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Q. M. Fu,T. Peng,Y. Pan,C. Liu 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.6
Crack-free Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers with and without AlN/GaN superlattices were grown on AlN/sapphire templates by using radio-frequency-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of the AlN/GaN superlattices on the structural properties of the Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers were studied. A reduction of screw dislocations was achieved in Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers by using AlN/GaN superlattices. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed that the compressive strain of Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers was effectively relaxed through the inclination of edge threading-dislocations. Crack-free Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers with and without AlN/GaN superlattices were grown on AlN/sapphire templates by using radio-frequency-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of the AlN/GaN superlattices on the structural properties of the Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers were studied. A reduction of screw dislocations was achieved in Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers by using AlN/GaN superlattices. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed that the compressive strain of Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers was effectively relaxed through the inclination of edge threading-dislocations.
Y. Q. Ning,B. C. Xie,C. Zhou,H. Q. Liang,M. W. Fu 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.2
Strain-rate sensitivity (SRS) is an important parameter to describe the thermodynamic behavior in plasticdeformation process. In this research, the variation of SRS associated with steady-state DRX in P/Msuperalloys was quantitatively investigated. Based on the theoretical analysis and microstructural observationof the alloy after deformation, the SRS coefficient was employed to identify the deformation mechanismof the alloy. Meanwhile, the corresponding relationship between SRS coefficient m, stress exponent nand deformation mechanism was revealed. The stress exponent n in the Arrhenius constitutive model of P/Msuperalloys was calculated. In addition, it is found there is a relatively stable stress exponent range (n = 4-6),indicating that dislocation evolution played as the major hot deformation mechanism for P/M FGH4096superalloy. Furthermore, the Bergstrom model and Senkov model were used and combined together to estimatethe SRS coefficient in the steady-state DRX and the m value maintains at 0.2-0.22, which are consistentwith the microstructural evolution during hot deformation process. The SRS coefficient distribution mapand power dissipation efficiency distribution map were finally constructed associated with the microstructuralevolution during hot deformation, which can be used to optimize the processing parameters of thesuperalloys.
Deposition of ZnO thin films on GaN substrates
T. Peng,Q. M. Fu,C. Liu 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.-
ZnO thin films were deposited by electron-beam evaporation on undoped GaN and p-GaN substrates, which were grown by radio-frequency assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. It has been found that rotation of the substrate during deposition has a crucial effect on the morphology and microstructure that can be varied from nanorod growth to two-dimensional ZnO thin film growth when the substrate is changed from stationary to rotatory. Under optimized growth conditions, the morphologies of ZnO thin films are similar to those of GaN substrates. ZnO thin films were deposited by electron-beam evaporation on undoped GaN and p-GaN substrates, which were grown by radio-frequency assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. It has been found that rotation of the substrate during deposition has a crucial effect on the morphology and microstructure that can be varied from nanorod growth to two-dimensional ZnO thin film growth when the substrate is changed from stationary to rotatory. Under optimized growth conditions, the morphologies of ZnO thin films are similar to those of GaN substrates.
Studies of the growth method and properties of AlN grown by RF-MBE
B. Liu,Q. M. Fu,K. M. Wu,C. Liu 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.-
Two growth methods have been used to grow AlN films at 785℃ on (0001) sapphire substrates by radio-frequency-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The morphological and structural properties of the AlN films grown with and without low-temperature interlayers were studied by atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the crystalline quality of the AlN films with interlayers is higher than that without interlayers. The low-temperature interlayers can decrease the threading dislocations of AlN film. Two growth methods have been used to grow AlN films at 785℃ on (0001) sapphire substrates by radio-frequency-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The morphological and structural properties of the AlN films grown with and without low-temperature interlayers were studied by atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the crystalline quality of the AlN films with interlayers is higher than that without interlayers. The low-temperature interlayers can decrease the threading dislocations of AlN film.
Li, Y.,Yao, Z.,Fu, X.Q.,Li, Z.M.,Shan, F.K.,Wang, C. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Solid-state electronics Vol.131 No.-
Recently, integrated passive devices have become increasingly popular; inductor realization, in particular, offers interesting high performance for RF modules and systems. In this paper, a development of differential inductor fabricated by integrated passive devices technology using a double air-bridge structure is presented. A study of the model development of the differential inductor is first demonstrated. In this model section, a segment box analysis method is applied to provide a clear presentation of the differential inductor. Compared with other work that only shows a brief description of the process, the integrated passive devices process used to fabricate the inductor in this study is elaborated on. Finally, a characterization of differential inductors with different physical layout parameters is illustrated based on inductance and quality factors, which provides a valuable reference for realizing high performance. The proposed work provides a good solution for the design, fabrication and practical application of RF modules and systems.
