북서태평양에 서식하는 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 계군 분석에 대한 고찰

김정연,문창호,윤문근,강창근,김경렬,나태희,최은정,이충일,Kim, Jeong-Yun,Moon, Chang-Ho,Yoon, Moon-Geun,Kang, Chang-Keun,Kim, Kyung-Ryul,Na, Taehee,Choy, Eun Jung,Lee, Chung Il 한국해양학회 2012 바다 Vol.17 No.4

This paper reviews comparison analysis of current and latest application for stock identification methods of Todarodes pacificus, and the pros and cons of each method and consideration of how to compensate for each other. Todarodes pacificus which migrates wide areas in western North Pacific is important fishery resource ecologically and commercially. Todarodes pacificus is also considered as 'biological indicator' of ocean environmental changes. And changes in its short and long term catch and distribution area occur along with environmental changes. For example, while the catch of pollack, a cold water fish, has dramatically decreased until today after the climate regime shift in 1987/1988, the catch of Todarodes pacificus has been dramatically increased. Regarding the decrease in pollack catch, overfishing and climate changes were considered as the main causes, but there has been no definite reason until today. One of the reasons why there is no definite answer is related with no proper analysis about ecological and environmental aspects based on stock identification. Subpopulation is a group sharing the same gene pool through sexual reproduction process within limited boundaries having similar ecological characteristics. Each individual with same stock might be affected by different environment in temporal and spatial during the process of spawning, recruitment and then reproduction. Thereby, accurate stock analysis about the species can play an efficient alternative to comply with effective resource management and rapid changes. Four main stock analysis were applied to Todarodes pacificus: Morphologic Method, Ecological Method, Tagging Method, Genetic Method. Ecological method is studies for analysis of differences in spawning grounds by analysing the individual ecological change, distribution, migration status, parasitic state of parasite, kinds of parasite and parasite infection rate etc. Currently the method has been studying lively can identify the group in the similar environment. However It is difficult to know to identify the same genetic group in each other. Tagging Method is direct method. It can analyse cohort's migration, distribution and location of spawning, but it is very difficult to recapture tagged squids and hard to tag juveniles. Genetic method, which is for useful fishery resource stock analysis has provided the basic information regarding resource management study. Genetic method for stock analysis is determined according to markers' sensitivity and need to select high multiform of genetic markers. For stock identification, isozyme multiform has been used for genetic markers. Recently there is increase in use of makers with high range variability among DNA sequencing like mitochondria, microsatellite. Even the current morphologic method, tagging method and ecological method played important rolls through finding Todarodes pacificus' life cycle, migration route and changes in spawning grounds, it is still difficult to analyze the stock of Todarodes pacificus as those are distributed in difference seas. Lately, by taking advantages of each stock analysis method, more complicated method is being applied. If based on such analysis and genetic method for improvement are played, there will be much advance in management system for the resource fluctuation of Todarodes pacificus. 본 종설논문은 살오징어의 기존 및 최근에 새롭게 적용되고 있는 계군 분석방법들을 비교 분석하여 각 분석방법의 장단점과 분석방법간의 상호보완에 대하여 고찰하였다. 살오징어는 북서태평양의 넓은 지역을 회유하는 어종으로 생태계 및 상업적으로 중요한 자원이다. 살오징어는 해양환경변화의 생물학적 지표로서의 가능성을 평가 받고 있으며, 장단기적인 어획량 및 분포역의 변화가 환경 변화와 함께 나타난다. 예를 들어, 1987/1988 무렵에 발생한 기후체제전환 이후 한류성 어종으로 분류되는 명태의 어획량은 급감하여 현재까지 그 영향이 지속되고 있는 반면, 살 오징어 어획량은 크게 증가하였다. 현재까지 명태 어획량의 감소에 대하여 남획과 기후변화에 초점이 맞추어진 해석이 있으나, 뚜렷한 원인 분석은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 그 이유 중 한 가지는 계군 분석에 근거한 생태, 환경적 측면에 대한 정확한 원인 분석이 이루어지지 않고 있는 것과 관련이 된다. 계군은 유사한 생물학적 특징을 가진 개체들이 제한된 영역 내에서 유성생식과정을 통하여 동일한 유전자 풀(gene pool)을 공유하는 집단으로, 동일 계군을 형성하는 개체들은 산란에서 자원으로 가입 후 다시 재생산 과정에 이르기까지 시간 및 공간적으로 각기 다른 환경의 영향을 받을 수 있다. 따라서, 종에 대한 정확한 계군 분석은 자원의 효과적인 관리 및 급격한 변화에 대한 중요한 대응 방안의 역할을 할 수 있다. 살오징어 계군 분석에 적용된 주요 방법은 크게 4가지로 형태학적 방법, 생태학적 방법, 표지방류법, 유전학적 방법이 있다. 형태학적인 방법은 분석방법이 가장 간단하고 다수의 개체를 비교적 쉽게 분석할 수 있지만 각 형질들은 성장기간 동안 환경에 의해 영향을 많이 받게 되어 개체간의 차이가 생긴다. 생태학적 방법은 주로 개체의 생리적인 변화와 분포 및 회유상태, 기생충의 기생상태나 종류 및 기생률 등을 분석, 산란장의 차이를 알아보는 연구이며, 현재 활발히 연구되고 있는 방법으로 유사한 환경에서 생활하는 집단을 알 수 있지만 유전적으로 같은 집단인지는 알기 어렵다. 표지방류법은 직접적인 방법으로 계군의 회유 및 분포, 산란장의 위치를 파악할 수 있지만 수거가 어렵고 초기 단계에는 표식을 하기 어렵다. 수산생물의 계군 분석을 위한 유전학적 방법은 자원관리학적 연구에 관한 기본적 정보를 제공해 왔다. 계군 분석을 위한 유전학적 방법은 이에 사용하는 유전자 마커(marker)의 감도에 따라 결정되며, 유전자 마커의 다형성이 높은 것을 선택해야 한다. 계군 분석을 위한 유전자 마커로는 오랜 기간 동안 동위효소 다형이 사용되어졌으며, 최근에는 mitochondria, microsatellite와 같이 DNA 염기배열 중에서도 변이성이 높은 영역을 선택하여 마커로 이용한 연구가 증가되고 있다. 기존의 형태학적 방법, 표지방류법, 생태학적인 방법들은 살오징어의 생활사, 회유경로, 산란장의 변화 등을 밝혀내어 계군을 파악하는데 많은 기여를 하였지만 여전히 각 해역에 분포하는 살오징어의 계군을 파악하기에는 어려움이 있다. 최근에는 기존의 계군 분석이 지닌 장단점을 비교 분석하여 복합적인 방법의 계군 분석이 이루어지며, 이러한 정보들을 바탕으로 유전학적 방법을 보완한다면 살오징어 자원의 변동에 대한 관리 방안을 마련하는데 도움을 줄 것이다.

