육상교통 인프라 구축을 위한 다중 네트워크 간 미지정수 수준 조정이 고려된 Compact Network RTK 보정정보 생성기법 연구

송준솔 ( June Sol Song ),박병운 ( Byung Woon Park ),기창돈 ( Chang Don Kee ) 한국항행학회 2013 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.17 No.4

정적 사용자에 한정되었던 Network RTK 서비스는, 최근 차량 사용자와 같은 동적 사용자를 위한 고 정확도 항법에 대한 요구 증가로 동적 사용자에 대한 적용 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 동적 사용자는 위치 이동에 따라 보정정보가 생성되는 기준 국 조합이 변경될 가능성이 있으며, 사용자의 균일한 정확도 유지를 위해서 Compact Network RTK 보정정보는 기준 국 조합에 상관없이 일관성을 유지해야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기준 국에서 수행 가능한 네트워크 간 미지정수 수준 조정 방법을 제안하고, 이론적 수식전개를 통해 설명하였다. 전국 단위의 가상의 다중 네트워크를 설정하여 미지정수 수준 조정 방법에 대한 성능 검증을 수행하였으며, 사 용자 이동에 따른 네트워크 변경 상황을 가정하고, 사용자 위치의 보정정보를 미지정수 수준 조정 여부에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 또한, 두 네트워크 경계 지점에 있는 사용자에 대해 GPS 실측 데이터를 활용하여 사용자 성 능을 예측하였다. 그 결과, 미지정수 수준 전 수 cycle에 해당하는 두 네트워크 간 보정정보 불연속이 0.25 cycle 이내로 감소하였으며, 미지정수 수준 전, 2DRMS 40~50cm에 달했던 수평오차가 사용자는 네트워크 변경 에 상관없이 수평 정확도 8 cm (2DRMS) 이내의 일관된 위치 정확도의 연속적인 획득이 가능하였다. Network RTK is widely used especially for static applications so far, however, the demand for high accuracy positioning for kinetic users such as land vehicles is growing for safety and convenience reasons. Kinematic users move along the roads and the network where they receive corrections can be changed. Compact Network RTK corrections should keep consistency while network change. In this paper, we introduced a method of generating Compact Network RTK corrections considering network ambiguity level adjustment by formulation of corrections. We verified the proposed method for reference station networks across whole country. We also generated Compact Network RTK corrections using simulation and real GPS data from reference stations in South Korea and evaluated performance of users. As a result, the discontinuity between corrections from two networks reduced to 0.25 cycle from several cycles. And user could achieve less than 8 cm (2DRMS) horizontal position accuracy continuously regardless of network change.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

요추간판팽윤증 환자에서 전산화단층촬영술과 척수강조영술의 역할

송창준 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

Computed tomography is beginning to play a major role in the diagnosis of lesions of the spine. Many physicians, reluctant to subject their patients to myelography, are beginning to rely on computed tomography as the primary method for the evaluation of lumbar spinal stenosis and diseases of the lumbar intervertebral discs. But, as availability of computed tomography is increased, the possible role of the computed tomography, in interpreting the degree of thecal sac compression based on narrowing of the spinal canal, in predicting pathologic focus consistent with radiculopathy and in confindently confirming diffuse bulging disc to the cause of the radiculopathy has been debated in reports of the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of computed tomographic measurements and to correlate such measurements with the myelographic findings in patients with diffuse bulging of lumbar intervertebral discs. The computed tomographic scans and myelograms, which had been simultaneously performed, of twenty-six patients with diffuse bulging discs were retrospectively reviewed. In 5 cases of 12 cases(41.6%) which anterior-posterior(AP) diameter of the spinal canal on crosssectional image obtained by computed tomography was less than 1.2 cm, degree of the thecal sac compression on lateral myelogram was less than 20%. In 8 cases of 16 cases(50%) which showed 20% to 40% thecal sac compression on myelogram, AP diameters of the spinal canal were more than 1.4 cm. Cutoff of nerve root sleeves were observed in 5 cases which spinal canal AP diameter was more than 1.2 cm, and evidence of nerve root compression was not observed in 8 cases of 24 cases(33%) which AP diameter was less than 1.2 cm. In conclusion, from this comparative review, measurements of computed tomography in diffuse bulging of the lumbar intervertebral discs are not reliable and lumbar myelography is to be considered as an adjunctive modality in the cases requiring active treatment such as surgical management.

