다제내성 그람양성균에 대한 Linezolid(Zyvox^(�))의 시험관내 항균력 비교

박대원,정희진,엄중식,황병연,김성범,이재갑,이연주,정혜원,정성주,박재형,이진수,손장욱,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

배경 : MRSA, VRE, VRSA같은 다제 내성 그람 양성균의 등장에 따라 glycopeptide를 대체할 새로운 항생제의 개발이 필요하게 되었고 결과적으로 새로운 항생제인 linezolid라는 항생제가 개발되었다. Linezolid는 이전의 항생제와는 다른 새로운 계열의 oxazolidinone으로 경구 이용률이 우수하다. 원내 및 원외감염의 중요한 원인균이 되고 있는 MRSA, VRE에 대한 적절한 경구용 항균제가 없는 국내에서 폐렴 및 피부 연조직 감염에서 경구용으로 사용해 볼 수 있는 약제이다. 본 연구에서는 고대 구로 병원에서 분리된 MRSA, VRE 등을 대상으로 다른 여러 항균제와 비교한 linezolid의 시험관내 항균력을 조사하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 연구대상은 1998년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 본원에서 입원 및 외래를 통하여 피부 연조직 감염증 및 호흡기 감염증, 요로감염증으로 진단된 환자들의 가검물로부터 분리된 MRSA 60균주, VRE 43균주, PRSP 25균주를 액체배지 또는 한천배지 희석법을 통하여 linezolid 및 기타 항균제에 대한 최소발육억제농도를 구하였다. 결과 : 실험에 사용한 S. aureus는 모두 MRSA였고 이들은 linezolid에 대해 MIC_(90) 2㎍/㎖(MIC 범위 1-2㎍/㎖), Enterococcus spp는 모두 VRE로 linezolid의 MIC_(90)은 2㎍/㎖로 MIC 범위는 1-4㎍/㎖였다. 한 개의 균주에서 MIC 4㎍/㎖로 중등도 감수성을 보였으나 MIC breakpoint가 (8㎍/㎖인 내성균주는 없고 모두 감수성을 보였다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 penicillin 내성이었고, linezolid MIC_(90) 1㎍/㎖ (MIC 범위 0.5-1㎍/㎖)로 전부 감수성을 보였다. 결론 : Linezolid는 MRSA를 위시한 VRE, PRSP 등의 다제 내성 그람 양성균에 대하여 우수한 시험관내 항균력을 보임을 알 수 있었다. Background : The emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, VRE, and VRSA, necessitated to develop new antibiotics, which could replace the glycopeptide. As a result, a new antibiotics named linezolid was developed. Linezolid is different line of oxazolidinones with a good oral bioavailability, compared to other antibiotics. Since appropriate oral antibiotics are not presently available for MRSA, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections, the introduction of linezolid will have favorable effect on treatment of infections such as pneumonia or skin infections. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic effect of linezolid on MRSA and VRE isolated from patients who were treated in Korea University Guro Hospital. Material and Methods : By using broth microdilution and agar dilution method we measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with sixty S. aureus, forty three Enterococcus spp., and twenty five S. pneumoniae isolates from patients who were diagnosed as skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and urinary infections in Korea University Guro Hospital from January, 1998 to December, 2002. Results : All of S. aureus used in this study were MRSA, and MIG_(90) of linezolid was below 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1-2 ㎍/㎖). All of Enterococcus spp. were VRE, and had MIG_(90) of 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1 to 4 ㎍/㎖). One of the VRE showed intermediate susceptibility with MIC of 4 ㎍/㎖. However, none was resistant with MIC breakpoint above 8 ㎍/㎖. All of S. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin, but they were susceptible to linezolid with MICao of 1 ㎍/㎖(MIC range 0.5-1㎍/㎖). Conclusion : In conclusions, linezolid has an excellent in vitro antibiotic effect on multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, PRSP, and VRE.

