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A Review on 3D Printed Bioimplants
Chee Meng Benjamin Ho,Sum Huan Ng,윤용진 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
Additive manufacturing (AM) also known as 3D printing have been making inroads into medical applications such as surgical models and tools, tooling equipment, medical devices. One key area researchers are looking into is bioimplants. With the improvement and development of AM technologies, many different bioimplants can be made using 3D printing. Different biomaterials and various AM technologies can be used to create customized bioimplants to suit the individual needs. With the aid of 3D printing this could lead to new foam and design of bioimplants in the near further. Therefore, the purpose of this review articles is to (1) Describe the various AM technologies and process used to make bioimplants, (2) Different types of bioimplants printed with AM and (3) Discuss some of the challenges and future developments for 3D printed bioimplants.
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Yeh-Huann Goh,Zhao-Jun Ho,Chee-Ho Ng,Yann-Ling Goh 대한전자공학회 2019 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.8 No.3
Studying the observable characteristics of mutants and the growing stages of the same genotype plant interacting with various environmental conditions is important in order to understand the performance of a particular trait in different growth environments. A plant"s growing stage affects the growth rate of leaves, the photosynthetic rate, water absorption capacity, and other characteristics. By automating the plant mutant classification process and the growing-stage classification process, botanists and agriculture scientists can perform large-scale experiments to cultivate plants with useful traits to combat extreme environmental conditions. This research aims to construct an enhanced optimum convolutional neural network (CNN) for image-based plant growing-stage classification, and a description of the algorithms to construct the optimum CNN for image-based plant mutant classification is included as well. This research was carried out using the Ara2013-Canon dataset annotated by the International Plant Phenotyping Network (IPPN) for classification processes. Optimum parameters found in this paper are for 1) the number of convolutional layers, 2) the number of neurons in a fully connected (FC) layer, and 3) the number of FC layers in a CNN for plant growing-stage classification. The possibility to enhance the successful classification rate is explored by introducing an additional channel that carries additional useful information, such as 1) mutant type, 2) number of leaves, 3) total size for all leaves, 4) mean leaf size, and 5) standard deviation of the leaf size in the form of square matrices. Experimental results show that under optimum conditions for growing-stage classification, a CNN classification system utilizing plant images and all additional useful information provides the best recognition rate at 81.97%.
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Men’s Health Index: A Pragmatic Approach to Stratifying and Optimizing Men’s Health
Hui Meng Tan,Wei Phin Tan,Jun Hoe Wong,Christopher Chee Kong Ho,Chin Hai Teo,Chirk Jenn Ng 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.11
Purpose: The proposed Men’s Health Index (MHI) aims to provide a practical and systematicframework for comprehensively assessing and stratifying older men with theintention of optimising their health and functional status. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed from 1980to 2012. We specifically looked for instruments which: assess men’s health, frailty andfitness; predict life expectancy, mortality and morbidities. The instruments were assessedby the researchers who then agreed on the tools to be included in the MHI. Whenthere was disagreements, the researchers discussed and reached a consensus guidedby the principle that the MHI could be used in the primary care setting targetting menaged 55-65 years. Results: The instruments chosen include the Charlson’s Combined Comorbidity-AgeIndex; the International Index of Erectile Function-5; the International ProstateSymptom Score; the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male; the Survey of Health, Ageingand Retirement in Europe Frailty Instrument; the Sitting-Rising Test; the SeniorFitness Test; the Fitness Assessment Score; and the Depression Anxiety StressScale-21. A pilot test on eight men was carried out and showed that the men’s healthindex is viable. Conclusions: The concept of assessing, stratifying, and optimizing men’s health shouldbe incorporated into routine health care, and this can be implemented by using the MHI. This index is particularly useful to primary care physicians who are in a strategic positionto engage men at the peri-retirement age in a conversation about their life goalsbased on their current and predicted health status.
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Salem Salah Abood,Rashidbenam Zahra,Jasman Mohd Hafidzul,Ho Christopher Chee Kong,Sagap Ismail,Singh Rajesh,Yusof Mohd Reusmaazran,Md. Zainuddin Zulkifli,Haji Idrus Ruszymah Bt,Ng Min Hwei 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2020 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.17 No.4
Background: The urinary tract can be affected by both congenital abnormalities as well as acquired disorders, such as cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation, and iatrogenic injuries, all of which may lead to organ damage requiring eventual reconstruction. As a gold standard, gastrointestinal segment is used for urinary bladder reconstruction. However, one major problem is that while bladder tissue prevents reabsorption of specific solutes, gastrointestinal tissue actually absorbs them. Therefore, tissue engineering approach had been attempted to provide an alternative tissue graft for urinary bladder reconstruction. Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cells isolated from fat tissues were differentiated into smooth muscle cells and then seeded onto a triple-layered PLGA sheet to form a bladder construct. Adult athymic rats underwent subtotal urinary bladder resection and were divided into three treatment groups (n = 3): Group 1 (“sham”) underwent anastomosis of the remaining basal region, Group 2 underwent reconstruction with the cell-free scaffold, and Group 3 underwent reconstruction with the tissue-engineered bladder construct. Animals were monitored on a daily basis and euthanisation was performed whenever a decline in animal health was detected. Results: All animals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 survived for at least 7 days and were followed up to a maximum of 12 weeks post-operation. It was found that by Day 14, substantial ingrowth of smooth muscle and urothelial cells had occurred in Group 2 and 3. In the long-term follow up of group 3 (tissue-engineered bladder construct group), it was found that the urinary bladder wall was completely regenerated and bladder function was fully restored. Urodynamic and radiological evaluations of the reconstructed bladder showed a return to normal bladder volume and function.Histological analysis revealed the presence of three muscular layers and a urothelium similar to that of a normal bladder. Immunohistochemical staining using human-specific myocyte markers (myosin heavy chain and smoothelin) confirmed the incorporation of the seeded cells in the newly regenerated muscular layers. Conclusion: Implantation of PLGA construct seeded with smooth muscle cells derived from human adipose stem cells can lead to regeneration of the muscular layers and urothelial ingrowth, leading to formation of a completely functional urinary bladder.
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