Staged development of long-lived T-cell receptor αβ T_H17 resident memory T-cell population to <i>Candida albicans</i> after skin infection

Park, Chang Ook,Fu, Xiujun,Jiang, Xiaodong,Pan, Youdong,Teague, Jessica E.,Collins, Nicholas,Tian, Tian,O'Malley, John T.,Emerson, Ryan O.,Kim, Ji Hye,Jung, Yookyung,Watanabe, Rei,Fuhlbrigge, Robert C Elsevier 2018 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.142 No.2

<P><B>Background</B></P> <P> <I>Candida albicans</I> is a dimorphic fungus to which human subjects are exposed early in life, and by adulthood, it is part of the mycobiome of skin and other tissues. Neonatal skin lacks resident memory T (T<SUB>RM</SUB>) cells, but in adults the <I>C albicans</I> skin test is a surrogate for immunocompetence. Young adult mice raised under specific pathogen-free conditions are naive to <I>C albicans</I> and have been shown recently to have an immune system resembling that of neonatal human subjects.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>We studied the evolution of the adaptive cutaneous immune response to <I>Candida</I> species.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We examined both human skin T cells and the <I>de novo</I> and memory immune responses in a mouse model of <I>C albicans</I> skin infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In mice the initial IL-17–producing cells after <I>C albicans</I> infection were dermal γδ T cells, but by day 7, αβ T<SUB>H</SUB>17 effector T cells were predominant. By day 30, the majority of <I>C albicans</I>–reactive IL-17–producing T cells were CD4 T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells. Intravital microscopy showed that CD4 effector T cells were recruited to the site of primary infection and were highly motile 10 days after infection. Between 30 and 90 days after infection, these CD4 T cells became increasingly sessile, acquired expression of CD69 and CD103, and localized to the papillary dermis. These established T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells produced IL-17 on challenge, whereas motile migratory memory T cells did not. T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells rapidly clear an infectious challenge with <I>C albicans</I> more effectively than recirculating T cells, although both populations participate. We found that in normal human skin IL-17–producing CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells that responded to <I>C albicans</I> in an MHC class II–restricted fashion could be identified readily.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These studies demonstrate that <I>C albicans</I> infection of skin preferentially generates CD4<SUP>+</SUP> IL-17–producing T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells, which mediate durable protective immunity.</P>

Study of broad bandwidth vibrational energy harvesting system with optimum thickness of PET substrate

C.T. Pan,Z.H. Liu,Y.C. Chen 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.3

In this paper, we present the development of a flexible PET-based (polyethylene terephthalate; PET)vibrational energy harvesting system with broad bandwidth. This broad bandwidth harvesting system comprises of four units of individual ZnO (zinc oxide) piezoelectric harvester in the form of a cantilever structure connected in parallel, and rectifying circuit with storage module. This system has ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy from the varying ambient vibration. The design and simulation of a piezoelectric cantilever plate was described by using commercial software ANSYS FEA (Finite Element Analysis) to determine the optimum thickness of PET substrate, internal stress distribution,operation frequency and electric potential. With the optimum thickness predicted by developed accurate analytical formula analysis, the one-way mechanical strain that is efficient to enhance the induced electric potential can be controlled within the piezoelectric ZnO layer. In addition, the relationship among the model solution of piezoelectric cantilever plate equation, vibration-induced electric potential and electric power was realized. An individual piezoelectric harvester consists of flexible PET substrate, piezoelectric ZnO thin film with (002) c-axis preferred orientation, and selectively deposited UV-curable resin lump structure which is used to change the resonant frequency of the harvester. In combination with multi-harvesters and rectifying with storage module together, an energy harvesting system with broad bandwidth can be fabricated. One individual harvester achieves a maximum OCV (open-circuit voltage) up to 4 V with power density of 1.247 mW/cm3. So far, we succeeded in accomplishing a broad bandwidth system with operating frequency range within 100 Hze450 Hz to enhance powering efficiency. When the DC voltage (direct current voltage) across a storage module is charged up to 1.55 V after rectification, a flash LED (light emitting diode) is driven.