스포츠·레저용품 구매행동에 관한 연구

박병주,노영태,이상봉,이영덕,전동호,박철준 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1997 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

The decrease of working time and the increase of leisure time occused by the forms of Factory-Automation, Office-Automation and Household-Automation. The number of people involved in sports & leisure activities are world-widely increasing, and accordingly the demand of sports & leisure goods is outstandingly increased nowdays. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to find out how the demand and desire of consumers are being formed by purchasing sports & leisure goods, to analysis major influencing consumers' purchasing activities by means of inspecting consumers' recogintion and attitude on sports & leisure goods. The following are results ; 1. In sports & leisure activity, this study is found out that 34 men(15.5%) play once in a week, 31(14.2%) play twice or thrice in a month, 29(13.3%) play twice or three in a week. But 31 women(14.2%) play twice or three in a month, 18(8.2%) play once in a week and 25(11.4%) never do it. 2. In use of purchasing goods, man in that to physical training 114(52.1%), to leisure 13(5.9%), etc 9(4.1%), women buy to leisure 75(34.3%), to physical training 5(2.3%), etc 3(1.3%). 3. The satisfied degrees of consumers is that man(3.82±0.7) is more than woman(2.86±0.7). 4. The determinant factors in purchasing is that woman is higher than, man in price, color, quality and design. But man is higher than woman in brand. 5. In improve method of sports and leisure goods, they answered in quality 113(51.6%), in design 66(30.2%), in price 16(7.3%), in brand 14(6.46%), in color 4(1.8%), etc 6(2.7%). 6. Information resources have mass media 52(23.7%), follow or friends 36(16.4%), show window or seller 21(9.6%). 7. The determinant factors of purchasing goods is 128(58.4%) in quality, 47(21.5%) in design, 37(16.9%) in color, 7(3.2%) in brand.

은 함유 활성탄소섬유의 기공특성 및 이에 의한 NO 제거에 관한 연구

박수진,김병주,Kawasaki, J. 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.5

본 연구에서는 활성탄소섬유(activated carbon fiber, ACF)의 표면에 전해도금 방법으로 은(Ag)을 도입하여 Ag가 NO 제거에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. Ag가 도입된 ACF 표면특성은 X-ray diffraction(XRD)와 scanning electron microscope(SEM)을 이용하여 관찰하였으며, N₂/77 K 등온 흡착 특성은 BET식과 Boer의 t-plot을 이용하여 확인하였고, NO 제거효율은 가스 크로마토그래프를 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험결과 도금 시간이 증가함에 따라 ACF 표면의 Ag의 양은 점차 증가하였으나, ACF의 흡착 특성인 비표면적, 기공부피 등의 기공구조는 조금씩 감소하는 경향을 보였다. NO 제거효율 또한 초기에는 도입된 Ag의 양에 따라 증가하다가, 일정 도금량 이후에는 반대로 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 ACF 표면에 도입된 Ag이 NO 제거에 도움을 주지만 그 양이 증가됨에 따라 ACF의 기공을 막아 ACF의 NO 흡착특성을 감소시키기 때문으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 Ag가 도입된 ACF의 NO 제거반응은 Ag의 양과 ACF의 흡착특성에 의해 결정된다고 판단된다. In this study, the activated carbon fiber (ACF), on which Ag had been introduced by an electroplating technique, was used to remove NO. Surface properties of the ACF were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). N₂ adsorption isotherms at 77 K were investigated by BET and 1-plot methods to characterize specific surface areas and pore volumes, and NO removal efficiency was confirmed by gas chromatographic technique. As experimental results, Ag content on the ACF increased with plating time. However, adsorption pmpenies such as BET specific surface area and total pore volume were somewhat deneased in the presence of silver. NO removal efficiency of dl Ag-ACF was higher than that with untreated ACF and increased with Ag content. However, decrease in the extent of NO removal was show in the excessively plated ACE which might be associated with the blocking of micropores in the carbon: therefore, an optimal Ag content exits in the presence of initially-well-developed micropores to lead increase in efficient NO removal ability of the ACF.

