Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

자바리, Epinephelus bruneus의 난 발생과 부화에 미치는 수온의 영향

양문호,최영웅,정민민,구학동,오봉세,문태석,이창훈,김경민,한석중,Yang, Moon-Ho,Choi, Young-Ung,Jung, Min-Min,Ku, Hag-Dong,Oh, Bong-Sae,Moon, Tae-Seok,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Kim, Kyong-Min,Han, Seock-Jung 한국발생생물학회 2007 발생과 생식 Vol.11 No.2

This study examined temperature effect in egg development and hatching of longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus. Fertilized embryos was not growth after morula stage at $15^{\circ}C$, at 18, 21, 24 and $27^{\circ}C$, the required time from fertilized embryos to hatching were 70 h. 30 min., 44 h. 10 min., 29 h. 10 min. and 24 h. 30 min., respectively. The hatching rates at $24^{\circ}C$ were higher than the other conditions and the hatching was not occurred at $15^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that the water temperature range of egg development and hatching was $18{\sim}27^{\circ}C$. 이 연구는 실내 사육수조에서 자연산란 후 수정된 난을 대상으로 수온에 따른 난 발생속도와 부화율을 조사하였다. 부화에 이르기까지 각 수온조건에서 소요된 시간은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 상실기 이후 발생이 진행되지 않았고, 18, 21, 24, $27^{\circ}C$에서 각각 70시간 30분, 44시간 10분, 29시간 10분 그리고 24시간 30분이 소요되었다. 부화율은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 0%였고, 18, 21, 24 그리고 $27^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $8.3{\pm}1.2%$, $18.0{\pm}6.2%$, $24.0{\pm}4.0%$ 그리고 $17.0{\pm}7.2%$로 뚜렷한 차이 없이 $24^{\circ}C$에서 다소 높았고 21와 $27^{\circ}C$에서 비슷한 경향이었으며 $18^{\circ}C$에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과에서 자바리의 난발생 수온범위는 $18{\sim}27^{\circ}C$로 제안된다.

강원도지역에서 발생한 발진열과 쯔쯔가무시병

민창홍,장우현,강재승,조수익,최문기,조민기,윤창순,김윤원 대한감염학회 1988 감염 Vol.20 No.2

In Korea, there has been an increasing concern on rickettsiosis as one of most prevailing acute febrile illness, since murine typhus and scrub typhus had not been reported for 2 decades until 1986 and thereafter a few studies were reported on these diseases. A microimmunofluorescence test was used to study antibodies to R. typhi and R. tsutsugamushi in urban and rural inhabitants students, and patiants suspected of leptospirosis or rickettsiosis from 1986 to 1987 in Kangwon-do Korea. 43% of inhabitatnts and 17% of students reacted to R. typhi. Only one inhabitant among inhabitants and students reacted to R. tsutsugamushi. Among 169 patients, 43(25%) reacted to R. typhi, 38(22%) to R. tsutsugamushi and 25(15%) to Leptospira interrogans. Sexual rate(male; female) in murine typhus was 1.7:1, that in scrub typhus was 1:2.2 and that in leptospirosis was 1.5;1. The age ditribution of patients with murine typhus was generally even over 20 years old. But 71% of patients with scrub typhus were over 40 years old. Scrub typhus was most prevailing in female over 40 years old. Murine typhus was relatively more prevailing in Choonchun city than rural area as compared with scrub typhus and leptospirosis. Most of scrub typhus occurred in rural area. Most of each disease occurred between September and November (murine typhus; 93%, scrub typhus; 95%, leptospirosis; 84%) with a peak in October. Scrub typhus considerably occurred not only October(58%) but also November(28%). All patients with scrub typhus were immediately diagnosed by antibody when they visited hospital. 53% of patients with murine typhus were diagnosed when they visited hospital within 7 days after onset of illness, and others were done by second sera obtained 8 days after. The patients in whom IgM was seronegative but antibodies of other class were seropsitive by 20 days after onset of illness, were 14% in murine typhus and 26% in scrub typhus. At least those patients were considered to be infected second. Murine typhus and scrub typhus were suggested to be endemic diseases in Kangwon-do as antibodies of inhabitants and characteristics of patients' sera were considered. By serologic finding of patients with scrub typhus in Kangwon-do, Gilliam was 59'% of etiologic strain of scrub typhus, Karp was 41q% and Kato was none. Most scrub typhus occurred in person to be related to agriculture, but murine typhus was not related to job and occurred more in small city than rural area. Rash was scarcely detected in murine typhus and scrub typhus, and eschar was in 50% of scrub typhus only. Serum transaminase elevated in many patients with scrub typhus and murine typhus. Leukocytosis and abnormal finding in chest X-ray were showed in some patients with scrub typhus but were scarcely in murine typhus.

