TmSR-C, scavenger receptor class C, plays a pivotal role in antifungal and antibacterial immunity in the coleopteran insect Tenebrio molitor

Kim, S.G.,Jo, Y.H.,Seong, J.H.,Park, K.B.,Noh, M.Y.,Cho, J.H.,Ko, H.J.,Kim, C.E.,Tindwa, H.,Patnaik, B.B.,Bang, I.S.,Lee, Y.S.,Han, Y.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Insect biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.89 No.-

Scavenger receptors (SRs) constitute a family of membrane-bound receptors that bind to multiple ligands. The SR family of proteins is involved in removing cellular debris, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and pathogens. Specifically, class C scavenger receptors (SR-C) have also been reported to be involved in phagocytosis of gram-positive and -negative bacteria in Drosophila and viruses in shrimp. However, reports are unavailable regarding the role of SR-C in antifungal immune mechanisms in insects. In this study, a full-length Tenebrio molitor SR-C (TmSR-C) sequence was obtained by 5'- and 3'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR). The TmSR-C full-length cDNA comprised 1671 bp with 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of 23- and 107-bp, respectively. TmSR-C encodes a putative protein of 556 amino acid residues that is constitutively expressed in all tissues of late instar larvae and 2-day-old adults, with the highest transcript levels observed in hemocytes of larvae and adults. TmSR-C mRNA showed a 2.5-fold and 3-fold increase at 24 and 6 h after infection with Candida albicans and β-glucan, respectively. Immunoassay with TmSR-C polyclonal antibody showed induction of the putative protein in the cytosols of hemocytes at 3 h after inoculation of C. albicans. RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing and phagocytosis assays were used to understand the role of TmSR-C in antifungal immunity. Silencing of TmSR-C transcripts reduced the survivability of late instar larvae at 2 days post-inoculation of C. albicans, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, in TmSR-C-silenced larvae, there was a decline in the rate of microorganism phagocytosis. Taken together, results of this study suggest that TmSR-C plays a pivotal role in phagocytosing not only fungi but also gram-negative and -positive bacteria in T. molitor.

각종 심질환에서의 방사성 동위원소 심혈관 조영술에 관한 연구

조보연,고창순,정준기,박선양,김병국,류박영 대한핵의학회 1979 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.13 No.1

비관혈적 방법인 방사성동위원소 심혈관조영술 정성적 및 정량적인 분석을 시도하고자 1979년 3월부터 9월까지 서울대학병원에 입원한 각종 심질환환자 147명과 정상대조군 26명을 대상으로 방사성동위원소 심혈관찰영술을 시행하여 다음과같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 심도자법으로 단락이 확진된 좌우단락 24예중 22예에서 진단할 수 있었고, 심장단락 21예에서는 전예에서 진단이 가능하였다. 방사성 동위원소법으로 좌우단락을 진단할 수 있는 최소의 Qp/Qs비는 1.3이었다. 2) 폐의 시간일방사능유선에서 최대방사능치(C1)와 같은 시간 뒤의 방사능치(C2)의 비 C2/C1는 정상대조군에서는 28.6±4.6%(21∼38%)이었고, 좌우단락에서는 67.8±12.2%로 정상대조군에 비하여 현저히 증가되어 있었다(P$lt;0.01). 3) 좌우단락 8예에서의 폐의 시간일방사능유선을 이용하여 구한 Qp/Qs비는 oxymetry법에 의한 Qp/Qs비와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(상관계수 0.907, P$lt;0.01). 4) 개심수술후 단락의 교정여부를 방사성동위원소 심혈관조영술로 쉽게 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 성적으로 방사성동위원소 심혈관조영술은 간단하고 안전하게 심장단락의 정성적 및 정량적인 분석을 할 수 있었으며 그 성적이 심도자법과 비교하여 높은 정확도를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었고 반복시행이 용이하기 때문에 수술 후의 교정 여부도 쉽게 판정 할 수 있어 임상적으로 크게 유용하다고 생각되었다. Radionuclidd cardiac angiography has distinct advantages in safety, patient comfort, cost and ease of performance. This method offers diagnostic accuracy equivalent to that of cardiac catheterization. By this method the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the cardiac shunts are available. Also for it is repeatable tvith ease and more physiologic, it has application in following pre- and post-operative shunt patients. We performed the radionuclide cardiac angiographies in 147 cases of heart diseases and 26 cases of normal group. 1) The detection of left-to-right shunt was possible in 22 of 24 patients, and 2 patients were not diagnosed due to small shunt amount.(Qp/Qs$lt;l. 3) In 21 patients of right-to-left shunt, all were diagnosed by radionuclide cardiac angiography. 2) With the pulmonary time-activity curve, C2/C1 ratio was calculated. In normal control group, a range of C2/C1 ratios of 21∼38% was established with a mean value of 28.6±4.6%. In patients with left-to-right shunts determined by catheterizion data, the range of C2/C1 ratio was 33∼90%, with a mean value of 67.8±12.2%. 3) In 8 cases of left-to-right shunt, Qp/Qs ratios determined by radionuclide cardiac angiography were compaired with those of cardiac catheterization. The correlation coefficient was 0.907. (P$lt;0.001) 4) Postoperative radionuclide cardiac angiographies were clone in 21 cases. 3 of 13 patients with left-to-right shunts were found to have residual shunts. 8 patients with right-to-left shunts were confirmed to have no residual shunt.

