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c-Cbl-Mediated Neddylation Antagonizes Ubiquitination and Degradation of the TGF-β Type II Receptor
Zuo, W.,Huang, F.,Chiang, Y.,Li, M.,Du, J.,Ding, Y.,Zhang, T.,Lee, H.,Jeong, L.,Chen, Y.,Deng, H.,Feng, X.H.,Luo, S.,Gao, C.,Chen, Y.G. Cell Press 2013 Molecular cell Vol.49 No.3
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a potent antiproliferative factor in multiple types of cells. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with the development of many cancers, including leukemia, though the molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we show that Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), a known proto-oncogene encoding an ubiquitin E3 ligase, promotes TGF-β signaling by neddylating and stabilizing the type II receptor (TβRII). Knockout of c-Cbl decreases the TβRII protein level and desensitizes hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells to TGF-β stimulation, while c-Cbl overexpression stabilizes TβRII and sensitizes leukemia cells to TGF-β. c-Cbl conjugates neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8), a ubiquitin-like protein, to TβRII at Lys556 and Lys567. Neddylation of TβRII promotes its endocytosis to EEA1-positive early endosomes while preventing its endocytosis to caveolin-positive compartments, therefore inhibiting TβRII ubiquitination and degradation. We have also identified a neddylation-activity-defective c-Cbl mutation from leukemia patients, implying a link between aberrant TβRII neddylation and leukemia development.
Development of a Dynamic System Simulating Pig Gastric Digestion
Chiang, C.-C.,Croom, J.,Chuang, S.-T.,Chiou, P.W.S.,Yu, B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.10
The objective of this study was to develop a model for simulating gastric digestion in the pig. The model was constructed to include the chemical and physical changes associated with gastric digestion such as enzyme release, digestion product removal and gastric emptying. Digesta was collected from the stomach cannula of pigs to establish system parameters and to document the ability of the model to simulate gastric digestion. The results showed that the average pH of gastric digesta increased significantly from 2.47 to 4.97 after feed consumption and then decreased 140 min postprandial. The model described the decrease in pH within the pigs' stomach as $pH_t=5.182e^{-0.0014t}$, where t represents the postprandial time in minutes. The cumulative distribution function of liquid digesta was $V_t=64.509e^{0.0109t}$. The average pepsin activity in the liquid digesta was 317Anson units/mL. There was significant gastric emptying 220 min after feed consumption. The cybernetic dynamic system of gastric digestion was set according to the above data in order to compare with in vivo changes. The time course of crude protein digestion predicted by the model was highly correlated with observed in vivo digestion (r = 0.97; p = 0.0001), Model prediction for protein digestion was higher than that observed for a traditional static in vitro method (r = 0.89; p = 0.0001).
E-beam lithography and electrodeposition fabrication of thick nanostructured devices
Lo, T N,Chen, Y T,Chiu, C W,Liu, C J,Wu, S R,Lin, I K,Su, C I,Chang, W D,Hwu, Y,Shew, B Y,Chiang, C C,Je, J H,Margaritondo, G Institute of Physics [etc.] 2007 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.40 No.10
<P>A nanofabrication approach based on advanced e-beam lithography and electrodeposition successfully produced high-resolution (≈40 nm line width) metal structures with high aspect ratio (>12) and high density. The combination of these characteristics is essential for hard-x-ray optical components such as zone plates, for x-ray lithography masks and for other devices.</P>
Improving the Sensitivity of a High-Tc SQUID Magnetometer with a Serial Array
Chiu-Hsien Wu,Hong-Chang Yang,J. C. Chen,C. T. Chiang,C. Y. Chen,Herng-Er Horng,J. T. Jeng,K. L Chen,M. J. Chen 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.5I
To pursue a high-reproducibility and high-quality SQUID for high-Tc superconducting applications, we have designed and fabricated a flip-chip magnetometer as a sensor for measuring weak magnetic signals. The magnetometer consists of a serial SQUID magnetometer coupled to a flux focuser. The SQUIDs are connected in series, thereby increasing the peak-to-peak value of the voltage-flux transfer function, V. A flux focuser is employed to increase the effective area of the SQUID. The serial SQUID array has high-quality device characteristics. High-Tc SQUID magnetometers exhibiting a magnetic field sensitivity of 45 fT/Hz1/2 in the white region and 200 fT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz have been demonstrated in this work. The flip-chip SQUID magnetometer shows a sufficiently high sensitivity to record magnetocardiograms.
생육시기가 혼합화본과 목초의 수량및 품질에 미치는 영향
신정남,이재선,장윤환,강태홍 ( C . N . Shin,J . S . Lee,Y . H . Chiang,T . H . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.3
A stand of mixed Dactylis glomerata and Lolium multiflorum was cut for hay. The first growth was cut at four different stages of maturity. Chemical analysis and digestion trials with sheep was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of the hay. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Dry matter yields increased with each delay of harvest from 4.8 tons at the earliest cutting to 10.3 tons at the latest cutting. 2. In the herbages cut during the period of the before heading and after flowering stage, the content of crude fiber was increased to the range of 28.5% to 35.5% with advancing the maturity, but crude protein declined to the range of 17.6% to 9.2%. 3. The digestibility of DM, crude protein, and crude fibre decreased with advancing the maturity. The TDN contents on dry matter basis of the hay were 64.0, 50.6, 56.8 and 53.8% at before heading, heading, flowering and after flowering, respectively.
한국산 Zeolite 의 염기치환용량이 Broiler 의 증체 , 사료효율 및 영양소 이용율에 미치는 영향
장윤환,이상진,이규호,강태홍 ( Y . H . Chiang,S . C . Lee,K . H . Lee,T . H . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.2
Feeding and metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effect of canon exchange capacity of zeolite added in broiler`s diet on growth and nutrient utilization. The 234 chicks were randomly allocated to triplicate 6 treatments. Metabolism study was carried out by 30 chicks (5 chicks each treatment). The control diet contained no zeolite, but experimental one contained 3% zeolite or grit. The tested zeolite possessed 40, 60, 80 or 100 me/100g canon exchange capacity. The whole rations were adjusted to have iso-calorie and -protein. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Average weight gain of broilers showed no significant difference among treatments for 8 weeks. However, somewhat higher gain in zeolite or grit block was noticed compared to that in control. 2. Feed consumption represented no significant difference among treatments. 3. Feed required for Kg body weight gain in zeolite or grit group was slightly less than that in control, however, the difference was not significant. 4. Feed cost for body weight gain in zeolite or grit treatment was lower than that in control. 5. Utilization efficiencies of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus appeared to have similar values among treatments. However, carbohydrate utilization was improved by zeolite or grit supplementation. 6. Moisture contents in excreta from zeolite-fed chicks were less than that from control chicks, bur no significant difference was recognized. Those from grit-fed brids were more than that of control. 7. Ash contents in diets including zeolite or grit were very high (8-9%).