[CA-0003] Construction of genomic selection system using core collection in wheat

Yuna Kang(Yuna Kang),Changsoo Kim(Changsoo Kim) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

Recent advances in genetic studies of stuttering

Kang, Changsoo Korean Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics 2015 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Speech and language are uniquely human-specific traits, which contributed to humans becoming the predominant species on earth. Disruptions in the human speech and language function may result in diverse disorders. These include stuttering, aphasia, articulation disorder, spasmodic dysphonia, verbal dyspraxia, dyslexia and specific language impairment. Among these disorders, stuttering is the most common speech disorder characterized by disruptions in the normal flow of speech. Twin, adoption, and family studies have suggested that genetic factors are involved in susceptibility to stuttering. For several decades, multiple genetic studies including linkage analysis were performed to connect causative gene to stuttering, and several genetic studies have revealed the association of specific gene mutation with stuttering. One notable genetic discovery came from the genetic studies in the consanguineous Pakistani families. These studies suggested that mutations in the lysosomal enzyme-targeting pathway genes (GNPTAB, GNPTG and NAPGA) are associated with non-syndromic persistent stuttering. Although these studies have revealed some clues in understanding the genetic causes of stuttering, only a small fraction of patients are affected by these genes. In this study, we summarize recent advances and future challenges in an effort to understand genetic causes underlying stuttering.

Genetic studies on speech and language disorders

Changsoo Kang 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2015 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.16 No.3

Speech and language are uniquely human-specific traits that have contributed to humans becoming the predominant species on earth from an evolutionary perspective. Disruptions in human speech and language function may result in diverse disorders, including stuttering, aphasia, articulation disorder, spasmodic dysphonia, verbal dyspraxia, dyslexia, and specific language impairment (SLI). These disorders often cluster within a family, and this clustering strongly supports the hypothesis that genes are involved in human speech and language functions. For several decades, multiple genetic studies, including linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies, were performed in an effort to link a causative gene to each of these disorders, and several genetic studies revealed associations between mutations in specific genes and disorders such as stuttering, verbal dyspraxia, and SLI. One notable genetic discovery came from studies on stuttering in consanguineous Pakistani families; these studies suggested that mutations in lysosomal enzyme-targeting pathway genes (GNPTAB, GNPTG, and NAPGA) are associated with non-syndromic persistent stuttering. Another successful study identified FOXP2 in a Caucasian family affected by verbal dyspraxia. Furthermore, an abnormal ultrasonic vocalization pattern (USV) was observed in knock-in (KI) and humanized mouse models carrying mutations in the FOXP2 gene. Although studies have increased our understanding of the genetic causes of speech and language disorders, these genes can only explain a small fraction of all disorders in patients. In this paper, we summarize recent advances and future challenges in an effort to reveal the genetic causes of speech and language disorders in animal models.

Quantitative expression analysis of two NAGPA isoforms in multiple human cDNA tissue panels

Changsoo Kang 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2013 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.14 No.2

Uncovering enzyme (UCE), encoded by the human NAGPA, is a trans-Golgi enzyme that adds the mannose-6-phosphate recognition tag on lysosomal enzymes destined for the lysosome. Mutations in NAGPA are known to cause stuttering, a common speech disorder with unknown etiology. The human NAGPA gene is transcribed into two different forms, probably due to alternative splicing. One of them, known as a brain isoform, is lacking exon 8 (102-bp). We performed quantitative real-time PCR for the NAGPA brain and non-brain isoforms in a cDNA panel originating from 16 human tissues and 24 sub-brain regions. According to our findings, the relative quantity of the NAGPA brain isoform in the brain was 4.7 times more than that in the control cDNA, a pooled mixture of equal amounts of cDNAs from the 16 different tissues. Further analysis using the cDNA panel originating from 24 different sub-brain regions revealed that the cerebral cortex contained the largest amount of NAGPA brain isoform. Relative quantity in the cerebral cortex was 8.6 times more than that in the control cDNA (P=0.00004). The lowest quantity of this isoform was detected in cDNA from the pituitary gland. In conclusion, findings of the current study suggest that the cerebral cortex, expressing the highest quantity of the NAGPA brain isoform, might be the region associated with speech function

Genetic Studies of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Progress and Challenges

( Changsoo Kang ) 대한류마티스학회 2015 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease associated with both genetic and environmental factors. The DRB1 gene at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus of chromosome 6p21.3 was the first genetic factor associated with RA to be identified in the 1980s; however, identification of causative genes other than those at the HLA locus has been challenging for geneticists because of the strong linkage disequilibrium in this locus and the non-Mendelian inheritance pattern of RA. Recent advances in high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping technologies and bioinformatic analysis tools have facilitated the identification of positive associations of hundreds of genes with RA using family-based linkage analyses and genome wide association studies. Some of the RA associated genes at non-HLA loci are as follows: PADI4, PTPN22, STAT4, and TNFAIP3. In this paper, we describe the pathological mechanisms mediated by these genes. In addition, we review results of previous genetic studies of RA and future challenges in connecting the dots of missing heritability in the post-genome-wide association study era. (J Rheum Dis 2015;22:274-281)

