Bacillus subtilis 接種이 土壤微生物相에 미치는 影響(Ⅰ) : 볏짚 및 크로버 添加區에서의 微生物相의 變動 Changes in Microflora by Application of Straw and Clover

孔惠淑,柳恩珠,梁昌述 建國大學校 附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1993 農資源開發論集 Vol.18 No.-

토양으로부터 분리한 B. subtilis를 有機物이 施用된 토양에 還元 接種하여 有機物 種類에 따른 B. subtilis의 토양중에서 適應·定着性 및 B.subtilis가 다른 土壤微生物相에 미치는 영향을 經時的으로 조사하였다. 또한 有機物이 시용된 토양중에서 B,subtilis와 植物 病原菌인 F. oxysporum을 동시에 接種하여 상호간의 拮抗的 關係를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) B. subtilis菌數는 對照區에서보다 B. subtilis 接種區에서 增加를 보였고 단지 볏짚 및 크로버만을 사용한 區에서보다 볏짚 및 크로버 施用區에 B. subtilis를 접종한 區가 약 2배 정도 B. subtilis菌數의 증가를 보였다. 특히 B.subtilis를 有機物 施用區에 접종했을 때 볏짚 시용구가 크로버 시용구에서보다 B. subtilis菌數가 약 3배 정도 현저하게 증가하였다. 2) 細菌과 絲狀菌數는 대조구보다 B.subtilis 接種區에서 각각 23% 및 20%씩 감소하였으므로 또한 크로버 시용구에서보다 크로버+B. subtilis 접종구에서도 각각 33% 및 16%씩 감소하였고, 볏짚 시용구에서는 볏짚+B. subtilis 접종구에서 각각 29% 및 32%씩 감소경향을 나타내었다. 3) 胞子形成菌數는 대조구보다 B. subtilis 접종구에서 약 10배 정도 증가하였으며 단지 有機物만을 시용한 區보다도 크로버+B. subtilis 접종구와 +B. subtilis 접종구에서 각각 2배, 4배 정도의 증가경향을 보였다. 또한 gram(-)細菌도 胞子形成菌數와 비슷한 경향을 나타내었고, B. subtilis接種이 그람 음성 세균수의 변동에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4) F. oxysporum의 菌數는 크로버 시용구에서보다 크로버+F. oxysporum 접종구에서 25배 정도 증가하였으나 크로버+B. subtilis 접종구에서는 크로버+F. oxysporum 접종구보다 약 5배 정도의 감소경향을 나타내었다. 또한 F. oxysporum菌數는 볏짚+F. oxysporum區에서 볏짚 單獨施用區보다 3배 정도 증가하였으나 볏짚+B. subtilis+F. oxysporum접종구는 볏짚+F. oxysporum접종구보다 F. oxysporum의 數가 약 17배 정도 감소경향을 나타내었다. 더욱이 F. oxysporum菌數는 크로버+B. subtilis+F. oxysporum접종구보다 볏짚+B. subtilis+F. oxysporum접종구에서 약 40배 정도의 감소경향을 나타내었다. 5) 크로버 시용구의 토양 pH는 약 ph 9에 이르러 토양 ph가 alkali화되었으며 볏짚시용구의 토양 ph는 큰 변화 없이 약산성을 유지하였다. This study has been conducted to investigate the adaptation of Bacillus subtilis to the soil and the antagonistic interaction between B. subtilis and pathogen Fusarium oxysporum as well as the periodic change of soil microflora when B. subtilis was inoculated to the soil treated with organic matters. Some results obtained from this study are as follows : 1) The number of B. subtilis was more increased about 6 times in the plot inoculated with B.subtilis than in control plot. It was relatively double in the organic matter+ B. subtilis plot than in the only organic matter plot. B. subtilis was particuraly increased about 3 times in the straw +B. subtilis plot, compared with the clover +B. subtilis plot. 2) The number of total bacteria and fungi was decreased by 23% and 20% in the plot inoculated with B.subtilis respectively than in control plot. It was not only decreased by 33% and 16% in the clover+B. subtilis plot respectively than in the only clover plot but it was also decreased by 29% and 32% in the straw+B. subtilis plot respectively than in the only straw plot. 3) The number of spore-forming bacteria was increased about 10 times in the plot inoculated with B.subtilis than in the control plot. It was also increased 2 times and 4 times in the clover+B.subtilis plot and in the straw+B. subtilis plot respectively than in each organic matter plot. The number of gram-negative bacteria and the spore-forming bacteria were slightly increased in all the plot inoculated with B. subtilis. 4) The number of F. oxysporum was increased about 25 times in the clover+ F. oxysporum plot than in the only clover plot. But it was decreased about 5 times in the clover+B.subtilis+ F. oxysporum plot than in the clover +F. oxysporum plot. Furthermore, F. oxysporum was remarkably decreased about 40times in the straw+B. subtilis+ F. oxysporum plot than in the clover+b. subtilis+ F. oxysporum plot. It occured that B. subtilis had inhibited the growth of pathogen F. oxysporum when B. subtilis was inoculation to the soil treated with straw. 5) Soil pH was changed to pH 9 in the plot treated with clover to become the alkalification of experimental soil. Meanwhile it was not changed in the plot treated with straw.

