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Characterization of Mice Deficient of Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor
Cheil Moon 한국실험동물학회 2006 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.22 No.4
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional neuropoietic cytokine involved in neuronal development. Mice with target disruption of the LIF gene are available due to transgenic technology and biotechnology. However, LIF-deficient mice have been reported to be embarrassingly poor in replacement and display awkward colony phenotypes. From total 265 breeds, significantly smaller breeding rate and litter numbers were observed from homozygous male pairs. And LIF-deficient mouse colony did not follow rules of genetics. Both heterozygote male and homozygote male colonies showed significantly higher male birth rate than the hypothetical value. Taken together, epochal improvement in acquiring transgenic animals may be necessary to facilitate large-scale or long-term studies using the LIF-deficient mice. Therefore, better strategies to assure enough numbers of LIF-deficient mice are imminent. In order to achieve this goal, long-term monitoring of the colony has been performed and possible solutions also have been suggested.
Moon, Cheil,Liu, Bridget Q.,Kim, So Yeun,Kim, Esther J.,Park, Yun Ju,Yoo, Joo-Yeon,Han, Hyung Soo,Bae, Yong Chul,Ronnett, Gabriele V. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of neuroscience research Vol.87 No.5
<P>Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a neuropoietic cytokine, has been implicated in the control of neuronal development. We previously reported that LIF plays a critical role in regulating the terminal differentiation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Here, we demonstrate that LIF plays a complementary role in supporting the survival of immature OSNs. Mature OSNs express LIF, which may be elaborated in a paracrine manner to influence adjacent neurons. LIF null mice display more apoptotic immature neurons than do their wild-type littermates. LIF treatment of dissociated OSNs in vitro significantly reduces the apoptosis of immature OSNs. Double immunocytochemical analysis indicates that the survival of immature OSNs is dependent on the presence of LIF. LIF activates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways and induces the expression of the antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 in OSNs, whereas inhibition of the PI3K pathway blocks LIF-dependent OSN survival and Bcl-2 induction. Thus, LIF plays a central role in maintaining the size and integrity of the population of immature neurons within the olfactory epithelium; this population is critical to the rapid recovery of olfactory function after injury. LIF may play a similar role elsewhere in the CNS and thus be important for manipulation of stem cell populations for therapeutic interventions. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
( Seungyeong Im ),( Cheil Moon ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2015 BMB Reports Vol.48 No.11
Regeneration, a process of reconstitution of the entire tissue, occurs throughout life in the olfactory epithelium (OE). Regeneration of OE consists of several stages: proliferation of progenitors, cell fate determination between neuronal and non-neuronal lineages, their differentiation and maturation. How the differentiated cell types that comprise the OE are regenerated, is one of the central questions in olfactory developmental neurobiology. The past decade has witnessed considerable progress regarding the regulation of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the remarkable regenerative potential of OE. Here, we review current state of knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory networks that are powerful modulators of the acquisition and maintenance of developmental stages during regeneration in the OE. Advance in our understanding of regeneration will not only shed light on the basic principles of adult plasticity of cell identity, but may also lead to new approaches for using stem cells and reprogramming after injury or degenerative neurological diseases. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(11): 599-608]
Distinct Developmental Features of Olfactory Bulb Interneurons
Kim, Jae Yeon,Choe, Jiyun,Moon, Cheil Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020 Molecules and cells Vol.43 No.3
The olfactory bulb (OB) has an extremely higher proportion of interneurons innervating excitatory neurons than other brain regions, which is evolutionally conserved across species. Despite the abundance of OB interneurons, little is known about the diversification and physiological functions of OB interneurons compared to cortical interneurons. In this review, an overview of the general developmental process of interneurons from the angles of the spatial and temporal specifications was presented. Then, the distinct features shown exclusively in OB interneurons development and molecular machinery recently identified were discussed. Finally, we proposed an evolutionary meaning for the diversity of OB interneurons.
Yun-Ju Park(서평자),Yong-Chul Bae(서평자),Cheil Moon(서평자) 한국실험동물학회 2007 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.23 No.3
The sense of smell is the most enigmatic senses. We have just begun to understand how nose recognizes and remembers about millions of different odors due to Drs. Buck and Axel's identification of odorant receptors and series of pioneering molecular genetic studies using experimental animals. The odorant receptors are located on the olfactory sensory neurons, which reside in the nasal epithelium and detect the inhaled odorant molecules. According to their works, we have learned that each olfactory sensory neuron possesses only one type of odorant receptor, and each receptor can detect a limited number of odorant substances. The olfactory sensory neurons send thin nerve processes directly to distinct glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, the primary olfactory area of the brain. Strikingly, olfactory sensory neurons carrying the same type of receptor send their nerve processes to the same glomerulus. From the glomerulus in the olfactory bulb the information is relayed further to other parts of the brain, where the information from several olfactory receptors is combined, forming a pattern. Besides the odorant receptors in the olfactory epithelium, distinct type of odorant receptors also exists. Moreover, other receptors which may participate in social or reproductive behavior are identified in the vomeronasal organs. The roles of these receptors as well as the odorant receptors are still unclear, thus the use of genetically manipulated laboratory animals may facilitate studies to clarify the roles of these receptors.