문화학습을 통한 영어능력향상 방안 : 정의적 의사소통능력을 중심으로

박병주,김재명,조홍섭 忠州大學校 2003 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.38 No.1

This paper aims to explore the relationship between English literature and language teaching. It is often said that teaching English literature does not have a great influence on improving English skills. It is mainly because teachers concentrate on analysing literary works in terms of literary theory and translating English text into Korean. According to recent research, literature is suitable for student-centered education. It is also suitable for a whole language approach, by which four language skills can be developed at the same time. Given that the affective side of language learning contributes in a significant way to enriching learners' language learning, we would like to propose the need for integrating a humanistic approach in this paper. This paper shows that teaching literature based ON AFFECTIVE SIDE OF LEARNER is characterized by cooperative and interactional activities in their relation to such factors as self-esteem, autonomy, and motivation. This paper suggests a paradigmatic shift from traditional approach to affective approach through English literature which emphasizes process, self-esteem, social skills, cooperative learning, dynamic curriculum, intrinsic motivation, meaning based activities. It is important to select a suitable text for increasing a learner's spontaneous pleasure in reading. Literary works written by major authors but not difficult for language learners are recommended in that they satisfy the need of both the course and the learners.

대학광고가 수험생의 의사결정과정에 미치는 영향 : 체육관련학과 지원자를 중심으로 Focusing on Applicants to Physical Exercises Majors

박병주 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

Transforming from passive recruiting strategies to active strategies is an urgent situation faced by home universities in order for colleges to take a part in competing with others for their survival and growth. Active strategies involve recruiting applicants instead of expecting them to come to their university, which is just passive. The strategies should target university ideologies, internal/external images, internal/external activities, and the cooperation with other universities. A survey study was administered to 321 students (205 male and 116 female) in N, K1, K2, J, and P high schools in Pusan who were taking physical exercises as a curricular subject and were also registered for extracurricular classes in preparation of an entrance exam. This survey was expected to help us take an advantage of a given economic situation and work out strategies of university advertisement that would lead to an effective recruiting of applicants. The analyses of how the advertisement for the college influences applicants on their decision making are presented below: 1. Most students revealed their positive responses to university advertisement and the plenty of university information is available to them through internet and university publicity pamphlets. 2. The channels through which applicants obtain university information are listed from the most prevalent to the least prevalent: self, friends, parents, and school teachers. The publicity information that applicants wish to obtain was the most about scholarship foundations, followed by facilities, and the least for graduates. The interest that applicants had was the most for scholarship fund, followed by the percentage of employment, and the least for university tradition. 3. Applicants' dissatisfaction was greatest for the lack of detailed and practical information, followed by irresponsible responses to Q&A, and the least for no responses at all. 4. The content of college publicity hardly satisfied the students, however college publicity was considered to have a significant impact on the images of a university and individual programs in the college. 5. Applicants' decision making through college advertisement showed a positive correlation with university environment(e.g., facilities, locations, scholarship, tradition, academic atmosphere, perspectives, possibilities of future growth, polity, and publicity) and social environment (e.g., college ranking, alumni, graduates, the percentage of employment, support from the university and the program, and enrollment fee).

전통무예의 내재적 가치

박병주 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The goal of martial arts is to experience the meaning of life to change human. Training of martial arts requires total immersion of mind. Through the training of martial arts, we can cultivate strong power of concentration demanding mental concentration, patience to overcome the limit of physical strength, self-control to conquer himself, and courage to overcome fear over opponent. Therefore, it is valuable to cherish the great meaning and intrinsic value of traditional martial arts.