Assessment of Efficacy and Safe of Haloxazolam in Psychiatric Patients with Insomnia

Kim, J. H 大韓臨床藥理學會 1995 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

Critical behavior near the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transformation in the austenite phase of Ni₄₃Mn₄₆Sn₈X₃ (X=In and Cr) Heusler alloys

Nan, W.Z.,Thanh, Tran Dang,Nam, G.,You, T.S.,Piao, H.G.,Pan, L.Q.,Yu, S.C. Elsevier 2017 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.443 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, we present a detailed study on the magnetic property and critical behavior in the austenitic phase of Ni<SUB>43</SUB>Mn<SUB>46</SUB>Sn<SUB>8</SUB>X<SUB>3</SUB> alloys with X=Cr and In, which were prepared by an arc-melting method in an argon ambience. The <I>M</I>(<I>T</I>) curve of the Cr sample (X=Cr) exhibits a single magnetic phase transition at the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic (FM) austenitic phase with <I>T</I> <SUP>A</SUP> <SUB>C</SUB> =303K. In contrast, the In sample (X=In) exhibits multiple magnetic phase transitions, including a magnetic phase transition from a FM state to weakly magnetic state at <I>T</I> <SUP>M</SUP> <SUB>C</SUB> =165K of the martensitic phase, a martensitic transition from the weakly magnetic to the FM austenite phase at <I>T</I> <SUP>M-A</SUP> =259K, and a magnetic phase transition from the FM to paramagnetic (PM) at <I>T</I> <SUP>A</SUP> <SUB>C</SUB> =297K of the austenite phase. Based on the Landau theory and <I>M</I>(<I>H</I>) data measured at different temperatures, we pointed that the FM-PM phase transitions around <I>T</I> <SUP>A</SUP> <SUB>C</SUB> in both samples were the second-order phase transition. Our results suggest an existence of the long-range FM interactions in the austenite phase. A small deviation from the mean-field theory of the critical exponents has been also observed pointing out an existence of the inhomogeneous magnetism that could be associated with the presence of the anti-FM interactions in these samples. Besides, their effective exponents <I>β</I> <SUB>eff</SUB>(<I>ε</I>) and <I>γ</I> <SUB>eff</SUB>(<I>ε</I>) have been also calculated.</P>

Deep SDSS optical spectroscopy of distant halo stars : II. Iron, calcium, and magnesium abundances⋆⋆⋆

Ferná,ndez-Alvar, E.,Allende Prieto, C.,Schlesinger, K. J.,Beers, T. C.,Robin, A. C.,Schneider, D. P.,Lee, Y. S.,Bizyaev, D.,Ebelke, G.,Malanushenko, E.,Malanushenko, V.,Oravetz, D.,Pan, K.,Simm EDP Sciences 2015 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.577 No.-

Tailoring the Impact Toughness of Sintered NdFeB Magnets via Surface Coating

X. G. Cui,J. X. Pan,C. Y. Cui,P. Mei,X. H. Wang,C. Fang,T. Y. Ma,C. Wang,X. C. Peng 한국자기학회 2018 Journal of Magnetics Vol.23 No.1

Metallic coating by electroplating is commonly attractive for improving the corrosion resistance of sintered NdFeB magnets. However, its tailoring of mechanical characteristics for sintered NdFeB magnets has been seldom concerned. Herein, the impact toughnesses of sintered NdFeB magnets with various metallic coatings (Ni or Ni/Sn) were comparatively investigated. The results indicate that the impact toughnesses of sintered NdFeB magnets are both improved by Ni coating and Ni/Sn bilayer coating. And Ni/Sn bilayer coating exhibits more enhancement of the impact toughness, increased by 41.6% compared with the original magnet. Moreover, the microstructural observations of the metallic coatings and the fracture were conducted, and the enhanced mechanism of impact toughness for the magnet is analyzed. These findings may provide a reference for toughening the brittle materials.

DNA capturing machinery through spore‐displayed proteins

Park, T.J.,Lee, S.J.,Pan, J.‐,G.,Jung, H.‐,C.,Park, J.Y.,Park, J.P.,Lee, S.Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Letters in applied microbiology Vol.53 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Aims: </B> The purpose of this study was to develop a general method for the facile development of a new DNA biosensor which utilizes streptavidin‐displayed spores as a molecular machinery.</P><P><B>Methods and Results: </B> Fluorescence spectroscopy was used as a monitoring tool for the streptavidin displayed on the surface of <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> spores and as a diagnosis method for DNA detection. As a proof‐of‐concept, four pathogenic bacteria including <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>, <I>Acinetobacter baumannii</I>, <I>Escherichia coli</I> and <I>Klebsiella pneumonia</I> were used for the detection of pathogenic species. In addition, a set of mutant variants of Wilson’s disease were also used for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this system.</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> This strategy, utilizing streptavidin‐displayed spores, is capable of capturing DNA targets for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and for mutation analysis in Wilson’s disease.</P><P><B>Significance and Impact of the Study: </B> This approach could be useful as a simple platform for developing sensitive spore‐based biosensors for any desired DNA targets in diagnostic applications.</P>