Prognostic Value of Multidetector Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Relation to Exercise Electrocardiogram in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Cho, I.,Shim, J.,Chang, H.J.,Sung, J.M.,Hong, Y.,Shim, H.,Kim, Y.J.,Choi, B.W.,Min, J.K.,Kim, J.Y.,Shim, C.Y.,Hong, G.R.,Chung, N. Elsevier Biomedical 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY - Vol.60 No.21

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prognostic value of multidetector coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in relation to exercise electrocardiography (XECG) findings. Background: The prognostic usefulness of coronary CTA findings of coronary artery disease in relation to XECG findings has not been explored systematically. Methods: Patients with suspected coronary artery disease who had undergone both coronary CTA and XECG (<90 days between tests) from 2003 through 2009 were enrolled retrospectively. Coronary CTA results were classified according to the severity of maximal stenosis (normal, mild: <40% of luminal stenosis, moderate: 40% to 69%, severe: ≥70%), XECG results were categorized as positive and negative, and Duke XECG score was calculated. Clinical follow-up data were collected for major adverse cardiac events (MACE): cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring hospitalization, and revascularization after 90 days from index coronary CTA. C-statistics were calculated to compare discriminatory values of each test. Results: Among the 2,977 (58 +/- 10 years) study patients, 12% demonstrated positive XECG results. By coronary CTA, patients were categorized as normal (56%) or having mild (26%), moderate (13%), or severe (5%) disease. During a median follow-up of 3.3 years (interquartile range: 2.3 to 4.6), 97 MACE were observed and the 5-year cumulative event rate was 3.6% (95% confidence interval: 3.0 to 4.3). Although both XECG (C-statistic: 0.790) and coronary CTA (C-statistic: 0.908) improved risk stratification beyond clinical risk factors (C-statistic: 0.746, p < 0.05 for all), XECG in addition to coronary CTA (C-statistic: 0.907) did not provide better discrimination than coronary CTA alone (p = 0.389). In subgroup analyses, coronary CTA stratified risk of MACE in groups with both positive and negative XECG results (all p < 0.001 for trend). However, positive XECG results predicted risk of MACE on coronary CTA only in the moderate stenosis group (hazard ratio: 2.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.29 to 5.19, p = 0.008) and severe stenosis group (hazard ratio: 2.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.19 to 4.38, p = 0.013). Conclusions: In patients with suspected coronary artery disease, coronary CTA discriminates future risk of MACE in patients independent of XECG results. Compared with coronary CTA, XECG has an additive prognostic value only in patients with moderate to severe stenosis on coronary CTA.

