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      • Design optimization of ink in electrohydrodynamic jet printing: Effect of viscoelasticity on the formation of Taylor cone jet

        Yu, M.,Ahn, K.H.,Lee, S.J. Elsevier Ltd 2016 Materials & Design Vol.89 No.-

        <P>The formation of Taylor cone jet is a key process in electrohydrodynamic printing that is used to produce high resolution patterns. Even though the inks are complex fluids composed of particles, binder, and solvent, most of previous researches have assumed the ink as a Newtonian fluid. In this study, we investigate the effect of viscoelasticity of the ink on Taylor cone jet using two model systems designed to control the elasticity and viscosity of the ink independently. The elasticity and viscosity improve the stability by expanding the operating windows for Taylor cone jet. The results can be summarized in terms of two parameters: elasticity parameter, xi, and viscosity parameter, chi. The increase in elasticity widens the range of voltage for Taylor cone jet zone, while the range of flow rate remains independent of elasticity. The effect of elasticity is dominant for xi>1 while it is nearly negligible for xi<1. When the viscosity is increased, the Taylor cone jet zone is widened mainly by the flow rate when chi<1, while the voltage stabilizes the Taylor cone jet for chi>1. This study will contribute to the optimal design of EHD printing ink by providing the operating window maps in terms of material properties. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

      • A real-time decision model for industrial load management in a smart grid

        Yu, M.,Lu, R.,Hong, S.H. Applied Science Publishers 2016 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.183 No.-

        <P>The potential impacts of evolving industrial load management into demand response (DR) programs have been widely acknowledged. This paper proposes a real-time decision model for the load management of an industrial manufacturing process in the face of ever-changing real-time prices (RTPs). Due to the inherent dependence between consecutive tasks in a manufacturing process, the decision model must take future load management into consideration. The challenge lies in the uncertainty that future RTPs cannot be known in advance. In view of this, robust optimization was adopted to deal with future price uncertainties, such that the proposed model is able to make timely decisions for industrial load control when receiving the RTP for the current time slot, while considering load scheduling in future time slots. The case study was conducted on a steel powder manufacturing process; simulation results validated the effectiveness of the proposed real-time decision approach from various perspectives. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Carbon nanotubes/aluminum composite as a hydrogen source for PEMFC

        Yu, M.,Kim, M.,Yoon, B.,Oh, S.,Nam, D.H.,Kwon, H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.34

        Al matrix composites reinforced with 0-5 vol. % carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) to examine their hydrogen generation properties from the hydrolysis of Al in 10 wt. % NaOH solution at room temperature. The 5 vol. % CNTs/Al composite exhibits a maximum hydrogen generation rate of 120 ml/min g, which is about 6 times higher than that of Al without CNTs due to the synergetic effects of the porous Al matrix, which has a large reaction area and galvanic corrosion between the Al matrix and the CNTs. The hydrogen gas generated from the hydrolysis of the CNTs/Al composite has high purity without any production of undesirable CO. PEMFC produced electricity at 10 A and 0.73 V for 13 min, with hydrogen generated from the hydrolysis of 3.5 g-5 vol. % CNTs/Al composite. The CNTs/Al composite was effectively used as a hydrogen source for PEMFC.

      • 新羅의 三國統一政策과 우리의 統一安保敎育과의 函數關係 硏究

        崔廉烈,閔慶浩 湖西大學校工業技術硏究所 1985 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.4 No.-

        Korean peninsular was devided into South and North Korea by a few powers since World WarⅡ. Thought forty years have passed since then, the prospect for the peace and the unification in this peninsular is not bright now. This situation is not desirable not only for ourselves but also for the world. Recently it is often said that "Unification" reminds us of "Ideology". The aim of this thesis is to help to rightly understand the unification and the national security of this peninsualr, by studying the relationship between Silla's policy for the unification of the three kingdoms and our present education for unification and the national security. What was Silla's policy for the unification of the three kingdom? For their existence, there was only one way --- "Unification". In those days the unification had to be pursued in a specific social and historical environment, and in a special reality. And this article shows that Silla's policy for unification must be found in comparison with Mencius' political ideas. 1) The king of Hsiang of Liang asked Mencius, "How can be the whole country stabilized?" Mencius replied, "When the whole country will be unified, there will be peace in it." "Who on earth will unify it?", the king asked again. Mencius said, "I replied. He who has no pleasure in killing men can unit it." (Chapter Ⅰ, TheWWorks of Mencius) 2) The duke W???n of Ta???g asked Mencius, saying "T???ng is a small kingdom, and lies between Ch??? and Ch???. Shall I serve Ch??? or shall I serve Ch??? ?" Mencius replied, "This plan which you propose is beyond me. If you will have me counsel you, there is one thing I can suggest. Dig deeper your moats; build higher your walls; guard them as well as your people. In case of attack, be prepared to die in your defence, and have the people so that they will not leave you; This is a proper course. 3) The duke W???n of Ta???ng asked Mencius, saying "The people of Ch??? are going to fortify Hsieh. The movement occasions me great alarm. What is the proper course for me to take in the case? Mencius replied, "Formerly, when king Tai dwelt in Pin, the barbarians of the north were continually making incursions upon it. He therefore, left it, went to the foot of Mount Ch??? and there took up his residence. He did not take that situation, as having selected it. It was a matter of necessity with him. If you do good, among your descendants in after generations, there shall be one whoi will attain to the royal dignity. A price lays the foundation of the inheritance, and hands down the begining which he has made, doing what may be continued by his successors. As to the accomplishment of the great result, that is with Heaven. What is that Ch??? to you, Oh, Prince? Be strong to do good, That is all your business." 4) The duke W???n of T???ng asked Mencius, saying "T???ng is a small state. Though I do my utmost to serve those large kingdoms on either side of it, we cannot escape suffering from them. What course shall I take that we may do so?" Mencius replied, "Formerly, when King T???i dwelt in Pin, the barbarians of the north were constantly making incursions upon it. He served them with skins and silks and still he suffered from them. He served them with dogs and horses and still he suffered from them he served them pearls saying, "What the barbarians want is my territory. I have heard this -- that a ruler does not injure his people with that where-with he nourishes them. My children, why should you be troubled about having no prince? I will leave this." Accordingly, he left Pin, crossed the mountain Liang, built a town at the foot of Mount Chi, and dwelt there. The people of the Pin said, "He is a behavolent man. We must not lose him." Those who followed him looked like crowds hastening to market. On the other hand, some say, "As the kingdom is a thing to be kept from generation to generation, on e individual cannot undertake to dispose of it in his own personh. Let him be prepared to die for it. Let him not quit it." I ask you, prince, to make your selection between these two courses." 5) The King Hs???an of Ch??? asked, "Is there any way to regulate one's maintenance of intercourse with neighboring kingdoms?" Mencius replied, "There is. But it requires a perfectly virtuous prince to be able, with a great country, to serve a small one, -- as, for instance, T???ng served Ko, and King W???n served the Kw???n barbarians. And it requires a wise prince to be able, with a small country, to serve a large one,--- as the King T???i served the Hs???n-y???, and K???u-ch???en served W???. He who with a great state serves a small one, delignts in Heaven. He who with a small state serve a large one, stands in are of Heaven. He who delignts in Heaven will affect with his love and protection the whole kingdom. He who stands in awe of Heaven will affect with his love and protection his the Majesty of Heaven, and will thus preserve its favouring decree. - Adapted from Stduies in the History of Sinlla by Dr. Yasukazu Suematsu in Gakushuin University, at the request of Harvard - Yenching Institute. -