고추 水耕栽培에서의 主要 無機成分 吸收特性

金?泰(Kim H.T.),姜光倫(Kang K.Y.),崔周星(Choe J.S.),潘采敦(Pan C.D.),鄭凞敦(Chung H.D.) 한국원예학회 1986 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.4 No.1

Multi-study Integration of Brain Cancer Transcriptomes Reveals Organ-Level Molecular Signatures

Sung, Jaeyun,Kim, Pan-Jun,Ma, Shuyi,Funk, Cory C.,Magis, Andrew T.,Wang, Yuliang,Hood, Leroy,Geman, Donald,Price, Nathan D. Public Library of Science 2013 PLoS computational biology Vol.9 No.7

<▼1><P>We utilized abundant transcriptomic data for the primary classes of brain cancers to study the feasibility of separating all of these diseases simultaneously based on molecular data alone. These signatures were based on a new method reported herein – Identification of Structured Signatures and Classifiers (ISSAC) – that resulted in a brain cancer marker panel of 44 unique genes. Many of these genes have established relevance to the brain cancers examined herein, with others having known roles in cancer biology. Analyses on large-scale data from multiple sources must deal with significant challenges associated with heterogeneity between different published studies, for it was observed that the variation among individual studies often had a larger effect on the transcriptome than did phenotype differences, as is typical. For this reason, we restricted ourselves to studying only cases where we had at least two independent studies performed for each phenotype, and also reprocessed all the raw data from the studies using a unified pre-processing pipeline. We found that learning signatures across multiple datasets greatly enhanced reproducibility and accuracy in predictive performance on truly independent validation sets, even when keeping the size of the training set the same. This was most likely due to the meta-signature encompassing more of the heterogeneity across different sources and conditions, while amplifying signal from the repeated global characteristics of the phenotype. When molecular signatures of brain cancers were constructed from all currently available microarray data, 90% phenotype prediction accuracy, or the accuracy of identifying a particular brain cancer from the background of all phenotypes, was found. Looking forward, we discuss our approach in the context of the eventual development of organ-specific molecular signatures from peripheral fluids such as the blood.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>From a multi-study, integrated transcriptomic dataset, we identified a marker panel for differentiating major human brain cancers at the gene-expression level. The ISSAC molecular signatures for brain cancers, composed of 44 unique genes, are based on comparing expression levels of pairs of genes, and phenotype prediction follows a diagnostic hierarchy. We found that sufficient dataset integration across multiple studies greatly enhanced diagnostic performance on truly independent validation sets, whereas signatures learned from only one dataset typically led to high error rate. Molecular signatures of brain cancers, when obtained using all currently available gene-expression data, achieved 90% phenotype prediction accuracy. Thus, our integrative approach holds significant promise for developing organ-level, comprehensive, molecular signatures of disease.</P></▼2>

Effects of AlN/GaN Superlattices on the Structural Properties of Al0.45Ga0.55N Grown on AlN/Sapphire Templates

Q. M. Fu,T. Peng,Y. Pan,C. Liu 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.6

Crack-free Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers with and without AlN/GaN superlattices were grown on AlN/sapphire templates by using radio-frequency-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of the AlN/GaN superlattices on the structural properties of the Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers were studied. A reduction of screw dislocations was achieved in Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers by using AlN/GaN superlattices. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed that the compressive strain of Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers was effectively relaxed through the inclination of edge threading-dislocations. Crack-free Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers with and without AlN/GaN superlattices were grown on AlN/sapphire templates by using radio-frequency-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of the AlN/GaN superlattices on the structural properties of the Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers were studied. A reduction of screw dislocations was achieved in Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers by using AlN/GaN superlattices. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed that the compressive strain of Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers was effectively relaxed through the inclination of edge threading-dislocations.