NPOs in China: Capacity-Building Development Since the 1990s

Changwen Li,Jing Guo 한국사회복지학회 2015 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.9 No.1

The development of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in China has experienced unprecedented growth since the 1990s. Capacity-building is a critical aspect of NPO research. Based on data through document reviews and personal interviews, we conducted a systematic analysis and presented a conceptual framework to examine NPO capacity-building in China. Three main bodies – government agencies, educational institutions, and supporting NPOs – lead NPO capacitybuilding, and its development has experienced four critical stages: starting, localization, standardization, and diversification. A major implication for international literature and policy lies in the discovery of an evolving environmental context of NPO development in China.

Combination of berberine and ciprofloxacin reduces multi-resistant Salmonella strain biofilm formation by depressing mRNA expressions of luxS, rpoE, and ompR

Chenxi Shi,Minmin Li,Ishfaq Muhammad,Xin Ma,Yicong Chang,Rui Li,Changwen Li,Jingshan He,Fangping Liu 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.6

Bacterial biofilms have been demonstrated to be closely related to clinical infections and contribute to drug resistance. Berberine, which is the main component of Coptis chinensis, has been reported to have efficient antibacterial activity. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of a combination of berberine with ciprofloxacin (CIP) to inhibit Salmonella biofilm formation and its effect on expressions of related genes (rpoE, luxS, and ompR). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of the combination of berberine with CIP is 0.75 showing a synergistic antibacterial effect. The biofilm’s adhesion rate and growth curve showed that the multi-resistant Salmonella strain had the potential to form a biofilm relative to that of strain CVCC528, and the antibiofilm effects were in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm microstructures were rarely observed at 1/2 × MIC/FIC concentrations (MIC, minimal inhibition concentration), and the combination had a stronger antibiofilm effect than each of the antimicrobial agents used alone at 1/4 × FIC concentration. LuxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions were significantly repressed (p < 0.01) at 1/2 × MIC/FIC concentrations, and the berberine and CIP combination repressed mRNA expressions more strongly at the 1/4 × FIC concentration. The results indicate that the combination of berberine and CIP has a synergistic effect and is effective in inhibiting Salmonella biofilm formation via repression of luxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions.

A combined experimental and numerical study on the plastic damage in microalloyed Q345 steels

Bin Li,Changwen Mi 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.72 No.3

Damage evolution in the form of void nucleation, propagation and coalescence is the primary cause that is responsible for the ductile failure of microalloyed steels. The Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage model has proven to be extremely robust for characterizing the microscopic damage behavior of ductile metals. Nonetheless, successful applications of the model on a given metal type are limited by the correct identification of damage parameters as well as the validation of the calculated void growth rate. The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, we aim to identify the damage parameters of the GTN model for Q345 steel (Chinese code), due to its extensive application in mechanical and civil industries in China. The identification of damage parameters is facilitated by the well-suited response surface methodology, followed by a complete analysis of variance for evaluating the statistical significance of the identified model. Second, taking notched Q345 cylinders as an example, finite element simulations implemented with the identified GTN model are performed in order to analyze their microscopic damage behavior. In particular, the void growth rate predicted from the simulations is successfully correlated with experimentally measured acoustic emissions. The quantitative correlation suggests that during the yielding stage the void growth rate increases linearly with the acoustic emissions, while in the strain-hardening and softening period the dependence becomes an exponential function. The combined experimental and finite element approach provides a means for validating simulated void growth rate against experimental measurements of acoustic emissions in microalloyed steels.

An optimized procedure for detection of genetically modified DNA in refined vegetable oils

Yuzhu Duan,Yan Pi,Changwen Li,Keji Jiang 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.1

In this study, the amplifiable DNA from refinedvegetable oils was isolated by using commercial DNAextraction kits based on the CTAB method in combinationwith nucleic acid enrichment, and then the presence ofgenetically modified (GM) soybean and maize DNA in theoils was traced by PCR. The results showed that theduration and intensity of heating had no significant effecton the DNA stability and concentration in oils for a shortperiod, suggesting that DNA in oils could be stablyreserved for a certain time, thus making it possible to tracedown refined vegetable oils reliably and effectively. Theresults provided a set of primers suitable for systematicGM oil detection. More importantly, this study made animportant contribution to the economical and reliabledetection of GM vegetable oils regarding food authenticityissues.