Suppression of hypoxic cell death by APIP-induced sustained activation of AKT and ERK1/2

Cho, D-H,Lee, H-J,Kim, H-J,Hong, S-H,Pyo, J-O,Cho, C,Jung, Y-K Nature Publishing Group 2007 Oncogene Vol.26 No.19

Apaf-1-interacting protein (APIP) was previously isolated as an inhibitor of mitochondrial cell death interacting with Apaf-1. Here, we report a hypoxia-selective antiapoptotic activity of APIP that induces the activation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Stable expression of APIP in C2C12 (C2C12/APIP) cells suppressed cell death induced by hypoxia and etoposide. Unlike etoposide, however, APIP induces the sustained activation of AKT and ERK1/2 and the phosphorylation of caspase-9 during hypoxia. Inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 activation by the treatments with phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibitors sensitized C2C12/APIP cells to hypoxic cell death and abolished the hypoxia-induced phosphorylation of caspase-9. Further, overexpression of phosphorylation-mimic caspase-9 mutants (caspase-9-T125E and caspase-9-S196D), but not phosphorylation-defective caspase-9 mutants (caspase-9-T125A and caspase-9-S196A), effectively suppressed hypoxia-induced death of C2C12 cells. These results elucidate a novel Apaf-1-independent antiapoptotic activity of APIP during hypoxic cell death, inducing the sustained activation of AKT and ERK1/2 and leading to caspase-9 phosphorylation.Oncogene (2007) 26, 2809–2814. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210080; published online 6 November 2006

C language를 위한 Concurrent Programming 환경의 개발

윤용익(Y I Yoon),조주현(J H Cho),정영조(Y C Chung),강석열(S Y. Kang) 한국정보과학회 1988 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.15 No.1

Multiprocessor system이 널리 보급되고 사용됨에 따라 concurrent programming은 더욱 더 중요한 feature가 되어가고 있다. 기존의 C 언어는 concurrent programming을 위한 feature들을 가지고 있지 못하나, 본 논문에서는 concurrent processing이 가능한 Concurrent-C 언어를 설계, 구현하였다. Concurrent feature들을 첨가하는 방법으로는 여러 종류의 runtime library routine들을 제공하여 C program 내에서 이 routine들을 call하는 방식을 사용하였다. Concurrent-C는 UNIX 환경하에서 구현되었으며, 실제로 C compiler를 제공하는 어떠한 OS 상에서도 host machine의 종류에 관계없이 구현될 수 있다.

Characterization of Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, Class 3 (PIK3C3) Gene and Association Tests with Quantitative Traits in Pigs

Kim, J.H.,Choi, B.H.,Lim, H.T.,Park, E.W.,Lee, S.H.,Seo, B.Y.,Cho, I.C.,Lee, J.G.,Oh, S.J.,Jeon, J.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.12

This study deals with the characterization of porcine PIK3C3 and association tests with quantitative traits. PIK3C3 belongs to the class 3 PI3Ks that participate in the regulation of hepatic glucose output, glycogen synthase, and antilipolysis in typical insulin target cells such as those in the such as liver, muscle system, and fat. On the analysis of full-length mRNA sequence, the length of the PIK3C3 CDS was recorded as 2,664 bps. As well, nucleotide and amino acid identities between human and pig subjects were 92% and 99%, respectively. Five SNPs were detected over 5 exons. We performed genotyping by using a SNP C2604T on exon24 for 145 F$_2$ animals (from a cross between Korean native boars and Landrace sows) by PCR-RFLP analysis with Hpy8I used to investigate the relationship between growth and fat depot traits. In the total association analysis, which doesn' consider transmission disequilibrium, the SNP showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight and carcass fat at 30 weeks of age as well as a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on back fat. In an additional sib-pair analysis, C allele still showed positive and significant effects (p<0.05) on back fat thickness and carcass fat. Moreover, the effects of C allele on the means of within-family components for carcass fat and back fat were estimated as 2.76 kg and 5.07 mm, respectively. As a result, the SNP of porcine PIK3C3 discovered in this study could be utilized as a possible genetic marker for the selection of pigs that possess low levels of back fat and carcass fat at the slaughter weight.