Brucella abortus 국내 분리주의 Heat Shock Protein 암호 groE 유전자의 염기서열 분석과 발현

김태용,김지영,장경수,김명철,박창식,한홍율,전무형 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

GroE that is a heat shock protein composed of GroEL and GroES is known as an immunodominant target of both the humoral and cellular immune responses in bovine brucellosis. This study was carried out to characterize groE gene encoding heat shock proteins of B. abortus isolated in Korea and to evaluate the immunogenicity of the GroE protein expressed in E. coli system. In PCR the specific signals with the size of 2,077 bp were detected in five strains isolated from the mammary lymphnodes of the dairy cattle that were serologically positive and the reference strains. In comparison of the sequences of nucleotides and amino acids among the strains, GroES showed 100% identity in both sequences. GroEL was evaluated 99.0∼99.9% in nucleotides and 98.0∼100% homology in amino acids. The groE gene including groES and groEL was inserted into pET29a vector and constructed pET29a-GroE recombinant plasmids. The inserted groE was confirmed by digestion with Ncol and EcoRl endonucleases and nucleotide sequencing. E. coli BL (DE3) was transformed with pET29a-GroE, named as E. coli BL (DE3)/pET29a-GroE. In SDS-PAGE, it was evident that the recombinant plasmid effectively expressed the polypeptides for GroES (10 kDa) and GroEL (60 kDa) in 0.5, and 2 hours after IPTG induction. The immuno-reactivity of the expressed proteins were proved in mouse inoculation and Western blot analysis.