공초점레이저주사현미경을 이용한 심미수복재와 상아질의 접착계면에 관한 연구

박병철,조영곤,문주훈 대한치과보존학회 2000 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the interfacial morphology between dentin and restorative materials. In this in vitro study. the cavity wall reiterated with 3 different kinds of tooth colored restorative materials [resin-modified Glass monomer cement (Fuji Ⅱ LC) , composite resin (Z-100) , composer (Dyract)] . The thirty extracted human molar teeth without caries and/or restorations are used. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into three groups of ten teeth each. In each group, Wedge shaped cavities (width: 3mm. length: 2mm, depth: 1.5mm) were prepared at the cementoenamel junction on buccal and lingual surfaces. The adhesive of composite resin were mixed with rhodamine B. Primer of composite resin, Prime & Bond 2.1 of Dyract and liquid of Fuji Ⅱ LC were mixed with fluorescein. In group 1, the cavity wall was treatment with dentin conditioner, and then reiterated with Fuji Ⅱ LC. In group 2, the cavity wall was treatment with Prime & Bond 2.1 and then reiterated with Dyract. In group 3, the cavity wall was etching with 10% maleic acid, applied with primer and bonding agent and then reiterated with Z-100. The interface between dentin and restorative materials was observed by fluoresence imaging with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The results were as follows : 1.In Glass ionomer group, adaptation of resin modified Glass-ionomer restoration against cavity wall is tight, but the crack formed inside of restoration were observed. 2.In Dyract group, the penetration of resin tag is shorter and the width of hybrid layer is narrower than composite resin group. 3.In Z-100 group, primer penetrated deeply through dentinal tubule, Also bonding agent was penetrated along the primer, but the penetration length is shoater than primer part, and in 3-D image. the resin tag is conical shape and lateral branch is observed.

Sports Brand Identity

박병주,김성희 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

Brand is the very important factor in the purchase decision of customers, As brand becomes important more and more in the Company value, the Ixand control is imperative. Nowadays, sport is so popular that ordinary people, not few privileged people, can enjoy it in daily life. Thus, the sport goods are considered as the essential to daily life. Sport brand should be symbolic Dr the properties or the goods. The brand must be modern and able to deliver Freshness. It must be enjoyable to read and easy to pronounce, recognize, and remember. It also must be original and can be expressed in various languages. The brand strategy, therefore, should be developed to earn the satisfactory response of consumers.

광중합형 구치부 수복재료의 중합수축량과 중합수축력

박성호,이순영,조용식,김수선,이창재,김영주,이봉희,이광성,노병덕 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.4

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and amount of linear shrinkage of composites and compomers for posterior restoration. For this purpose, linear polymerization shrinkage and polymerization stress were measured. For linear polymerization shrinkage and polymerization stress measurement, custom made Linometer (R&B, Daejon, Korea) and Stress measuring machine was used (R&B, Daejon, Korea). Compositers and compomers were evaluated; Dyract AP (Dentsply Detrey, Gumbh, German) Z100 (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, USA) Pyramid (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) Synergy Compact (Coltene, Altstatten, Switzerland), Heliomolar (Vivadent/Ivoclar, Liechtenstein), and Compoglass (Vivadent Ivoclar/Liechtenstein) were used. 15 measurements were made for each material. Linear polymerization shrinkage or polymerization stress for each material was compared with one way ANOVA with Tukey at 95% levels of confidence. For linear shrinkage ; Heliomolar, Surefil<Synergy Compact, Z100<Dyract AP<Pyramid, Compoglass F (p<0.05) For Shrinkage stress ; Heliomolar < Z100, Pyramid<Synergy Compact, Compoglass F<Dyract AP<Heliomolar HB, Surefil (p<0.05)

의미의 닫힘에 저항하기:『백년동안의 고독』

朴炳珠 忠州大學校 1995 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.30 No.1

It is often said that this novel has provided a model for the direction of postmodern fiction. thus, this paper aims to show how this novel shares postmodern concerns. This novel as a political text can be read as a cirtique of subjectivity and of representation. This novel os a story about the solitude of a family. They suffer from various forms of solitude because of their basic inability to love. But Marquez shows poetic and fantastic transformation of empirical experience. It blurs the boundaries between what is magic and what is real. Thus it calls into question the accepted definition. In this novel this blurring takes the form of lack of distinction between the living and the dead. So, the reliance on a mimetic language to contain 'reality' is undermined. It is about those threads that we trace, and trace, and trace. But not to a conclusion. It is resisting closure of meaning. Although this novel is anti-realist fiction, it manages to reconnect readers with the world around them. Therefore, the novel reminds us the other great tradition.