Differential Effects of Pioglitazone in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Low- and High-Fat Diet-Fed Gerbils.

Moon, Seung Myung,Choi, Goang-Min,Yoo, Dae Young,Jung, Hyo Young,Yim, Hee Sun,Kim, Dae Won,Hwang, In Koo,Cho, Byung Moon,Chang, In Bok,Cho, Sung-Min,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2015 Neurochem Res Vol.40 No.5

<P>In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone (PGZ) in the hippocampal CA1 region of low- or high-fat diet (LFD or HFD) fed gerbils after transient forebrain ischemia. After 8 weeks of LFD or HFD feeding, PGZ (30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to the gerbils, following which ischemia was induced by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries for 5 min. Administration of PGZ significantly reduced the ischemia-induced hyperactivity 1 day after ischemia/reperfusion in both LFD- and HFD-fed gerbils. At 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion, the neurons were significantly reduced and microglial activation was observed in the hippocampal CA1 region in LFD- and HFD-fed gerbils. The microglial activation was more prominent in the HFD-fed gerbils compared to the LFD-fed gerbils. Administration of PGZ ameliorated ischemia-induced neuronal death and microglial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion in the LFD-fed gerbils, but not in the HFD-gerbils. At 6 h after ischemia/reperfusion, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were significantly increased in the hippocampal homogenates of LFD-fed group compared to control group, and HFD feeding further increased TNF-α and IL-1β levels. PGZ treatment significantly ameliorated the increase of TNF-α and IL-1β levels in LFD-fed gerbils, not in the HFD-fed gerbils. At 12 h after ischemia/reperfusion, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hippocampal homogenates were significantly increased in the LFD-fed group compared to the control group, and HFD feeding significantly showed relatively reduction in SOD activity and increase in MDA level. PGZ administration significantly reduced the increase in MDA levels 12 h after ischemia/reperfusion in the LFD-fed gerbils, but not in the HFD-fed gerbils. These results suggest that PGZ ameliorates the neuronal damage induced by ischemia by maintaining the TNF-α, IL-1β, SOD and MDA levels in LFD-fed gerbils. In addition, HFD feeding affects the modulation of these parameters in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia.</P>

Graves 병 환자에서 항갑상선제 투여에 의한 TSH 수용체 항체의 변동에 관한 연구 : 치료 용량 및 기간에 따른 차이 및 임상상과의 관계 its relation to dose and duration of treatment~and clinical features

이문호,조보연,문대혁,고창순,민헌기,서교일 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

We undertook a prospective study of 59 patients with Graves' disease in order to clarify the influence of antithyroid drug on the immunological indices and to determine the association of the changes of TSH receptor antibodies activities with drug dosage, duration of treatment and clinical features according to mode of antitbyroid drugs treatment. Patients were divided into two groups. High dose group included 28 patients and conventional dose group 31 patients. We measured TBII activities, antimicrosomal antibodies, and the size of goiter every 3 months, comparing them with clinical features and laboratory findings. TBII activities declined from R months until 9 months following drug treatment. Therafter no significant change of TBII activities were observed. Antimicrosomal antibodies showed the same pattern of change. There was no statistically significant difference of declining rate of TBII activities, antimicrosomal antibodies, and reduction of size of thyroid between two treatment groups. TBII activities fell into normal range in 15 patients among those 44 patients who had been followed for more than 9 months (8 high dose group, 7 conventional dose group). In those 15 patients, TBII activities and frequency of exophthalmos were less than those whose TBII activity did not normalized. We conclude that TSH receptor antibodies activities and antithyroid autoantibodies are diminished by antithyroid drug treatment in patients with Graves disease and there is no relationship between dose of drug and declining of TBII activities. We suggest that changing levels of TBII activities might be secondary phenomenon which can be achieved by control of thyroid function by antithyroid drug rather than direct immunosuppressive effect of antithyroid drug per se.