제주시험림 한남 지역의 조류 군집 특성

박찬열 ( Chan Ryul Park ),김은미 ( Eun Mi Kim ),강창완 ( Chang Wan Kang ) 한국환경생태학회 2011 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.25 No.6

본 연구는 제주시험림 한남지역에서 2006년 11월부터 2007년 9월까지 매월 3일 연속으로 11개월 동안 선조사법에 의한 2개 지역과 정점조사법에 의한 5개 지역을 정하여 이동성, 둥지 길드, 출현비율의 군집 분석을 통하여 조류 군집의 특성을 살펴보았다. 총 58종의 조류를 확인하였으며, 조류를 이동성(migration habit)에 따라 나누면, 텃새 24종, 여름철새 8종, 겨울철새 10종, 나그네새 16종이었다. 대개 육지에서는 여름철새의 종 수가 높지만, 조사지역에서 나그네새 종수가 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 월별 출현종의 관찰비율을 군집 분석한 결과, 11월부터 2월의 모둠, 3월~7월의 모둠으로 나누어져 계절성을 보였으나, 월별 종 수 변화는 육지에서 나타나는 계절 변동이 없었다. 번식기와 비번식기에 종 구성은 변화하지만, 전체 종수는 계절 변동을 나타내지 않았다. 이는 나그네새 등 이동성 조류가 제주시 험림을 다수 방문하는 것을 나타낸다. 산림성 조류에게 둥지를 제공하는 딱따구리류는 본 조사지에서는 큰오색딱다구 리 1종으로 육지의 5종과 차이를 나타낸다. 둥지 길드는 덤불 및 지면에서 둥지를 튼 새는 9종, 숲지붕층 8종, 나무구멍 7종, 인가에서 번식하는 1종이 기록되었다. 조사지에서 큰오색딱다구리는 박새류, 흰눈썹황금새, 호반새의 둥지를 제공하는 핵심종(keystone species)으로서 이 종을 보호하기 위한 산림시업을 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of bird community, migration, nesting guild,ordination analysis of observed frequency of birds at Jeju Experimental Forests (JEFs) from November 2006 to September 2007 with surveys of two areas by line transect methods and point-count methods at five areas for three consecutive days in each month. Among observed 58 species could be classified into the 24 residents, 9 summer visitors, 9 winter visitors and 16 passage migrants according to migration habit. In species composition, passage migrants are dominant birds at study areas whereas summer and winter visitors are most dominant birds at mainland`s forests. We could divide two groups of bird community in the view of monthly species composition, one is November to February group, the other March to July group by ordination analysis. Number of species did not show seasonal fluctuation which is common pattern of bird community in mainland. This pattern reflects that species composition can change during breeding and non-breeding periods, but overall number of species did not change. This can be related with the high use of passage migrants at study area, also suggests that the JEFs can be highly utilized as stopover sites during migration. At mainland``s forests, we can observe about five species of woodpeckers, however we just observed the only one species of White-backed Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos leucotos) at study areas. In the view of nesting guild, breeding birds can be grouped into the 9 bush-& ground nesters, 8 canopy nesters, 7 hole nesters and one house nesters. Among hole nesters, we can observe only one species of primary cavity nesters White-backed woodpecker, and the five secondary cavity nesters, that is three species of tits, tricolor flycatchers (Ficedula zanthopygia) and ruddy kingfishers (Halcyon coromanda). Therefore, White-backed woodpeckers can be regarded as a keystone species and forest practice should consider the careful conservation of this species.