Structural Characterization of anocrystalline TiO2 and TiO2 : SiO2 Powders and Thin Films at 35 ±C
C. Liu,J. B. Wang,M. Kiuchi,Q. Fu,T. Mihara,W. K. Zhao,Y. L. Fang 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.1
We report on the preparation and characterization of TiO2 and mixed TiO2:SiO2 powders and thin ¯lms by using liquid phase deposition at 35 ±C. TiO2 and TiO2:SiO2 powders and thin ¯lms have been formed by the chemical equilibrium reaction between titanium °uoro-complex ions and metal oxide. The eect of the deposition conditions on the structural properties was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, step pro¯lometertransmission-electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic-force microscopy. The results show that transparent and photoac-tive TiO2 nanocrystalline thin ¯lms can be prepared at 35 ±C. The incorporation of an appropriate amount of SiO2 into TiO2 nanocrystalline thin ¯lms can improve the photocatalytic activity. The possible mechanism is discussed.
A sub-decadal trend in diacids in atmospheric aerosols in eastern Asia
Kundu, S.,Kawamura, K.,Kobayashi, M.,Tachibana, E.,Lee, M.,Fu, P. Q.,Jung, J. Copernicus GmbH 2016 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.16 No.2
<P>Abstract. Change in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) has been predicted to be highly uncertain in the future atmosphere in Asia. To better quantify the SOA change, we examine the sub-decadal (2001-2008) trend in major surrogate compounds (C2-C10 diacids) of SOA in atmospheric aerosols from Gosan site on Cheju Island, South Korea. The Gosan site is influenced by pollution outflows from eastern Asia. The molecular distributions of diacids were characterized by the predominance of oxalic (C2) acid followed by malonic (C3) and succinic (C4) acids in each year. The seasonal variations in diacids in each year were characterized by the highest concentrations of saturated diacids in spring and unsaturated diacids in winter. The consistent molecular distributions and seasonal variations along with significantly similar air mass transport patterns are indicative of similar pollution sources for diacids in eastern Asia on a sub-decadal scale. However, the intensity of the pollution sources has increased as evidenced by the increases in major diacids at the rate of 3.9-47.4 % per year, particularly in April. The temporal variations in atmospheric tracer compounds (carbon monoxide, levoglucosan, 2-methyltetrols, pinic acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxal and methylglyoxal) suggest that the increases in diacids are due to enhanced precursor emissions associated with more anthropogenic than biogenic activities followed by the compounds' chemical processing in the atmosphere. The trends in diacids contrast with the reported decreases in sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in recent years in eastern Asia. This study demonstrates that recent pollution control strategies in eastern Asia were not able to decrease organic acidic species in the atmosphere. The increases in water-soluble organic acid fraction could modify the aerosol organic composition and its sensitivity to climate relevant physical properties. </P>
TRANSPORT OF SOLAR WIND H <sup>+</sup> AND He <sup>++</sup> IONS ACROSS EARTH’S BOW SHOCK
Parks, G. K.,Lee, E.,Fu, S. Y.,Kim, H. E.,Ma, Y. Q.,Yang, Z. W.,Liu, Y.,Lin, N.,Hong, J.,Canu, P.,Dandouras, I.,Rè,me, H.,Goldstein, M. L. American Astronomical Society 2016 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.825 No.2
<P>We have investigated the dependence of mass, energy, and charge of solar wind ( SW) transport across Earth's bow shock. An examination of 111 crossings during quiet SW in both quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel shock regions shows that 64 crossings had various degrees of heating and thermalization of SW. We found 22 crossings where the SW speed was <400 km s(-1). The shock potential of a typical supercritical quasi-perpendicular shock estimated from deceleration of the SW and cutoff energy of electron flat top distribution is similar to 50 Volts. We find that the temperatures of H+ and He++ beams that penetrate the shock can sometimes be nearly the same in the upstream and downstream regions, indicating little or no heating had occurred crossing the bow shock. None of the models predict that the SW can cross the bow shock without heating. Our observations are important constraints for new models of collisionless shocks.</P>