A STUDY ON THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KOREAN YI-DYNASTY BELL TYPE STRUCTURE

Kong,Chang-Duck,Chung,Suk-Choo,Yum,Young-Ha 서울산업대학교 산업대학원 1993 大學院論文集 Vol.2 No.-

The dynamic characteristics of the Korean Yi-dynasty bell type structure, including the acoustic effects, are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The numerical solutions of natural frequencies and mode shape for membrane and flexural behavior are obtained by using the NASTRAN program for the finite element method with plate shell elements of triangular and quadrilateral types. Test bells, A and B types similar to the Kap-Sa bell in Kong-Ju chosen among typical Korean Yi-dynasty bells, are manufactured on different scales to the original bell. To consider the effects of the variation of the structural dimension on the dynamic response, these bells are analyzed with respect to variation of the thickness of the well and the bottom rim and the asymmetric Dang-Jwas. The impact method with the Fast Fourier Transform Analyzer is adopted to experimentally assess the dynamic response. Results are in good agreement with the numerical solutions.

CRW형식 무인항공기 추진시스템의 밸브작동을 고려한 비행모드 전환에 따른 천이성능 특성 연구

공창덕,박종하,강명철,양수석 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2005 機械技術硏究 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구는 CRW형식 무인항공기 추진시스템의 밸브작동을 고려한 비행모드에 따른 천이 성능특성을 파악하기 위해 SIMULINK를 이용하여 모델링 하였다. 주 엔진시스템의 천이 모사에는 ICV방법이 적용되었다. 그리고 밸브시스템은 로터리 덕트와 메인 덕트로 빠져나가는 유량을 제어하는 시스템으로서 밸브를 통해 로터리 덕트로 빠져나가는 유량과 메인 덕트를 빠져나가는 유량의 합은 터빈의 출구 유량과 같다는 가정하에 수행되었으며, 이 때 밸브각 변화에 따른 손실, 유량 및 유효면적 등이 고려되었다. 성능해석은 비행 천이 영역인 고도 1Km 비행마하수 0.1에서 엔진최대회전수시 회전익 모드에서 고정익 모드로 변환시외 고정익 모드에서 회전익 모드로 변환 경우들이 수행되었다. In order to investigate transient behaviour of the CRW(Canard Rotor Wing) type UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) propulsion system during flight mode transition considering flow control valve operation, the propulsion system was modelled using SIMULINK commercial program. For transient simulation of the main engine system, the ICV(Inter-Component Volume) method was applied. The valve system is to control the gas flow of the rotary duct system and the main duct system, and the analysis was performed with an assumption that the total gas mass flow of the main engine is the same as summation of the rotary duct flow and the main duct flow, and with consideration of valve loss, flow rate and effective area in valve angle variation. The performance analysis was carried out during flight mode transitions from the rotary flight mode to the fixed wing flight mode and vice versa mode at altitude of 1Km, flight Mach number 0.1 and maximum engine rpm.