백서의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin-C-Polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

송규상,강대영,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

To evaluate the in-vivo effects of mitomycin-C-polyglycolic acid composite(MMC-PGA) the disk: shaped composite were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The pathologic changes were examined at various time points up to 12 weeks. Initially the soft tissue around the inserted disks showed capillary congestion at 3 days. Inflammatory infiltrates with foreign body giant cells appeared from the 2nd week and reached peak response at 6-8 weeks. These reaction diminished prominently at 12 weeks. No specific pathologic change was found in the liver, the kidneys, and the heart. The above results suggest that the MMC-PGA composite can serve as a new device for intraperitoneal chemotherapy of various types of cancers.

결핵성 경부임파선염의 전산화 단층촬영 소견

송창준,정연수,최창락,윤완규,조준식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose : To evaluate the computed tomography (CT) findings of the cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis Methods and materials : The CT features in 10 patients of tuberculous lymphadenitis were retrospectively reviewed. We characterized the morphologic appearances of lymphadenopathy on post-contrast CT scan and comparatively evaluated the densities of central necrotic portion and peripheral solid portion of necrotic nodes on pre-contrast CT scan. All examines were performed on a General Electric Hispeed Advantage RP System. Ten millimeter and five millimeter contiguous sections from skull base to thoracic inlet were obtained for the pre-contrast and post-contrast images respectively. Results : Most patients were young adults. A painless neck mass was the most common chief complaint and the duration of the symptoms was about 5 months. The average number of diseased lymph nodes was 3.7. Unilateral involvement was 4 times as common as bilateral location. Central necrotic lymphadenopathy was 78.3% of 37 enlarged lymph nodes and the density of the nerotic portion was isodense to the density of the peripheral wall on pre-contrast images in 71.4% of necrotic lymph nodes. The most common morphologic features of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis was the type of a multichambered or conglomerated necrotic lymphadenopathy with a peripheral irregular enhancement. Conclusion : The tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis was highly suggestive when the diseased lymph nodes show the central necrosis, the morphologic features of multichambered or conglomerated necrotic lymphadenopathy with a strong peripheral irregular contrast enhancement, and necrotic materails isodense to peripheral solid portion on pre-contrast CT scan in young adult patients who complain of a painless neck mass.

미만성 축삭손상의 자기공명 영상소견

송창준 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose : To assess how accurately magnetic resonance image can demonstrate the diffuse axonal shearing injury which is believed to be developed after head trauma by the mechanism to which Holbourn suggested, to analysis the MR findings of shearing injuries, and to do comparative study of MR and CT. Materials and method : Twelve patients studied to evaluate the sequelae of head trauma who underwent MR and had diffuse shear injuries on magnetic resonance images were included in the series. Patients who have a possibility of cerebral infarction, have a widened Virchow-Robin space due to cerebral atrophy, and have a possibility of fat embolism from the clinical course were excluded from the study. The author evaluated MR findings with the special attention to the prevalant location, size, shape and presence of hemorrhage, and tried to define the respective roles of MR and CT. Results : The locations of the lesions were Gray-white matter junction of lobar white matter, corpus callosum, subcortical gray matter, internal capsule, brainstem, and cerebellum. Non-hemorrhagic lesions were snore common than hemorrhagic lesions, especially in the gray-white matter junction. Size and shape of the lesions in the gray-white matter junction and of the lesions in the rest were punctate and small granular, and oval or round shaped lesions, respectively. MR was found to be equal or superior to CT in all the cases. Conclusion : MMR is extremely valuable in the assessment of patients with head trauma and recommend it as the primary imaging method in all patients with minor head trauma as well as in those with moderate to severe injuries in the subacute, chronic, or remote, though CT still remains as an important imaging modality for the acutely injured patients with significant neurologic impairment because of the limitations of MR in the identification of subarachnoid hemorrhage, acute parenchymal hemorrhage and skull fracture.