한우 비육에 관한 연구 1 . Methylthiouracil 첨가 및 Estradiol 17β - Cypionate 주사가 약령 모우 비육에 미치는 효과

김창기 ( C K Kim ),이택원 ( T W Lee ),김종욱 ( J W Kim ),배대식 ( D S Bae ),오선균 ( S K Oh ),조지훈 ( C H Cho ),김법회 ( B H Kim ),김상렬 ( S Y Kim ),배신석 ( S S Bae ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to affirm any effects of methylthiouracil and estradiol 17β-cypionate administered to young bulls for short term fattening. Eighteen bulls of Korean native breed, approximately 1.5 to 2 years of age and 260㎏ to 360㎏ in weight, were used in this study. All bulls had received a basal ration of soiling corn and concentrate made up of 55% grains, 40% brans and 5% others, in a period of 40 days. Bulls were divided into six groups as follows: group C was not treated, group M-2 received 2g of methylthiouracil per day, group M-3 received 3g of methylthiouracil per day, group EM-0 was injected intramusculary with 25㎎ of estradiol 17β-cypionate in the neck region 10 days after the beginning of the fattening period, group EM-2 was injected with estradiol 17β-cypionate as above mentioned and simultaneously received 2g of methylthiouracil per day, and group EM-3 was injected with estradiol 17β-cypionate as above mentioned and simultaneously received 3g of methylthiouracil per day. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The average daily gain was for group C: 0.83㎏, group M-2: 1.07㎏, group M-3: 1.40㎏, group EM-0, 0.93㎏, group EM-2: 0.95㎏, and group EM-3: 1.18㎏. The M-3 group gained significantly(P$lt;0.05) more weight than C and EM-0 group. There were no significant differences in the average daily gain between the groups injected with estradiol 17β-eypionate and the control group. 2. The average daily concentrate intake was as follows: group C: 5.47㎏, group M-2: 5.00㎏, group M-3: 4.52㎏, group EM-0: 5.21㎏, group EM-2: 4.35㎏, and group EM-3: 4.61㎏. The consumption of concentrate was decreased by 17% in the M-3 group compared with the C group. There was no significant difference in the soiling corn intake among these groups. 3. Feed consumed for 1㎏ gain were decreased by the supplementation of methylthiouracil. The consumption of DCP for 1㎏ gain was in group C: 0.82㎏, group M-2: 0.59㎏, group M-3: 0.41㎏, group EM-0: 0.70㎏, group EM-2: 0.59㎏, and group EM-3: 0.50㎏. The amounts of TDN required were; group C: 6.57㎏, group M-2: 4.76㎏, group M-3: 3.39㎏, group EM-0: 5.67㎏, group EM-Z: 4.87㎏, and group EM-3: 4.08㎏. The consumption of DCP and TDN for 1㎏ gain in the M-3 group was about a half of that in the C group. 4. There was not any significant difference in the increase in body measurements among the various groups. 5. The average margins in the fattening period of 40 days were for group C: 2,950won, group M-2: 5,327won, group M-3: 9,158won, group EM-0: 3,310won, group EM-2: 3,623won, and group EM-3: 5,575won. The margin of group M-3 was about three times higher than that of group C. In short, this experiment demonstrated that methylthiouracil when fed to young native Korean bulls at the proper level 40 days before slaughter would bring a noticeable effect on weight gain, feed efficiency and economic advantage. There were no advantages from the simultaneous injecting estradiol 17β-cypionate with methylthiouracil. The proper supplementation level of methylthiouracil would appear to be 3g per head per day in this experiment.

열처리에 따른 Y₂O₃박막의 미세 구조 변화와 전기적 특성 변화에 대한 고찰

정윤하(Y. H. Jung),강성관(S. K. Kang),김은하(E. H. Kim),고대홍(D. H. Ko),조만호(M. H. Cho),황정남(C. N. Whang) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1999 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.8 No.3(1)