Trends in research on indoor radon exposure and lung cancer in South Korea

Kang, Dae Ryong,Kang, Dongmug,Min, Kyoung-Bok,Kim, Changsoo,Oh, Sung-Soo,Koh, Sang-Baek BioMed Central 2016 Annals of occupational and environmental medicine Vol.28 No.1

A functional haplotype of the PADI4 gene associated with increased rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Koreans

Kang, Changsoo Paul,Lee, Hye-Soon,Ju, Hyoungseok,Cho, Hyunmi,Kang, Changwon,Bae, Sang-Cheol Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Vol.54 No.1

<B>Objective</B><P>Anticitrullinating autoantibodies are specific markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A functional haplotype of 4 exonic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a citrullinating enzyme, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), was shown to be associated with susceptibility to RA in a Japanese population and was shown to increase the stability of PADI4 messenger RNA. However, the association was not confirmed in 4 subsequent studies involving Caucasian RA patients living in the UK, a French Caucasian population, and a Spanish population. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of SNPs in the PADI4 gene with RA in a Korean population.</P><B>Methods</B><P>Four exonic SNPs of the PADI4 gene (padi4_89, padi4_90, padi4_92, and padi4_104) were genotyped in 545 unrelated patients with RA and 392 controls, using the MassArray SNP genotyping system. Allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic associations of the SNPs with RA susceptibility were examined using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses.</P><B>Results</B><P>Increased RA susceptibility was significantly associated with the minor alleles of padi4_89 (P = 2.3 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>), padi4_90 (P = 2.3 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>), padi4_92 (P = 2.1 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>), and padi4_104 (P = 1.1 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>) and the haplotype carrying the 4 minor alleles (P = 1.0 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>). Genotypes carrying the minor alleles and HLA–DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles (P = 9.4 × 10<SUP>−21</SUP>) were also associated with increased RA susceptibility. The genotypic associations were sustained among individuals who did not carry any SE alleles, except in the case of padi4_104. Individuals carrying the risk SNPs and/or SE alleles were more susceptible to RA than were individuals carrying neither risk SNPs nor SE alleles.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>The PADI4 SNPs and haplotypes are associated with RA susceptibility in Koreans. Thus, the association of PADI4 with RA may depend on genetic heterogeneity between Asians and Europeans.</P>

Recent advances in genetic studies of stuttering

Changsoo Kang 대한의학유전학회 2015 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Speech and language are uniquely human-specific traits, which contributed to humans becoming the predominant species on earth. Disruptions in the human speech and language function may result in diverse disorders. These include stuttering, aphasia, articulation disorder, spasmodic dysphonia, verbal dyspraxia, dyslexia and specific language impairment. Among these disorders, stuttering is the most common speech disorder characterized by disruptions in the normal flow of speech. Twin, adoption, and family studies have suggested that genetic factors are involved in susceptibility to stuttering. For several decades, multiple genetic studies including linkage analysis were performed to connect causative gene to stuttering, and several genetic studies have revealed the association of specific gene mutation with stuttering. One notable genetic discovery came from the genetic studies in the consanguineous Pakistani families. These studies suggested that mutations in the lysosomal enzyme-targeting pathway genes (GNPTAB, GNPTG and NAPGA) are associated with non-syndromic persistent stuttering. Although these studies have revealed some clues in understanding the genetic causes of stuttering, only a small fraction of patients are affected by these genes. In this study, we summarize recent advances and future challenges in an effort to understand genetic causes underlying stuttering.