방사선치료 조사영역 내에 발생한 설암 환자에서 입체조형방사선치료 경험 : 증례보고

조문준,장지영,김기환,김병국,송창준,김준상,김재성 충남대학교 암연구소 2003 암연구소 업적집 Vol.3 No.-

Objectives : We report an interim result of conformal radiotherapy in a patient with early stage cancer at the base of the tongue, which developed in a previously irradiated area. Materials and Methods : A 64-year-old male patient was diagnosed with T4NOMO supraglottic cancer. He received 72Gy of radiation therapy from 21 November 1988 to 24 February 1989. He had local failure and underwent a salvage total laryngectomy on 28 August 1989. Subsequently, he did well. In early 1999, he suffered from throat pain. He had a 2.5cm ulcerative mass at the base of his tongue, in the area that had been irradiated previously. Biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma. After workup, he was diagnosed with base of tongue cancer with T2NOMO. Surgery was not feasible because the morbidity was not acceptable. Since it was difficult to re-irradiate the area with a curable dose using conventional 2D radiation therapy with an acceptable morbidity, we decided to try conformal radiotherapy. We used 7 static beam ports with field sizes from 7×6.4 to 8×8㎠, using 6 and 10MV photons. The fractionation regimen was 1.8Gy, 5 times per week. He received 64.8Gy in 36 fractions from 9 April 1999 to 1 June 1999. Results : In the 21 months since radiotherapy, the patient has not experienced any acute or chronic complications, such as xerostomia. He experienced relief of pain shortly after the start of radiotherapy, showed a complete response, and is still doing well. Conclusion : Conformal radiotherapy can be used to treat cancer that develops within a previously irradiated field, with curative intent.

1,2-디클로로에탄에서 트리페닐포스핀과 비스(디에틸디티오카바마토)디옥소몰리브덴(Ⅳ)착물의 산소이동반응

김창수,송세준 대구대학교 부설 과학교육연구소 1989 과학교육 Vol.2 No.-

위암에 의한 간 전이의 CT 진단에 있어 조영제의 급속 정맥주사방법을 이용한 문맥기 역동적 CT의 유용성 : Usefulness of Bolus Dynamic CT During Portal Phase

조준식,송창준,김종철,이병철 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose : We evaluated the usefulness of dynamic CT during portal phase with faster injection rate of contrast material in detecting hepatic metastases from gastric cancers. Subjects and Methods : We retrospectively analyzed two-phase dynamic CT findings (portal phase and equilibrium phase) in 17 patients with pathologically proven gastric cancers and hepatic metastases. In 13 patients, a total of 150ml of nonionic contrast material was administered with a power injector at a flow rate of 5ml/sec for 30 sec, and two-phase images were obtained at 45-70 sec (portal phase) and 2-4 min (equilibrium phase) after the start of bolus injection. In four patients, two-phase dynamic CT with spiral technique was performed with the same method. Results : In cases of metastases less than 1 cm in diameter, 65 lesions were detected in the portal phase that showed clearly defined hypodense lesions in highly enhanced hepatic parenchyma. Whereas, only nine (14%) lesions were detected in the equilibrium phase and the remaining 56(86%) lesions showed isoattenuation. In cases of metastases more than 1 cm in diameter, 37 lesions were detected in the portal phase that showed clearly defined hypoattenuations. whereas, the images of equilibrium phase showed isoattenuation in five (14%), mixed attenuation in three (8%), and hypoattenuation in 29 (78%). The lesions detected in the equilibrium phase showed poorly defined hypodense lesions and tended to decrease in size due to peripheral enhancement of lesions. Conclusion : Dynamic CT during portal phase with faster injection rate of IV contrast material is an useful technique in detecting hepatic metastases from gastric cancers, particularly small lesions less than 1 cm in diameter.

방사선치료 조사영역 내에 발생한 설암 환자에서 입체조형방사선치료 경험 : 증례보고

조문준,장지영,김기환,김병국,송창준,김준상,김재성 충남대학교 암공동연구소 2003 암공동연구소 업적집 Vol.3 No.

Objectives : We report an interim result of conformal radiotherapy in a patient with early stage cancer at the base of the tongue, which developed in a previously irradiated area. Materials and Methods : A 64-year-old male patient was diagnosed with T4NOMO supraglottic cancer. He received 72Gy of radiation therapy from 21 November 1988 to 24 February 1989. He had local failure and underwent a salvage total laryngectomy on 28 August 1989. Subsequently, he did well. In early 1999, he suffered from throat pain. He had a 2.5cm ulcerative mass at the base of his tongue, in the area that had been irradiated previously. Biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma. After workup, he was diagnosed with base of tongue cancer with T2NOMO. Surgery was not feasible because the morbidity was not acceptable. Since it was difficult to re-irradiate the area with a curable dose using conventional 2D radiation therapy with an acceptable morbidity, we decided to try conformal radiotherapy. We used 7 static beam ports with field sizes from 7×6.4 to 8×8㎠, using 6 and 10MV photons. The fractionation regimen was 1.8Gy, 5 times per week. He received 64.8Gy in 36 fractions from 9 April 1999 to 1 June 1999. Results : In the 21 months since radiotherapy, the patient has not experienced any acute or chronic complications, such as xerostomia. He experienced relief of pain shortly after the start of radiotherapy, showed a complete response, and is still doing well. Conclusion : Conformal radiotherapy can be used to treat cancer that develops within a previously irradiated field, with curative intent.