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Investigation on the Selection of Capillary Tube for the Alternative Refrigerant R-407C
Kim, Chang-Nyeun,Park, Young-Moo The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2000 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.8 No.1
The capillary tube performance for R-407C is experimentally investigated. The experimental setup is a real vapor-compression refrigerating system. Mass flow rate is measured for various diameter and length while inlet pressure and degree of subcooling are changed. These data are compared with the results of a numerical model. The mass flow rate of the numerical model is about 14% less than the measured mass flow rate. It is found that mass flow rate and length for R-407C are less than those for R-22 under the same condition. Based on this experimental study and the numerical model, a set of design charts for capillary tube of R-407C is proposed.
Investigation on the Selection of Capillary Tube for the Alternative Refrigerant R-407C
Chang Nyeun Kim,Young Moo Park 대한설비공학회 2000 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.8 No.1
The capillary tube performance for R-407C is experimentally investigated. The experimental setup is a real vapor-compression refrigerating system. Mass flow rate is measured for various diameter and length while inlet pressure and degree of subcooling are changed. These data are compared with the results of a numerical model. The mass flow rate of the numerical model is about 14% less than the measured mass flow rate. It is found that mass flow rate and length for R-407C are less than those for R-22 under the same condition. Based on this experimental study and the numerical model, a set of design charts for capillary tube of R-407C is proposed.
An investigation on the in siㆍtu measurement of the oil - concentration
Chang-Nyeun Kim,Young-Moo Park 대한설비공학회 2001 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.9 No.1
In order to predict thermodynamic peformance of refrigeration system, it is required to know the oil concentration of the refrigerant/oil mixture. The current method is to extract the working mixture and then to measure the oil weight. In this study, oil concentration is measured in si.tu way without any extraction of the working fluid. Based on the measurement, a working equation is presented as follows.<br/> C=a+b×t+c×t²+(d+e×t+f×t²)×SG<br/> C is oil concentration, t is temperature(℃), SG is specific gravity of mixture and a~f is coefficients. The oil concentration ranges over 0~12 wt% and the temperature ranges over 20~50℃. The specific gravity and temperature are measured using the on-line densimeter and thermometer. This working equation enables to predict the oil concentration without any extraction of the mixture. This equation can be applied for R-12/Naphthenic oil and R-134a/POE oil liquid mixtures.
An investigation on the in si.tu measurement of the oil-concentration
Kim, Chang-Nyeun,Park, Young-Moo The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2001 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.9 No.1
In order to predict thermodynamic performance of refrigeration system, it is required to know the oil concentration of the refrigerant/oil mixture. The current method is to extract the working mixture and then to measure the oil weight. In this study, oil concentration is measured in si.tu way without any extraction of the working fluid. Based on the measurement, a working equation is presented as follows, C=a +b x t +c x $t^2$ +(d + e x t +f x $t^2$) x SG. C is oil concentration, t is temperature($^{\circ}C). SG Is specific gravity of mixture and a~f is coefficients The oil concentration ranges over 0~l2 wt% and the temperature ranges over 20~50$^{\circ}C. The specific gravity and temperature are measured using the on-line densimeter and thermometer. This working equation enables to predict the oil concentration without any extraction of the mixture. This equation can be applied for R-12/Naphthenic oil and R-134a/P0E oil liquid mixtures.
An investigation on the in si.tu measurement of the oil-concentration
Kim, Chang-Nyeun,Park, Young-Moo The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2000 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.8 No.2
In order to predict thermodynamic performance of refrigeration system, it is required to know the oil concentration of the refrigerant/oil mixture. The current method is to extract the working mixture and then to measure the oil weight. In this study, oil concentration is measured in si.tu way without any extraction of the working fluid. Based on the measurement, a working equation is presented as follows, C=a +b x t +c x $t^2$ +(d + e x t +f x $t^2$) x SG. C is oil concentration, t is temperature($^{\circ}C). SG Is specific gravity of mixture and a~f is coefficients The oil concentration ranges over 0~l2 wt% and the temperature ranges over 20~50$^{\circ}C. The specific gravity and temperature are measured using the on-line densimeter and thermometer. This working equation enables to predict the oil concentration without any extraction of the mixture. This equation can be applied for R-12/Naphthenic oil and R-134a/P0E oil liquid mixtures.
Investigation of Vapor - Liquid Equilibrium of HFC - 32 / 143a and HFC - 143a / 134a System
Chang Nyeun Kim,Young Moo Park 대한설비공학회 2000 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.8 No.2
Vapor-liquid equilibrium apparatus is designed and set up. The equilibrium data of two binary systems, HFC32/143a and HFC143a/134a, are measured. Fifteen equilibrium data for HFC32/143a and HFC143a/134a systems are measured over the temperature range 263.15~283.15K at 10K interval and the composition range 0.10~0.80, respectively.<br/> And vapor-liquid equilibrium data are calculated using equation of state and correlation of activity coefficient and compared with the present data. Equation of state is CSD and RKS equations and correlation of activity coefficient is Margules' and Van Ness and Abbott's correlations.<br/> Real behavior of HFC32/143a system has very large deviation from Raoult's rule which is ideal behavior. But real behavior of HFC143a/134a system is similar to ideal behavior.<br/> The calculated data from CSD equation are compared with the data in the open literatures and the calculated data from REFPROP. Compared with REFPROP, the relative deviations of bubble point pressure for HFC32/143a system are within -2.16~-0.84% for CSD equation and within -0.20~1.10% for RKS equation. And the relative deviations of bubble point pressure for HFC143a/134a system are within -0.45~0.12% and -0.20~2.8% for CSD and RKS equations, respectively.
