy perspective. In 2015, Taiwan passed another pioneering law entitled the “Patient Autonomy Act”. This law states that a patient may decline medical treatment according to his/her own will. Taiwanese indigenous spiritual care was launched in 2000. It requires a Buddhist Chaplain to successfully complete a training program consisting of lectures, as well as bedside practicum before applying Buddhist practices to end-of-life care. The Japan-Korea-Taiwan research network was established for the purpose of enabling collaborative research for the East-Asian collaborative cross-cultural Study to Elucidate the Dying process (EASED) cohort. With consensus from the government and society to make it a priority, hospice and palliative medicine in Taiwan has been growing steadily.

Advances of Hospice Palliative Care in Taiwan

Cheng, Shao-Yi,Chen, Ching-Yu,Chiu, Tai-Yuan Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care 2016 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.19 No.4

목적: 대만의 호스피스와 완화 의료는 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. Economist Intelligence Unit에서 평가한 2015년 죽음의 질 지수 등급에서 대만은 아시아 국가 중에서 1위, 세계에서 6위를 기록했다. 이 리뷰 기사에서 우리는 성공에 기여한 것으로 보이는 세 영역, 즉 법률 및 규정, 영적 치료, 연구 네트워크에 주목하였다. 마지막으로 대만 사람에게 적용을 위한 미래의 도전과 전망에 대해 논의하기로 한다. 방법: PubMed에서 "대만의 호스피스 완화의료" 검색어를 이용해 체계적인 검토를 수행하였다. 결과: 2000년에 "자연사법"의 통과로 아시아에서 환자의 자기결정권에 대한 획기적인 본보기가 만들어지고 확립되었다. 이는 의료진에게 연명치료중지(DNR, do not resuscitate)를 요청할 수 있고 삶의 마지막에 기타 무의미한 의료 행위를 거부할 수 있는 환자의 권리를 보장하며 더불어 정책적 관점에서 완화의료의 중요성을 반영하는 것이다. 2015년에 대만은 "환자의 자기결정권 특별법"이라는 선구적인 법률을 통과시켰다. 이 법은 환자가 그/그녀의 자기의지에 따라 의료 행위를 거부할 수 있다는 것을 규정한다. 대만 고유의 영적 치료는 2000년에 도입되었는데, 불교 수행을 죽음에 직면한 환자에 적용하기 이전의 임상실습뿐 아니라 강의들로 구성된 훈련 프로그램을 성공적으로 이수하기 위해서는 불교 사제가 필요하다. 일본-한국-대만 연구 네트워크는 죽음의 과정을 자세히 설명(EASED, Elucidate the Dying process)하기 위한 동아시아 공동의 비교 문화 집단 연구를 위해 설립되었다. 결론: 대만에서의 호스피스와 완화의료는 정부와 사회의 우선적 합의에 따라 꾸준하게 성장하고 있다. Hospice and palliative care in Taiwan has been growing continuously. The 2015 Quality of Death index, as rated by the Economist Intelligence Unit, ranked Taiwan first among Asian countries and sixth in the world. In this review article, we highlight three particular areas that might have contributed to this success; the laws and regulations, spiritual care and research network. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and prospects for Taiwanese encounters. A systemic review was conducted with the keywords "hospice palliative care Taiwan" using PubMed. The passing of the "Natural Death Act" in 2000 set the example and established a landmark for patient autonomy in Asia; it guarantees the patient's right to request that medical staff do not resuscitate (DNR) them and to reject other futile medical treatments at the end of their life, thus reflecting the importance of palliative care from the policy perspective. In 2015, Taiwan passed another pioneering law entitled the "Patient Autonomy Act". This law states that a patient may decline medical treatment according to his/her own will. Taiwanese indigenous spiritual care was launched in 2000. It requires a Buddhist Chaplain to successfully complete a training program consisting of lectures, as well as bedside practicum before applying Buddhist practices to end-of-life care. The Japan-Korea-Taiwan research network was established for the purpose of enabling collaborative research for the East-Asian collaborative cross-cultural Study to Elucidate the Dying process (EASED) cohort. With consensus from the government and society to make it a priority, hospice and palliative medicine in Taiwan has been growing steadily.