소아 IgA 신병증의 장기 추적(평균 10.8년)에 따른 임상 경과 및 병리학적 변화

문창민,김병길,임범진,송지선,정현주,Moon, Chang-Min,Kim, Pyung-Kil,Lim, Beom-Jin,Song, Ji-Sun,Jeong, Hyeon-Joo 대한소아신장학회 2010 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.14 No.2

목 적 : 소아 IgA 신병증의 임상 양상 및 병리학적 분류(Haas 분류)와 임상 경과와의 상관 관계를 조사하여 이들이 예후를 반영할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 병리학적으로 IgA 신병증으로 진단받고 추적 중이던 환자들 중 추적 신생검을 시행한 20명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 자료를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 최초 신생검시 평균 9.5세였고 남자 16명, 여자 4명이었으며, 최종 조직 검사까지 평균 10.8년이 경과하였다. 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제 등으로 치료를 지속한 후 정상뇨 소견, 정상 혈압, 정상 크레아티닌 청소율(CCr)을 보이는 임상적 관해 상태의 환자는 10명(50%)이었으며, 비관해 상태의 환자 10명(50%)도 초기와 비교하여 호전된 경과를 보였고, CCr이 중등도 이상 저하되거나 말기 신질환 양상을 보이는 환자는 없었다. 최초 Haas 분류는 임상경과와 상관 관계가 없었다. 초기 고혈압은 5명(25%)에서 보였고 이는 임상 경과(P =0.010) 및 최종 Haas 분류(P =0.007)와 유의성이 있었다. 초기 CCr의 중등도 저하는 Haas 분류와 유의성이 있었으나(P =0.048), 임상 경과와는 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 소아 IgA 신병증의 추적 기간 중 임상 경과는 양호하나 최초 Haas 분류로 임상 경과를 예측할 수는 없었으나 적극적인 조기 진단 및 치료로 말기 신질환으로의 진행을 지연시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 초기 고혈압은 임상 경과 및 최종 Haas 분류와 유의한 상관관계를 보여 적합한 예후인자로 보인다. 최초 병리학적 소견은 임상 경과를 반영하지 못하나, 추적 Haas 분류가 예후를 반영할 수 있을지에 대해서는 보다 많은 추적 관찰 및 추적 신생검을 통한 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 보인다. Purpose : We know little about the natural course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in association with histologic changes especially in children. We investigated clinicopathologic features with long-term follow-up biopsy to clarify the outcomes and prognostic indicators for childhood IgAN. Methods : From our patients' medical records, we retrieved 20 patients with IgAN, to whom renal biopsies had been performed for the initial diagnosis and follow-up to find out any histologic changes. Initial and follow-up biopsies were classified by Haas classification. The changes of these parameters were compared with the evolution of clinical features. Results : Patients were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in combination with angiotensin receptor blockers (in subclass II or above) and short-term cyclosporine A(in patients showing nephrotic syndrome). Histologic improvement in 7 cases and deterioration in 3 cases were observed. At the time of last biopsy, 10 cases (50%) showed clinical remission and the others showed improved clinical features. These clinical outcomes did not correlate with initial Haas classifications. Hypertension at onset observed in 5 cases (25%) revealed significant correlation with clinical outcome (P =0.01) and last Haas classification (P =0.007). None of the cases showed progression to CRF or ESRD. Conclusion : During a mean follow-up of $10.8{\pm}3.4$ years, childhood IgAN showed good clinicopathologic outcome. Hypertension at onset was only a strong predictor of clinicopathologic outcomes, but initial Haas classification cannot predict outcomes in children. Histologic change of IgAN in long term follow-up period cannot be completely predicted by clinical data and vice versa. Therefore, a renal biopsy should be considered as a part of follow-up plan.

근적외선 유도 약물방출을 위한 키토산 미세입자의 제조와 평가

김민아 ( Min Ah Kim ),김미리 ( Miri Kim ),이창문 ( Chang-moon Lee ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2016 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구에서는 근적외선 레이저의 감응성 물질인 멜라닌과 5-FU를 함유한 키토산 미세입자를 제조하고 광열효과와 약물방출실험을 진행하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 멜라닌과 5-FU를 함유한 키토산 미세입자는 W/O/W 방법을 통해 성공적으로 제조할 수 있었고, 미세입자는 구형이었으며 비교적 균일하였다. 키토산 미세입자를 농도별로(0.55~2.75 mg/mL) 증류수에 분산시켜 레이저(808 nm, 1.5 W/cm², 5 min)를 조사한 결과, 샘플의 농도와 조사시간이 증가할수록 온도의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 키토산 미세입자로부터 5-FU의 방출실험을 진행한 결과, 레이저를 조사하지 않은 그룹에 비해 레이저를 조사한 그룹에서 약물방출 속도가 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었고, pH 5.0에서 보다 큰 차이를 보였다. 위의 결과를 통해 근적외선을 이용하여 멜라닌을 함유한 키토산 미세입자로부터 약물 방출 속도를 조절할 수 있고 더 나아가 in vivo에서의 국소적 약물 전달 및 효과적인 치료방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다. In this study, melanin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded chitosan microparticles were prepared and the drug release profiles from the microparticles were investigated under near infrared (NIR) 808 nm laser irradiation at 1.5 W/cm ² for 5 min. The chitosan microparticles were uniform and spherical in shape. After irradiation of NIR 808 nm laser at 1.5 W/cm² for 5 min, the temperature of the chitosan microparticle solution increased. As the concentration of the chitosan microparticles increases from 0.55 mg/mL to 2.75 mg/mL, the temperature of the microparticle solution increased with irradiation time. Under NIR 808 nm laser irradiation, 32.1±2.3% and 53.7±1.1% of 5-FU from the chitosan microparticles were released at pH 7.4 and 5.0, respectively. In other hand, without laser irradiation 23.9±1.6% and 26.9±2.0% of 5-FU were released from the chitosan microparticles at pH 7.4 and 5.0, respectively. All these results indicate that chitosan microparticles containing melanin could be used as a photo-induced drug release system.