p-type Si (100) 기판 위에 습식 산화법으로 SiO₂ 층을 형성한 후, Ionized Cluster Beam(ICB) 증착 방법으로 200 Å 두께의 Y₂O₃ 박막을 증착 하였다. Y₂O₃ 박막이 증착 된 시편을 산소, 아르곤 분위기에서 열처리한 후, Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)과 Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)을 사용하여 Y₂O₃ 박막의 표면과 계면을 관찰하였다. 열처리를 수행한 후 Y₂O₃ 박막과 Si 기판 사이에서 SiO₂층이 성장하고, 이트륨실리 케이트 층이 형성되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 산소 분위기에서 열처리를 수행한 시편의 Y₂O₃ 박막 표면을 관찰한 결과, 표면 상부에 아르곤 분위기에서 열처리한 시편에서는 보이지 않았던 새로운 상이 형성되었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 전기적 특성을 측정하기 위하여 Al/Y₂O₃/p-type Si (100) 의 캐패시턴스-전압 특성을 관찰하였고, 그 결과 Y₂O₃ 박막의 유전 상수 값이 약 9정도임을 알 수 있었다. We investigated the interfacial reactions between the Y₂O₃ film deposited by ICB processing and p-type (100) Si substrates upon annealing treatments in O₂ and Ar gas ambients. We also investigated the evolution of surface morphology of ICB deposited Y₂O₃ films upon annealing treatments. We observed that the root-mean-square (RMS) value of surface roughness measured by AFM increased with annealing time at 800℃ in O₂ ambient, while the change of surface roughness was not observed in Ar ambient. We also found the growth of SiO₂ layer and the formation of yttrium silicate layer. From the capacitance values (C_(acc)) measured by C-V measurements, the relative dielectric constant of Y₂O₃ film in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure was estimated to be about 9.

Spongiibacter tropicus sp. nov., isolated from a Synechococcus culture

Hwang, C. Y.,Cho, B. C. Microbiology Society 2009 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.59 No.9

<P>Two Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile strains, designated CL-CB221T and CL-CB467, were isolated from a Synechococcus culture derived from tropical surface water of the Pacific Ocean. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical, and it was found that they belonged to the class Gammaproteobacteria, with Spongiibacter marinus HAL40bT as their closest relative (similarity of 96.3%). Both strains grew optimally at 30-35 degrees C and pH 7-8 in the presence of 3-4% (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1omega7c, C17:1omega8c, C16:0 and summed feature 3 (C16:1omega7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH). The genomic DNA G+C contents were 57.7 and 57.8 mol%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed high values (97+/-2%) for relatedness between strains CL-CB221T and CL-CB467, which suggested that these two strains belong to a single species. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data presented, it is proposed that strains CL-CB221T and CL-CB467 represent a novel species of the genus Spongiibacter, for which the name Spongiibacter tropicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CL-CB221T (=KCCM 90065T=DSM 19543T).</P>

200 GeV/핵자 유황이온과 핵건판핵의 충돌에 의해 생성된 헬륨 파쇄핵의 극한파쇄 연구

김동철,송진섭,윤천실,정성헌,박인곤,김종오,김철수,김태연,이승희,조재희,천병구,김재률,김준원,김태익,박명렬,장한일,임인택 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1992 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.-

고에너지 중이온 원자핵과 핵건판의 충돌에서, 200GeV/핵자 유황이온에 의해 생성된 파쇄 헬륨핵(Z=2)의 실험실계의 방출각 분포는 표적핵에 무관한 회귀공식. dN=exp[a+k exp(η-y_b)]d[exp(η-y_b)]로 잘 표현된다. 여기에서 의사신속도 η=-ln[tan(θ/2)]이고, y_b는 실험실계의 입사입자(^32S)의 신속도이다. 이 공식에 의한 적합에서 k=-0.057±0.008로 얻어진다. 즉, 핵건판과 고에너지 중이온의 충돌에서 파쇄 헬륨핵의 exp(η-y_b)의 분포는 "극한파쇄" 현상을 잘 설명하고 있다. The angular distribution of emission angle θ of helium (Z=2) produced in the collisions of incident particles of 200 GeV/nucleon ^32S in nuclear emulsion is well expressed by dN=exp[a+k exp(η-y_b)]d[exp(η-y_b)] where the pseudorapidity is η=-ln[tan(θ/2)], the laboratory system primary rapidity is y_b, and k=-0.057+0.008. The shape of this frequency of occurrence distributions in terms of exp(η-y_b) attests to the validity of the concept of "limiting fragmentation" for helium projectile fragments produced in the projectile fragmentation regions of heavy ion collisions in nuclear emulsion.