1-(3′,5′-dihydroxyphenoxy)-7-(2″,4″,6-trihydroxyphenoxy)-2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4-dioxin Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Fibroblasts

Kong, Chang-Suk,Kim, Jung-Ae,Ahn, Byul-Nim,Vo, Thanh Sang,Yoon, Na-Young,Kim, Se-Kwon Springer-Verlag 2010 Marine biotechnology Vol.12 No.3

Nanofiber deposition by electroblowing of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)

Kong, Chang Suk,Yoo, Wan Suk,Lee, Kui Young,Kim, Han Seong Springer-Verlag 2009 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.44 No.4

Antiproliferative Effect of Chitosan-Added Kimchi in HT-29 Human Colon Carcinoma Cells

Chang-Suk Kong,Young-Eun Bahn,김보경,Kang-Yoon Lee,박건영 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.1

The anticancer effects of chitosan-added kimchi were investigated by using an in vitro cellular system with HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Two different kinds of chitosan—soluble chitosan with a 90% degree of deacetylation and 3cps viscosity and nonsoluble chitosan with a 95% degree of deacetylation and 22cps viscosity—were used as subingredients to increase anticancer effects of kimchi. The soluble chitosan-added kimchi (SK) and nonsoluble chitosan-added kimchi (NK) were stronger growth inhibitors in HT-29 cells than the control kimchi (CK) according to the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the growth inhibition test. Treatment with SK and NK induced apoptosis, as determined by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and resulted in the up-regulation of Bax expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2, cIAP-1, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-2, cyclooxygenase-2, inhibitory nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) expressions when compared to CK. The antiproliferative and anti-apoptotic effects appeared to be more pronounced in the cells treated with NK. The antiproliferative effects of the chitosan-added kimchi appeared to be associated with the induction of apoptosis through NF-κB or an NF-κB-dependent pathway. These results suggest that chitosan has potential to be a valuable active ingredient in functional kimchi products with anticancer effects.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Solvent-Partitioned Fractions from Spergularia marina in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

Kong, Chang-Suk The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2014 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.19 No.4

As a part of ongoing research to elucidate and characterize antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, solvent-partitioned fractions from Spergularia marina were tested for their ability to scavenge radicals and suppress inflammation. The results of the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay indicate that solvent-partitioned fractions from S. marina scavenged intracellular radicals in $H_2O_2$-stimulated mouse macrophages. The tested fractions decreased the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inflammation mediators, namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-6, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophages, indicating that S. marina decreases inflammation. Among all tested fractions [i.e., $H_2O$, n-buthanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH), and n-hexane], the 85% aq. MeOH fraction showed the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction scavenged 80% of the free radicals produced by $H_2O_2$-induced control cells. In addition, NO production was 98% lower in 85% aq. MeOH fraction-treated cells compared to LPS-induced control cells. The mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-6 was also suppressed in 85% aq. MeOH fraction-treated cells. The results of the current study suggest that the phenolic compound components of S. marina are responsible for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Inhibitory Effect of Sargassum sp. on 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation

Chang-Suk KONG,Jung-Ae KIM 한국생물공학회 2013 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.4

Electrospinning Mechanism for Producing Nanoscale Polymer Fibers

Kong, Chang Suk,Yoo, Wan Suk,Jo, Na Gyeong,Kim, Han Seong Taylor Francis 2010 Journal of macromolecular science. Part B Vol.49 No.1

<P> Electrospinning provides a straightforward method to produce polymer fibers with nanoscale diameters. Although the setup for electrospinning is simple and convenient, the spinning mechanism itself is quite complicated. A complete understanding of this mechanism remains to be elucidated and the factors that govern fiber formation are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the electrospinning instabilities by observing the electrospinning jet behaviors with various photographic exposure times ranging from 1/100 to 1/10,000 of a second and the corresponding fiber depositions. We propose an electrospinning mechanism responsible for producing nanoscale fibers and their deposition patterns.</P>

Reduced Leptin and Raised Glycerol Secretions in Mouse 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Garlic-added Kochujang

Chang-Suk Kong,Ju-Hong Mun,Su-Ok Kim,Hye-Kyung Jung,In-Sook Ahn,Sook-Hee Rhee,Kun-Young Park 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.11 No.2

In order to develop the improved kochujang with an anti-adipogenic effect, garlic-added kochujang was prepared and followed by fermentation at 30℃ for 120 days. Anti-adipogenic effects of the garlic-added kochujang in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes were investigated by measuring leptin and glycerol levels as indicators of lipid accumulation associated with lipolysis, respectively. Additional levels of garlic powder in the preparation of kochujang was determined from the result of a sensory evaluation test. Garlic-added kochujang showed the highest points when the added content was 3%. Fermentation of kochujang led to the decreased leptin secretion and increased glycerol release in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The addition of garlic to the kochujang also resulted in reduced leptin secretion and induced lipolysis. Since these results suggested that addition of garlic into kochujang can improve the anti-adipogenic effects of kochujang, it might be possible to develop garlic-added kochujang as an antiobesity-functional kochujang.