Low-level Green and Red Laser Treatment of Shaochong (HT9)·Dadun (LR1) and Shaohai (HT3)·Yingu (KI10) Acupoints in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Na, Chang-Su,Kim, Wang-In,Jang, Ho-Sun,Youn, Dae-Hwan,Moon, Young-Min,Jeong, Sung-Ho,Cheon, Min-Woo The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2015 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.16 No.2

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has facilitated an improvement in acupuncture treatment. In this study, we stimulated Shaochong (HT9), Dadun (LR1), Shaohai (HT3), and Yingu (KI10) acupoints with pulsed laser diodes 532 nm [green laser] and 658 nm [red laser] in rats with induced middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). The animals were divided into 6 groups: intact control; MCAO control without LLLT; LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (RR); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (GG); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and red laser at HT3·KI10 (GR); and LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and green laser at HT3·KI10 (RG). We evaluated the immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampal CA1 region, and complete blood count changes. Compared to the MCAO control group, the RG group showed a significant decrease in Bax and cytochrome c levels in the hippocampus, and a significant increase in hemoglobin level, hematocrit, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts.

천연 갈변 억제제 개발을 위한 양파,사과 및 감귤 과피 추출물의 항산화 및 갈변 저해 효과

장민선 ( Min Sun Chang ),안세진 ( Se Jin An ),정문철 ( Moon Cheol Jeong ),김동만 ( Dong Man Kim ),김건희 ( Gun Hee Kim ) 한국식품영양학회 2011 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate antioxidative properties of various extracts and antibrowning effects of extracts in apple slices were investigated by ΔE value and PPO relative activity. Apples were cut into 1.5 ㎝ thickness and they were dipped in 1% extract solutions(OW: water extracts of onion, OE: 80% EtOH extracts of onion, AW: water extracts of apple, AE: 80% EtOH extracts of apple, MW: water extracts of mandarin orange peel, ME: 80% EtOH extracts of mandarin orange peel) for 1 min. OW showed higher than the other treatments for total phenolic contents(94.35 ㎎/g), PPO inhibition(74.00%). And the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity(40.27%) measured in ME. ΔE value of apple slices dipped in MW was 2.37 whereas ΔE value of apple slices dipped in AW was 12.12. These results suggest that onion and mandarin orange peel extracts should be a potential source for controlling browning during storage of apple slices.

소아에서 발생한 요추 추간판 탈출증

정창훈(Chang Hoon Jeong),이기행(Kee Haeng Lee),김윤수(Youn Soo Kim),문찬웅(Chan Woong Moon),박일중(Il Jung Park),정상룡(Sang Lyong Jung),김형민(Hyoung Min Kim) 대한정형외과학회 2005 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.40 No.2

요추 추간판 탈출증은 추간판의 퇴행성 변화가 있는 30-40대에 흔하게 발생한다. 그러나, 추간판의 퇴행성 변화가 없는 소아(12세 이하)에서는 매우 드물며 그 임상증상 및 치료 방법 역시 성인과 차이가 있다. 저자들은 소아에서 발생한 요추 추간판 탈출증 5예를 경험하였기에 이에 대해 분석, 보고하는 바이다. Lumbar intervertebal disc herniation is common in the fourth to fifth decades because the intervertebral disc undergoes degenerative change. However juvenile lumbar intervertebal disc herniation (under 12 years old) is rare because there is no degenerative change, and the clinical symptoms and treatments are different from those of adults. Herein, our experience of five juvenile lumbar intervertebal disc herniation cases are analyzed and reported.