김경현,박종민,문동언,김성년,민진혜,정창우 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.2
Fos Expression in the Brain of Neuropathic Pain Rats Jin Hye Min, M.D.^*, Chong Min par, M.D., Dong Eon Moon, M.D. Sung Nyeun KIm, M.D., Chang Woo Chung, M.D.^*, and Kyung Hyun Kim, M.D.^* Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul and ??Kwandong University, Gangneung, Korea background: There have been some investigations regarding expression of c-fos, as a marker of altered neuronal expression in the spinal cord of neuropathic rats. However, the expression of c-fos in the brain of a neuropathic pain model has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time course of c-fos expression in the brain of neuropathic pain rats. Methods: The experimental rats were divided into two group; neuropathic pain (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The left L_5-L_6 spinal nerves of the neuropathic pain group were ligated but those of the control group not ligated (sham operation). Two hours, 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day after the operation, we examined the expression of Fos in the cerebral cortex, the amygdala, the thalamus and the hypothalamus of the coronary sectioned brains of the rats. Results: C-fos expressions in the cerebral cortex and the amygdala of the neuropathic pain group were greater at 2 hours, the 3rd and the 7th day than the control group, but those of the thalamus and hypothalamus of the neuropathic pain group were greater on the 3rd and 7th day than the control group (P < 0.05). In the neuropathic pain group, c-fos expressions of four brain regions were greater on the 3rd and 7th day than those at 2 hours and day 1, but there was no difference between the 3rd and 7th day's (P < 0.05). Conclusions: There were sgnificant expressions of Fos protein in the brain of the neuropathic pain group at 2 hours, the 3rd day and 7th day of the operation, but the meaning of each expression was different. The expression of Fos at postoperative 2 hours resulted from acute pain but that at the 3rd and 7th day of the operation resulted from neuropathic pain. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 229~237)
( Yong Gil Kim ),( Jong Ryul Eun ),( Tae Nyeun Kim ),( Heon Ju Lee ),( Jae Woon Kim ),( Jay Chun Chang ),( Sung Su Yun ),( Joon Hyuk Choi ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2010 Gut and Liver Vol.4 No.2
Cures for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) are rare and difficult. We report a case of pathologically confirmed complete remission of HCC induced by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). A 45-year-old male patient had a massive HCC in the right lobe of the liver and tumor thrombus in the right and main portal veins. He achieved a partial response after two cycles of HAIC with 5-fluorouracil (750 mg/m2) and cisplatin (25 mg/m2). After the completion of six cycles he received a curative partial hepatectomy, and histopathology revealed complete necrosis without any viable tumor cell. He was in good health at a 4-month follow-up. These results suggest that this regimen is a promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of advanced HCC with PVTT. (Gut Liver 2010;4:266-269)
( Yoon Suk Lee ),( Chang Min Cho ),( Kwang Bum Cho ),( Jun Heo ),( Min Kyu Jung ),( Sung Bum Kim ),( Kook Hyun Kim ),( Tae Nyeun Kim ),( Dong Wook Lee ),( Jimin Han ),( Ho Gak Kim ),( Daejin Kim ),( H 대한소화기학회 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.3
Background/Aims: Recently, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) proposed criteria for “difficult biliary cannulation” during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of the ESGE criteria from the perspective of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Methods: An ERCP database was prospectively maintained between November 2014 and December 2015 across six teaching hospitals in South Korea. The ESGE criteria (biliary cannulation time, the number of cannulation attempts, and inadvertent pancreatic duct [PD] manipulation) were recorded in this database as well as other technical factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for PEP. Then, the PEP prediction model was investigated using decision tree analysis. Results: We analyzed 1,067 consecutive patients with naïve papilla. The overall rate of PEP was 6.6%. Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.860; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.124 to 3.078), a selective biliary cannulation duration >5 minutes (OR, 3.282; 95% CI, 1.641 to 6.566), and inadvertent PD manipulation (OR, 2.614; 95% CI, 1.480 to 4.617) were significant factors affecting PEP. Decision tree analysis revealed that biliary cannulation time (χ<sup>2</sup>=49.857, p< 0.001) and inadvertent PD manipulation (χ<sup>2</sup>=8.556, p=0.010) were decisive factors. PEP occurred in 3.9%, 11.8%, and 16.2% of patients with biliary cannulation duration lasting 3 to 5 minutes, >5 minutes, and >5 minutes with inadvertent PD manipulation, respectively. Conclusions: Biliary cannulation time and inadvertent PD manipulation could be relevant indicators of PEP, and 5 minutes might be used as a cutoff value for the implementation of the rescue cannulation technique. (Gut Liver 2021;15:459-465)