Add-on Effect and Safety of Pharmacopuncture Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Oh Yoona,Han Chang-Hyun,Kim Yeonhak,Kim Jihun,Yang Changsop,Choi Young Eun,Kang Byoung-Kab,Yang Gi Young,Lee Byung Ryul,Kim Eunseok 사단법인약침학회 2023 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.16 No.1

Background: Recently, Korean Medicine treatment with pharmacopuncture therapy (PPT) has been increasingly used in clinical practice to improve symptoms in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PPT in addition to conventional Korean Medicine treatment (CKMT) for the treatment of patients with LSS, compared with CKMT alone. Methods: This study is designed as a pragmatic, randomized, two-armed, parallel, stratified (by sex), controlled pilot trial. Forty patients diagnosed with LSS will be randomly allocated to the PPT + CKMT group or the CKMT group. Patients in the two groups will receive treatment two times weekly for 5 weeks. The primary outcome will be the mean change in the 100-mm visual analog scale score from the baseline to the end of treatment (week 5). The secondary outcomes will include the clinically important difference, Zurich Claudication Questionnaire score, self-reported walking capacity, Modified–Modified Schober test, EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire, and Patients’ Global Impression of Change. Adverse events will be assessed at each visit. Discussion: The results of this study will provide meaningful data to evaluate the add-on effect and safety of PPT in the medical care of patients with LSS.

A Study on an Independent Steering & Driving Control Algorithm for 6WS/6WD Vehicles

Joo-Young Choi,Dong-Hyung Kim,Chang-Jun Kim,Young-Ryul Kim,Sang-Ho Kim5,Chang-Soo Han 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Skid-steered vehicles are favored for military use in off-road operations because of their high maneuverability and mobility on extreme terrains and obstacles. There is a trend towards transforming steered tracked vehicles to skid-steered wheel vehicles for high speed at the expense of reduced mobility. Skid-steered vehicles turn by generating different longitudinal forces at the tires due to the application of different torques to the wheels on the opposite side of the vehicle. Conventional vehicles, however, cannot generate an opposite driving force at each side wheel. Using an independent steering and driving system, six-wheel vehicles can show better performance than conventional vehicles. Hybrid steering is a combination of skid steering in the load velocity and the steered wheel system at high speed. This steering enhances maneuverability under low speed and stability at high speed. This paper describes a 6WS/6WD vehicle for hybrid steering in three parts: the Vehicle Model, the Control Algorithm for Hybrid Steering, and a Simulation. First, the vehicle model is an application of the TruckSim software for 6WS and 6WD. Second, the hybrid steering control algorithm describes the optimum tire force distribution method for energy savings. The last is simulation and verification.

자간증과 성장지연에 이환된 태아에서 심박동의 불안정성과 자율신경계 조절에 대한 연구

이미라,강윤덕,염명걸,오재원,김창렬,김남수,박은영,김종화 한국소아심장연구회 2004 소아심장 Vol.8 No.1

멀티미디어 영상 교육에 따른학습자 개인 특성에 대한 실증 분석

김동현,정창렬 順天靑巖大學 1998 論文集-順天靑巖大學 Vol.22 No.2

Recently, a few of educational institution are frequently used Multimedia Video System for the purpose of remote education according to constituting information super highway. The Multimedia Video System related to information super highway is feasible for real-time interaction on remote learning between instructor and learners, and enhances learning effects. Any learning media of education may be expected little learning effects without considering the system satisfactions of learner and the relation of learning effects using this Multimedia Video System. This paper is, therefore, analyzed the effects on correction and relation between the system satisfaction of Multimedia Video System and learning effects. And it is proposed reconsiderable contents of education to instructors or educational policy makers in using Multimedia Video System of remote education.