Obliteration of Radical Cavities and Total Reconstruction Procedure Without Staging After Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy: Long-term Results

Shao-Cheng Liu,Chih-Hung Wang,Bor-Rong Huang 대한이비인후과학회 2015 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.8 No.3

Objectives. We evaluate the long-term surgical and hearing results using a canal wall down mastoidectomy technique followed by cavities obliteration, canal wall reconstruction and ossiculoplasty without staging. Methods. A total of 44 patients between January 2002 and October 2009 were selected and 27 of them were revision cases. Preoperative and postoperative pure tone average (PTA) and air-bone gap (ABG) were assessed and compared 1 and 4 years after surgery. Results. The middle ear was well healed and aerated in 40 patients (90.9%) and the tympanic membrane was intact in 42 patients (95.5%). Recurrent cholesteatoma was found on postoperative follow-up in two of the revision patients (7.4%) but none in the primary patients. Seven patients were found to have partial canal bone absorption, but revision surgery was not required. Over 86.4% of all cases were water resistant. Long-lasting improvement and/or preservation of hearing, with maintenance of PTA-ABG closure in 63.7% of all cases within 20 dB, were obtained. Conclusion. The efficacy of our technique after a canal wall down mastoidectomy is satisfactory, and the rate of complication is acceptably low. We believe that our technique could be a convenient method in disease control and providing an excellent basis for hearing restoration simultaneously.

Disciplinary Sport Administration / Management : American games and chinese rules : an alternative consumer behavior model for sport marketing in Taiwan

Cheng Shao Tung,Chou Cheng Hsiung 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.2

Shake-table testing of a 1:5 reduced-scale five-story masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frame structure

Shao-Ge Cheng,Yi-Xiu Zhu,Kui Sun,Wei-Ping Zhang 국제구조공학회 2021 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.79 No.3

This paper presents a shaking table test carried out on a 1:5 reduced-scale five-story masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame model. Multi-level simulated earthquake motions with increasing shaking severity were used as input to deform the model structure from an elastic to a near-collapse state. The dynamic characteristics, acceleration response, displacement response, damage state, energy dissipation behavior and stiffness degradation of each story were summarized for each stage. The tests indicate that cracks developed at the masonry-frame interface during minor shaking that caused infill to separate from the frame; however, its in-plane load bearing capacity was maintained. Moreover, the infill was able to resist infrequent earthquakes without causing instability or collapse of the structure. Thus, it is rational to consider masonry infill as a structural element in the seismic design of structures. Moreover, the story drift ratio of 1/400 can be regarded as the performance criterion for controlling frame structure cracking, and the story drift ratio of 1/100 can be regarded as the performance criterion for the peak bearing capacity of a frame structure. The test results could provide a reference not only for the seismic appraisal of existing buildings, but also for the seismic design of new buildings.

Resource-Optimal Licensed-Assisted Access in Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks With Heterogeneous Carrier Communications

Lien, Shao-Yu,Cheng, Shin-Ming,Chen, Kwang-Cheng,Kim, Dong In IEEE 2016 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.65 No.12

<P>To support a tremendous amount of traffic demands via wireless access in 2020 and beyond, limited bandwidth of the licensed bands has been a major obstacle to boosting further the capacity of wireless services. To fundamentally break through this predicament, an emerging technology known as heterogeneous carrier communications has been launched into standardization in the form of licensed-assisted access (LAA) to the unlicensed bands. Integrating the heterogeneous cloud radio access networks and carrier aggregation, and although LAA-empowered cellular networks gain wider bandwidth from the unlicensed bands, communications may suffer from intersystem interference. To avoid interference, listen-before-talk has been designated as a mandatory function; however, it leads to significant challenges of the hidden-terminal problem. To address this open issue in LAA, in this paper, we consequently propose a resource-optimal scheme using a minimum amount of replicated radio resources to achieve the most essential latency guarantees for real-time applications. To further support non-real-time applications, a new resource control as well as the mathematical architecture inspired by so-called political communications is proposed to furthermaximize the throughput of packet delivery. Our scheme not only optimizes resource utilization in time and spatial domains but also suggests optimum energy efficiency and computation efficiency, to successfully deploy cellular networks on the unlicensed bands.</P>

“蜚치”小考 -東漢五靈規矩鏡所見瑞獸及相關問題硏究-

정소헌 ( Shao Xuan Cheng ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2015 人文科學 Vol.103 No.-

This article suggests that the unrecognized graphs, seen in the inscription on the bronze mirror enclosed in the Zhong Yuan Cang Jing Ju Ying中原藏鏡聚英 (Fig. 138), should be identified as蜚치<치> and read as Feizhi飛雉 (flying pheasant). In Han dynasty, Feizhi, also known as Baizhi白雉 (white pheasant) which found multiple times in received texts, has been associated with politics, and people started to see Feizhi as an auspicious animal rather than just a rare bird. Due to its implied political meaning, Feizhi was once seen as one of the Wuling五靈 (five auspicious animals), for there was no consensus on that during the Han dynasty. After that, Feizhi was replaced with a mythical creature, Qilin麒麟. Qilin then became one of the five auspicious animals along with the Baihu白虎 (white tiger), Qinglong靑龍 (blue dragon), Zhuque朱雀 (red bird), and Xuanwu玄武 (black toroise). Therefore, I argue that this bronze mirror should be named as Wuling Guiju Jing五靈規矩鏡 (mirror with TLV pattern and design of five auspicious animals).

