Characteristics Analysis and Optimization of Secondary Permanent Magnet Flux-Switching Linear Machines

Haichao Feng,Yaohua Guo,Xiaozhuo Xu,Caixia Gao,Liwang Ai 한국자기학회 2023 Journal of Magnetics Vol.28 No.4

In order to meet the demand of high-power density, high-precision positioning and low cost direct drive system in ropeless lifting, precision machining and other fields, the modular secondary structure with permanent magnet synchronous magnetization is adopted in this paper, and the secondary permanent magnet flux-switching linear machine (SPMFSLM) is proposed. Compared with the traditional primary permanent magnet fluxswitching linear machine (PPMFSLM), it reduces the thrust ripple and strengthens the primary structure. According to the topology and operation principle of the machine, starting from the air-gap magnetic field modulation principle and the convex tooth effect, the contribution of the air-gap flux density harmonics of the permanent magnet magnetic field and the armature magnetic field for the two machines to the average thrust is compared and analyzed, reflecting the similarities and differences between the two FSLMs in the thrust generation mechanism. In addition, the no-load characteristics for back-EMF and the thrust characteristics for two machines under equal load are calculated and compared. Finally, the multi-objective optimization of the key structural parameters of the machine is carried out by combining the response surface method (RSM) with the NSGAII algorithm. Then, the 3D simulation of the machine was carried out and cross-validated with the 2D results. Finally, a double-sided SPMFSLM (DS-SPMFSLM) is proposed from the practical point of view. The performance of DS-SPMFSLM is significantly superior to that of single-sided SPMFSLM, which verifies the advantages of the secondary permanent magnet structure scheme.

The NAC transcription factor OsSWN1 regulates secondary cell wall development in Oryza sativa

Maofeng Chai,Maria Bellizzi,Caixia Wan,Zhifang Cui,Yebo Li,Guo-Liang Wang 한국식물학회 2015 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.58 No.1

Rice, as a major crop in the world, produces huge agronomic biomass residues besides food, which consist of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Many master regulators of secondary wall synthesis were identified in the model plant Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the function of a NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC2) transcription factor related to secondary cell wall biosynthesis, which is highly expressed in rice sclerenchyma tissue and is named OsSWN1. Our results showed that engineering of OsSWN1 could exhibit multiple features regulated to agronomic traits and bioenergy research. Over-expression of OsSWN1 caused an erect-leaf and enclosed-flower phenotype. Secondary cell wall-related genes were actively expressed in transgenic plants with obvious ectopic lignin deposition in the leaf collar, while increased lignin content and decreased the sugar yield correspondingly. In addition, down-regulation of OsSWN1 expression levels decreased lignin content and increased the sugar yield in transgenic plants. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that OsSWN1-like genes are highly conserved in switchgrass and sorghum, suggesting a possibility of manipulating the expression level of the OsSWN1 orthologs in the bioenergy crops for biofuel production.

Evaluating genetic diversity and identifying priority conservation for seven Tibetan pig populations in China based on the mtDNA D-loop

Ge Qianyun,Gao Caixia,Cai Yuan,Jiao Ting,Quan Jinqiang,Guo Yongbo,Zheng Wangshan,Zhao Shengguo 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.12

Objective: Tibetan pigs, an excellent species unique to China, face serious threats, which in turn affects the development and utilization of the outstanding advantages of plateau hypoxia adaptability and reduces their genetic diversity. Therefore, a discussion of measures to conserve this genetic resource is necessary. The method, based on genetic diversity, genetic divergence and total genetic contribution rate of population, reflects the priority conservation order and varies depending on the three different purposes of conservation. Methods: We analyzed mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) variation in 1,201 individuals from nine Tibetan pig populations across five provinces and downloaded 564 mtDNA D-loop sequences from three indigenous pig breeds in Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan Provinces distributed near the Tibetan pigs. Results: We analyzed three different aspects: Changdu Tibetan pigs have the highest genetic diversity, and from the perspective of genetic diversity, the priority conservation is Changdu Tibetan pigs. Hezuo Tibetan pigs have the highest genetic contribution, so the priority conservation is Hezuo Tibetan pigs in the genetic contribution aspect. Rkaze Tibetan pigs were severely affected by indigenous pig breeds, so if considering from the perspective of introgression, the priority conservation is Rkaze Tibetan pigs. Conclusion: This study evaluated genetic diversity and comprehensively assessed conservation priority from three different aspects in nine Tibetan pig populations.

The domestication event of the Tibetan pig revealed to be in the upstream region of the Yellow River based on the mtDNA D-loop

Ge, Qianyun,Gao, Caixia,Cai, Yuan,Jiao, Ting,Quan, Jinqiang,Guo, Yongbo,Zheng, Wangshan,Zhao, Shengguo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.4

Objective: Evidence from previous reports indicates that pig domestication in East Asia mainly occurred in the Mekong region and the middle and downstream regions of the Yangtze River. Further research identified two new origin centers for domestic pigs in the Tibetan Plateau and the islands of Southeast Asia. However, due to the small sample size of Tibetan pigs, details of the origin and spread of Tibetan pigs has not yet been established. Methods: We analyzed mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) variation in 1,201 individuals from nine Tibetan pig populations across five provinces. Comprehensive Tibetan pig samples were taken to perform the most detailed analysis of Tibetan pigs to date. Results: The result indicate that Rkaze pigs had the lowest level of diversity, while Changdu pigs had the highest diversity. Interestingly, these two populations were both in the Tibetan Plateau area. If we calculate diversity in terms of each province, the Tibetan Plateau area had the lowest diversity, while the Chinese province of Gansu had the highest diversity. Diversity gradient analysis of major haplotypes suggested three domestication centers of Tibetan pigs in the Tibetan Plateau and the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Yunnan. Conclusion: We found two new domestication centers for Tibetan pigs. One is in the Chinese province of Gansu, which lies in the upstream region of the Yellow River, and the other is in the Chinese province of Yunnan.