소아 신경심장성 실신환자에서 비정상적 심박수 프랙탈 상관에 대한 연구

김경용,주은영,염명걸,오재원,김창렬,김남수,이철범,노정일 대한소아과학회 2002 小兒科 Vol.45 No.9

假想龜裂進展法을 利用한 數値的인 破壞力學 解析

金永鎭,表昌律 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.2

The objective of this paper is to develop a numerical technique for analyzing crack driving forces in multi-phase material. The analysis was based on finite element method coupled with a virtual crack extension technique which is known as the most efficient tool in computational fracture mechanics analysis. The modified J-integral method, proposed by Miyamoto and Kikuchi for the analysis of dualphase material, was adopted in the analysis to account for the discontinuity at the phase boundary. The J-integral calculation for multi-phase material was carried out by subtracting the J-values for contours surrounding each phase boundary from the J-values for overall contour. It was shown that the proposed numerical procedure, based on the modified J-integral coupled with a virtual crack extension technique, can be used as an effective numerical tool for determining crack driving forces in multi-phase material.

견운모의 표면개질에 따른 기초물성연구

김창욱,정인,윤성렬,한승희 광운대학교 신기술연구소 1997 신기술연구소논문집 Vol.26 No.-

견운모는 천연적으로 초미립의 판상형에 의한 윤활성이 뛰어난 광물 중 하나이지만, 광물 본질이 지니는 흡수력으로 인하여 정밀화학 공업분야에서 이용할 때 소수성이 떨어지므로 견운모 미립자의 표면개질이 불가피하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실리콘오일과 금속비누를 이용하여 견운모 미립자에 표면개질을 시행함으로써 기초 물성변화를 관찰하였다. 이러한 연구를 수행하기 위하여 평균 약10μm의 정제견운모 미립자에 세 가지 종류의 실리콘오일을 흡착시켜 표면처리한 후 실리콘오일에 흡착된 각 미립자 산물의 소수성 및 내유성 실험을 시행하였다. 또한 적외선 분광법을 이용한 기기를 사용하여 견운모 표면에 오일이 흡착되었는지 조사하였으며, 열감량분석기를 이용하여 실리콘 흡착량에 따른 감량변화를 조사하였다. 그리고 그 특성이 우수한 실리콘의 함량비를 기준으로 견운모미립자에 금속비누를 표면처리한 후 그 특성을 비교하였다. 견운모 미립자에 실리콘오일의 흡착 후 소수성 및 내유성이 가장 우수한 실리콘 오일과 견운모의 중량비는 KSDMPS 6wt%일 때였다. 적외선분광기기를 이용하여 견운모에 실리콘오일 흡착확인을 하여 본 결과 흡착이 되었음을 확인하였고, 실리콘오일 함량이 늘어감에 따라 그 피크가 커짐을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이 또한 열감량분석기로 확인하였으며, 실리콘오일의 함량에 따라 막 두께도 조정됨을 알 수 있었다. 소수성과 내유성이 가장 우수한 KSDMPS는 6wt%일 때 소수성은 70.50%였고 내유성은 43.75%였다. 그리고 금속비누로 표면개질하였을 때와 소수성을 비교하여보면 실리콘오일로 표면개질 하였을 때 소수성이 우수하였다. Sericite is known to be an excellent natural lubricant due to fine particle texture and tabular crystal structure. However, the surface must be specially treated because sericite also possesses the water absorbing property. In this study, we investigated effects of silicone oil and metal soap on Sericite’s fine particle texture and other properties. Surface treatment effects of three different kinds of silicon oil on purified sericite particle having the mean of l0μm were studied and the changes in water and oil repellence were investigated. Through IR spectrometer, silicon oil adsorption on sericite particle was investigated, and thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the reduced adsorption of silicon oil on sericite particle surface. By taking the best parameters of silicon oil amount into consideration, the study on surface treatment using metal soap was carried out. Finally, the surface treatment effects of metal soap and silicon oil were compared. The optimum water and oil repellence was when the sericite fine particle adsorbed with silicon oil at the ratio of KSDMPS 6wt%. It was found that the surface treatment by silicon oil was superior to the treatment by metal soap in water repellence.