2017년 신외감법 등 회계개혁법안과 감사품질

강창수 ( Changsoo Kang ) KNU기업경영연구소 2021 기업경영리뷰 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 2017년 회계개혁법안이 감사품질 개선에 실질적인 효과를 낼 것인지를 평가해보는 것이다. 이를 위해 Defond and Zhang(2014)의 감사품질 체계를 회계개혁 평가를 위한 구조로 채택하였다. 그들의 체계가 감사품질을 감사의뢰기업의 수요요인과 감사인의 공급요인 그리고 규제당국의 영향 요인으로 구조화하여 회계개혁의 목적인 감사품질을 이해할 수 있는 기초를 제시하였기 때문이다. 평가결과, 첫 번째 외감법 목적 변경 및 외부감사 대상 회사 확대조치는 감사인에게는 감사의뢰기업의 재무제표 대리작성 등 자기검토위협에서 벗어나게 하고 감사의뢰기업에게는 독립적 회계책임을 위한 역량 강화를 간접적으로 유도한다는 면에서 감사품질의 향상에 기여할 것으로 평가된다. 유한회사로 외부감사 대상 확대조치는 규제에 의한 최소한 감사품질 수요 유인을 창출할 것으로 기대된다. 두 번째, 내부회계관리제도에 대한 감사인에 의한 강화된 인증 규정은 감사의뢰기업의 내부통제제도에 대한 경영자와 투자자 및 채권자 사이에의 정보비대칭을 해소하고 내부통제제도 관리에 대한 기업의 역량을 강화할 것으로 기대된다. 세 번째 감사위원회에게 외부감사인 선임권을 부여한 조치는 재무제표 작성의 주체인 경영자와 외부감사인 간에 의견구매(opinion shopping) 및 초도감사보수 할인(low balling)과 같은 감사품질을 훼손하는 행위를 사전적으로 견제하는 효과가 예상된다. 넷째, 주기적 감사인지정제도는 감사인과 감사의뢰기업간의 고용관계로 인한 감사인 독립성 문제를 현저하게 개선할 것으로 기대되지만 강제 교체로 인해 경험 및 전문성이 부족한 감사인으로의 교체로 인한 감사실패의 문제는 한계점으로 지적하지 않을 수 없다. 또한 이러한 감사실패 위험을 고려하여 감사역량을 어느 정도 갖춘 검증된 감사인을 선호하는 과정에서 Big N 회계법인의 시장지배력을 강화시키는 문제를 초래할 우려가 있다. 다섯째, 감사인 등록제도는 감사품질을 관리를 위한 인력, 물적설비, 심리체계, 보상체계 그리고 업무방법을 갖춘 회계법인에게만 상장법인 감사를 허용하여 감사인의 감사품질에 대한 공급 동기를 지원하는 역량을 향상시킬 것으로 기대된다. 마지막으로 감사업무와 동시 수임이 제한되는 비감사업무의 확대는 감사인의 독립성 제고라는 감사품질의 공급 유인을 강화하는 조치로 평가된다. 본 연구는 2017년 회계개혁법안에 대한 평가를 위해 감사관련 검토연구에서 감사품질 향상을 위한 기준들을 추출하고 그 실증연구들의 결과를 이용하여 사전적인 평가를 시도했다는 점에서 의의가 있다 The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the 2017 Accounting Reform Act in Korea will have a substantial effect on improving audit quality. To this end, the audit quality system of Defond and Zhang (2014) was adopted as a structure for evaluating the accounting reform. This is because their system structured the audit quality into the demand factor of the audit client, the supply factor of the auditor, and the influence factor of the regulatory authority, and presented the basis for understanding the audit quality, the purpose of the accounting reform. As the first result of the evaluation, the change in the purpose of external audit and the expansion of the company subject to external audit will induce the auditor to be free from self-review threats such as preparing the financial statements of the audit client, and indirectly do the audit client to strengthen their capacity for independent accountability, which results in the improvement of audit quality. And the expansion of external audit to limited companies is expected to create minimal incentives for audit quality demand by regulations. Second, the strengthened auditor attestation for the internal control over financial reporting will help resolve the information asymmetry between the management and investors & creditors over the internal control and strengthen the company’s capacity to manage the internal control. Third, the measure that gave the audit committee the right to appoint an external auditor is expected to check in advance the behaviors to undermine the quality of the audit, such as opinion shopping and low balling, between the management accountable to financial statement preparation and the external auditor. Fourth, the mandatory auditor change on a rotational basis is expected to significantly improve the issue of auditor independence due to the employment relationship between the auditor and the audit client even though the problem of audit failure due to the replacement of an auditor with insufficient experience and expertise is pointed out. In addition, considering the risk of audit failure, there is a concern that a problem of strengthening the market power of Big N accounting firms may arise in the process of favoring a verified auditor with a certain level of audit capability. Fifth, the auditor registration system will allow listed corporations to be audited only by accounting firms that have personnel, physical equipment, psychological systems, compensation systems, and the methods for managing audit quality, which supports auditors’ motives for supplying audit quality. Lastly, the expansion of non-audit services prohibited from concurrently providing with the audit service, is evaluated as a measure to strengthen the incentive to supply audit quality, which is to enhance the independence of auditors. This study is meaningful in that it extracts criteria for improving audit quality from audit-related review studies for the evaluation of the 2017 Accounting Reform Act, and attempts a preliminary evaluation using the results of the empirical studies.

Built-in Guide Rail 형 빌딩외벽 청소로봇의 위치추정 알고리즘

강성필(Sungpil Kang),이승훈(Seunghoon Lee),강민성(Minsung Kang),길명수(Myeongsu Gil),신동수(Dongsu Shin),한창수(Changsoo Han) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.6