Zearalenone exposure affects epigenetic modifications of mouse eggs

Zhu, Cheng-Cheng,Hou, Yan-Jun,Han, Jun,Cui, Xiang-Shun,Kim, Nam-Hyung,Sun, Shao-Chen Oxford University Press 2014 Mutagenesis Vol.29 No.6

<P>Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by various <I>Fusarium</I> fungi, which has been shown to cause several cases of mycotoxicosis in farm animals and humans. However, there is no evidence regarding the effect of ZEA on mouse egg developmental competence. In this study, we found that the activation rate of maturated oocytes was affected in mice by ZEA treatment, indicating that ZEA affects egg developmental competence. And we explored possible mechanisms of low mouse maturated oocyte developmental competence after ZEA treatment from an epigenetic modification perspective. The fluorescence intensity analysis showed that 5-methyl cytosine level increased after ZEA treatment, indicating that the general DNA methylation level increased in the treated eggs. Moreover, histone methylations were also altered: H3K4me2 as well as H3K9me3 and H4K20me1, me2, me3 levels decreased in eggs that were cultured in high-dose ZEA medium. Thus, our results indicated that ZEA decreased egg developmental competence by affecting the epigenetic modifications.</P>

The Presence of Open Dentinal Tubules Affects the Biological Properties of Dental Pulp Cells Ex Vivo

Mei-Ying Shao,Zhong-Sen Fu,Ran Cheng,Hui Yang,Li Cheng,Feng-Ming Wang,Tao Hu 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.31 No.1

To investigate the effects of open dentinal tubules on the morphological and functional characteristics of dental pulp cells. Morphological changes in human dental pulp cells that were seeded onto dentin discs with open den-tinal tubules were investigated on days 1, 2, 4, and 10 of culture using scanning electron microscopy and fluores-cence microscopy. Samples collected on days 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10 of culture were evaluated for cell proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase activity. Cultured human dental pulp cells developed a columnar or polygonal morphology and monopolar cytoplasmic processes that extended into the dentinal tubules. The cells formed a multilayer and secreted an extracellular matrix onto the cell surface. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed polarized organization of odontoblasts. Cells seeded onto dentin discs prolifer-ated minimally but showed high levels of ALP activity. Dental pulp cells seeded onto treated dentin discs develop an odontoblast-like phenotype, which may be a potential alternative for use in experimental research on dentinogenesis.

Changes in prostate-specific antigen kinetics during androgen-deprivation therapy as a predictor of response to abiraterone in chemonaïve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Chung-Lin Lee,Ying-Hsu Chang,Chung-Yi Liu,Ming-Li Hsieh,Liang-Kang Huang,Yuan-Cheng Chu,Hung-Cheng Kan,Po-Hung Lin,Kai-Jie Yu,Cheng-Keng Chuang,Chun-Te Wu,See-Tong Pang,I-Hung Shao 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.5

Purpose: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has a poor prognosis. Abiraterone acetate (AA), enzalutamide, and chemotherapy are first-line treatments for patients with mCRPC. This study examined prognostic factors for AA response in the form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics throughout androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in chemonaïve patients with mCRPC. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included data from 34 chemonaïve patients with mCRPC who had received AA at some point between January 2017 and December 2018. We separated patients into two study arms according to the decrease in PSA percentages after use of AA for 3 months. We correlated PSA kinetics parameters with response and compared the two study groups with respect to PSA kinetics. Results: The patients’ median age was 77 years. In the total group of patients, 64% had a response to AA, whereas 35% did not. The ratio of the PSA level at nadir to the level during ADT was significantly higher in the AA-sensitive group (19.78 vs. 1.03, p=0.019). Conclusions: Patients who experienced a dramatic change in PSA level during ADT were more likely to be resistant to AA after progression to mCRPC. Chemotherapy rather than AA might be more suitable as a first-line treatment for these patients.