      • KCI등재

        남성 근로자의 고혈압 유무에 따른 열량 영양소 및 지질 섭취 상태 비교

        김연정,김수근,백윤미,김미경 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

        목적: 본 연구에서는 정상 근로자와 고혈압인 근로자간의 식이섭취 실태의 차이를 파악하여 효과적인 사업장 고혈압 관리 방안에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방법: 연구 대상은 임의 추출한 발전소 근무자 427명을 대상으로 하였으며, 신장, 체중과 혈압을 측정하고, 생활습관 및 식품섭취빈도조사를 실시하여 자료가 완전한 338명을 분석하였다. 대상자를 정상, 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군으로 분류하여 각 군 간 연령, 신장, 체중, 체질량지수, 혈압 등 인체계측 결과와 흡연, 음주, 운동 등 생활습관 및 열량 영양소 섭취 상태, 지질 성취상태의 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 연령과 신장은 세 군 간 차이가 없었으나 체중과 체질량지수는 고혈압 군과 다른 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 세 군 모두 흡연율은 40.0% 미만으로 차이가 없었으나 흡연량은 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군이 정상군보다 유의하게 더 많았다(p<0.05). 음주 습관에서 음주 빈도와 음주량은 경계 고혈압군이 다른 두 군보다 더 높았으며, 음주량만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 운동 빈도는 주3회 이상 하는 경우가 정상군에서 높았으나 세 군 간에 차이가 없었다. 총 열량 섭취량은 세 군 간 차이가 없었으나, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방 섭취량과 3대 영양소의 에너지 섭취 비율은 세 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 고혈압 군이 다른 군 보다 탄수화물의 섭취는 많고, 지방 섭취는 적었다(p<0.05). 정상군에 비해 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군이 콜레스테롤 섭취량이 상대적으로 적었으나, 유의한 차이가 없었다. P / M /S비도 세 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 경계 고혈압군은 총 열량, 단백질, 지방 과잉 섭취자의 비율이 높았고, 고혈압군은 탄수화물, 지방 과잉섭취자의 비율이 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 정상 근로자와 고혈압 환자 간에 탄수화물 섭취에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군에서 열량 영양소 섭취와 지방산 섭취가 상대적으로 불균형하였다. 이러한 연구결과에 따라 고혈압뿐만 아니라 경계 고혈압단계에 있는 근로자를 조기에 발견하여 식습관을 포함한 생활습관을 개선하도록 관리할 필요가 있다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in nutrient intake between normotensive workers and hypertensive workers to obtain basic data for developing a program of effective hypertension care at work. Methods: The subjects were 338 male workers. We measured physical data by medical examination and collected lifestyle data by questionnaire survey. Dietary intakes were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. We classified the subjects into normal, prehypertension, and hypertension groups, and compared the results of age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lifestyles and energy nutrients and lipids intake. Results: There were significant differences in both weight and BMI between the hypertension group and the other two groups (p<0.05). The smoking levels of the prehypertension group and hypertension group were significantly higher than that of the normal group (p<0.05). The three groups also showed significant differences in drinking amount (p<0.05). There were significant differences in carbohydrate and protein intakes and the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant difference in carbohydrate intake between normotensive and hypertensive workers, and the intake of energy nutrients and fatty acids in the prehypertension group and hypertension groups was unbalanced. Therefore, early diagnosis of workers with hypertension and prehypertension is necessary to improve lifestyles particularly food habit.

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