Pelagic larval dispersal habits influence the population genetic structure of clam Gomphina aequilatera in China

Yingying Ye,Zeqin Fu,Yunfang Tian,Jiji Li,Baoying Guo,Zhenming Lv,Changwen Wu 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.11

Pelagic larval dispersal habits influence the population genetic structure of marine mollusk organisms via gene flow. The genetic information of the clam Gomphina aequilatera (short larval stage, 10 days) which is ecologically and economically important in the China coast is unknown. To determine the influence of planktonic larval duration on the genetic structure of G. aequilatera. Mitochondrial markers, cytochrome oxidase subunit i (COI) and 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA), were used to investigate the population structure of wild G. aequilatera specimens from four China Sea coastal locations (Zhoushan, Nanji Island, Zhangpu and Beihai). Partial COI (685 bp) and 12S rRNA (350 bp) sequences were determined. High level and significant FST values were obtained among the different localities, based on either COI (FST = 0.100–0.444, P < 0.05) or 12S rRNA (FST = 0.193–0.742, P < 0.05), indicating a high degree of genetic differentiation among the populations. The pairwise Nm between Beihai and Zhoushan for COI was 0.626 and the other four pairwise Nm values were > 1, indicating extensive gene flow among them. The 12S rRNA showed the same pattern. AMOVA test results for COI and 12S rRNA indicated major genetic variation within the populations: 77.96% within and 22.04% among the populations for COI, 55.73% within and 44.27% among the populations for 12S rRNA. A median-joining network suggested obvious genetic differentiation between the Zhoushan and Beihai populations. This study revealed the extant population genetic structure of G. aequilatera and showed a strong population structure in a species with a short planktonic larval stage.

Prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatocyte injury: JNK inhibition and GSTA1 involvement

Chang Yicong,He Jingshan,Ma Bingke,Ishfaq Muhammad,Wang Jiaqi,Zhang Ruichen,Yuan Liang,Liu Jiarui,Li Changwen,Liu Fangping 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.2

Background Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) is a detoxification enzyme and a sensitive marker for hepatotoxicity. We investigated the effects of JNK inhibition on different degrees of Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatocyte injury and GSTA1 expression. Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of JNK signaling pathway in APAP-induced different degrees of hepatocyte injury and its correlation with GSTA1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK by SP600125. Results 6 and 8 mM APAP induced different degrees of hepatocyte injury and apoptosis, both activated JNK signaling pathway. In contrast, JNK inhibitor significantly reduced activation of JNK and c-JUN on exposure to APAP. Meanwhile, the levels of hepatocyte injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis obviously decreased. Importantly, GSTA1 expression was significantly increased by JNK inhibition. Conclusions JNK inhibition attenuates APAP-induced hepatocyte injury and oxidative stress and increases GSTA1 expression. Furthermore, GSTA1 may be involved in this signaling pathway for detoxification. Background Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) is a detoxification enzyme and a sensitive marker for hepatotoxicity. We investigated the effects of JNK inhibition on different degrees of Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatocyte injury and GSTA1 expression. Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of JNK signaling pathway in APAP-induced different degrees of hepatocyte injury and its correlation with GSTA1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK by SP600125. Results 6 and 8 mM APAP induced different degrees of hepatocyte injury and apoptosis, both activated JNK signaling pathway. In contrast, JNK inhibitor significantly reduced activation of JNK and c-JUN on exposure to APAP. Meanwhile, the levels of hepatocyte injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis obviously decreased. Importantly, GSTA1 expression was significantly increased by JNK inhibition. Conclusions JNK inhibition attenuates APAP-induced hepatocyte injury and oxidative stress and increases GSTA1 expression. Furthermore, GSTA1 may be involved in this signaling pathway for detoxification.