Effects of alfalfa flavonoids extract on the microbial flora of dairy cow rumen

Zhan, Jinshun,Liu, Mingmei,Wu, Caixia,Su, Xiaoshuang,Zhan, Kang,Zhao, Guo qi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.9

Objective: The effect of flavonoids from alfalfa on the microbial flora was determined using molecular techniques of 16S ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) analysis. Methods: Four primiparous Holstein heifers fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design and fed a total mixed ration to which alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) was added at the rates of 0 (A, control), 20 (B), 60 (C), or 100 (D) mg per kg of heifer BW. Results: The number of operational taxonomic units in heifers given higher levels of flavonoid extract (C and D) was higher than for the two other treatments. The Shannon, Ace, and Chao indices for treatment C were significantly higher than for the other treatments (p<0.05). The number of phyla and genera increased linearly with increasing dietary supplementation of AFE (p<0.05). The principal co-ordinates analysis plot showed substantial differences in the microbial flora for the four treatments. The microbial flora in treatment A was similar to that in B, C, and D were similar by the weighted analysis. The richness of Tenericutes at the phylum level tended to increase with increasing AFE (p = 0.10). The proportion of Euryarchaeota at the phylum level increased linearly, whereas the proportion of Fusobacteria decreased linearly with increasing AFE supplementation (p = 0.04). The percentage of Mogibacterium, Pyramidobacter, and Asteroleplasma at the genus level decreased linearly with increasing AFE (p<0.05). The abundance of Spirochaeta, Succinivibrio, and Suttonella at the genus level tended to decrease linearly with increasing AFE (0.05<p<0.10). Conclusion: Including AFE in the diet of dairy cows may alter the microbial composition of the rumen; however its effect on nutrient digestibility remains to be determined.

Evaluation of Tunnel Face Stability Subjected to Seismic Load Based on the Non-associated Flow Rule

Qiguang Di,Pengfei Li,Mingju Zhang,Caixia Guo,Fan Wang,Yingjie Wei 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.5

Reasonable determination of the stability of the tunnel face under complex conditions is necessary for safe construction. This paper focuses on the seismic stability of the tunnel face in cohesion-frictional soils based on the non-associated flow rule. The pseudo-static approach is adopted to reflect the seismic effect. An analytical model is proposed based on the limit analysis method. A series of numerical simulations are performed to verify the rationality of the theoretical model. Then, parametric analyses are carried out. Results show that the proposed model is reasonable to investigate the tunnel face stability under the seismic load. The study indicates that it is essential to consider not only the seismic load but also the non-associated flow rule when determining the limit support pressure of tunnel face, especially in the soils with high friction angle or unit weight.

Cantharidin Overcomes Imatinib Resistance by Depleting BCR-ABL in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Sun, Xiaoyan,Cai, Xueting,Yang, Jie,Chen, Jiao,Guo, Caixia,Cao, Peng Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.12

Cantharidin (CTD) is an active compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine blister beetle and displayed anticancer properties against various types of cancer cells. However, little is known about its effect on human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, including imatinib-resistant CML cells. The objective of this study was to investigate whether CTD could overcome imatinib resistance in imatinib-resistant CML cells and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms associated with the effect. Our results showed that CTD strongly inhibited the growth of both imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML cells. CTD induced cell cycle arrest at mitotic phase and triggered DNA damage in CML cells. The ATM/ATR inhibitor CGK733 abrogated CTD-induced mitotic arrest but promoted the cytotoxic effects of CTD. In addition, we demonstrated that CTD downregulated the expression of the BCR-ABL protein and suppressed its downstream signal transduction. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that CTD inhibited BCR-ABL at transcriptional level. Knockdown of BCR-ABL increased the cell-killing effects of CTD in K562 cells. These findings indicated that CTD overcomes imatinib resistance through depletion of BCR-ABL. Taken together, CTD is an important new candidate agent for CML therapy.

Methylation of CpG sites in C1QTNF1 (C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 1) differs by gender in acute coronary syndrome in Han population: a case–control study

Xizhe Zhao,Yi Li,Yan Yan,Xuelian Ma,Caixia Guo 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.6

Background ACS (acute coronary syndrome), a subgroup of coronary artery disease (CHD), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Reports shown the association between methylation and CHD, while the abnormal expression of C1QTNF1 (C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 1) in CHD patients, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Objective To analyze the methylation of CpG sites of C1QTNF1 in ACS patients. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy controls and ACS patients. The methylation of total C1QTNF1, promoter sequence and CpG sites of C1QTNF1 were measured using methylation detection kits. The outcomes were compared between patients and controls based on gender, clinical classification and clinical stages. Results The promoter sequences from 37 ACS patients and 20 controls indicate that the methylation rate of C1QTNF1 was significantly lower in male patients compared to healthy controls at + 63 CpG sites (p = 0.03). Whereas, the methylation rate of C1QTNF1 in female patients was significantly lower than female health controls at − 89, + 39 and + 167 CpG sites (p = 0.021, 0.042, 0.021). In addition, the methylation rate of C1QTNF1 was significantly higher in male patients than female patients at − 89, − 41 and + 39 CpG sites (p = 0.011, 0.043, 0.006). Moreover, the methylation rate significantly decreased at − 24 sites (p = 0.021), but it significantly increased at − 14 site (p = 0.048) in patients with UA, compared to patients with STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction). Conclusions There were significant differences in the methylation rate + 63 CpG sites between controls and male ACS patients. The − 14 site methylation increased in patients with UA, compared to patients with STEMI.