직설법적 조건문에 대한 추론주의 설명과 양은석 교수의 비판

이병덕(Byeong Deok Lee) 한국분석철학회 2015 철학적 분석 Vol.0 No.33

“직설법적 조건문에 대한 추론주의 설명”(2008)을 출판한 이후 필자는 여러 논문들을 통해 필자의 제안을 옹호해 왔다. 이 같은 노력에도 불구하고 양은석은 “전건 긍정식과 직설법적 조건문”(2013)과 “연관 함의와 직설법적 조건문에 대한 추론주의적 설명”(2014)에서 필자의 옹호가 여전히 성공적이지 않다고 비판한다. 필자의 추론주의 설명이 이 같은 비판에 여전히 직면한다는 사실은 어떤 이유에서든 그간의 설명이 불충분했음을 보여준다. 양은석의 비판들은 대부분 필자의 추론주의 설명에 대한 이해가 부족한 탓에 기인하지만, 부분적으로는 필자의 설명에 오해의 소지가 있었기 때문이다. 따라서 이 논문에서 필자는 필자의 제안이 직설법적 조건문을 이해하는 옳은 방향의 설명임을 다시 한 번 주장하기 위해, 양은석의 날선 비판들이 필자의 견해에 왜 위협이 되지 않는지를 설명하고, 또한 일부 오해의 소지가 있었던 필자의 이전 표현방식을 수정한다. Ever since I published “An Inferentialist Account of Indicative Conditionals”(2008), I have defended my account against various objections. Despite these efforts, Eunsuk Yang argues that my defenses are still unsuccessful in his two papers “Modus Ponens and Indicative Conditionals”(2013) and “Relevant Implications and Lee’s Inferential Account of Indicative Conditionals”(2014). The fact that my account is still subject to these strong criticisms indicates that my previous defenses are somehow insufficient. Most of Yang’s criticisms are based on his inadequate understanding of my inferentialist account. Nonetheless, I admit that at least some of his criticisms are partly due to the fact that some of my explanations are misleading or insufficient. Thus, in this paper, in order to defend again that my account is on the right track to understanding indicative conditionals, I explain why Yang’s sharp-edged objections do not pose a serious problem for my account, and I also rectify my previous misleading explanations.

휠체어 검도 경기를 위한 경기규정에 관한 연구

김영학,공병덕,이병기 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2002 武道硏究所誌 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study was to build revised game rules for wheelchair Kumdo for the physically challenged confined to wheelchair, after teaching 10 people how to play Wheelchair Kumdo. It's ultimately intended to determine whether or not the revised game regulations were appropriate and workable and ultimately to promote Wheelchair Kumdo. There Kumdo trainees of the 4th, 5th and 6th grades respectively and three physically different people were coached to draft game rules in three phases, and they were finalized through an advice of a specialist. And then five disabled Kumdo trainees, who included three of the 3rd grade and two of the 2nd grade, learned the regulations for a month to find out their adequacy. As a result of interviewing them and analysing the collected data, the following findings were given: First, the stadium should have a flat floor, by using proper materials such as wood or concrete, to guarantee the smooth operation of wheelchair. It should be in a square form and 11 meter or higher in length. The starting lines should bo marked 'T' on both sides from the central line, and the upper parts of the marks should face each other. There should be 1.7m distance between the central and starting lines and 2 meter or higher extra spaces in the external sides. Second, the bamboo sword should be redesigned to be 114cm in length and 370g in weight to fit in wheelchair Kumdo. Third, among Kumdo equipment, Homyun(護面, Headgear), part of HoKu(Protection-equipment, 護具), should be made of lighter materials, thicker in the head part, and easy to wear. Gab(甲, Chest-guard) should have a sort of shock absorber in it, and a remodeled Hoku that has no wings on both sides should be used. To prevent wheelchair from shock and ensure its safety, a Quickie All Court model should be selected, and each contestant should wear a suit of different color that has his or her name on the shoulder portion. Fourth, each game should run four minutes, constituted by two periods, and a break time should be given. The judgment should be made without no extra time, and a contestant who hits one of the due points ahead of the other should be a winner. Fifth, as for Yuhyo-Geokja(有效擊刺, Point), action against the head, wrist or waist should be considered Geokja(擊刺, Strike), and one against the chest part should be regarded as Jabu(刺部, Stab). Based on the above-mentioned findings, there are some suggestions about wheelchair Kumdo games: First, as games could be held out in the field, outdoor programs should be attempted. Second, every game is divided into the first and second periods, and coaches need to develop programs suitable for the two-part competition to give better guidance. Third, general Kumdo equipment isn't suitable for wheelchair Kumdo, and a lot of research efforts should urgently be dedicated to developing separate equipment for that.

Reliabilism and First- and Second-Order Skepticism

Byeong Deok Lee 한국분석철학회 2016 철학적 분석 Vol.0 No.35

One reliabilist option against the problem of bootstrapping is to argue that circular reasoning is bad, but reliabilism can avoid circular reasoning. Vogel dismisses this option on the grounds that reliabilists need circular reasoning in order to circumvent skepticism. Briesen argues, however, that although reliabilists need circular reasoning to block second-order skepticism, they do not need it to block first-order skepticism. But I argue in this paper that reliabilists cannot legitimately reject first-order skepticism unless they can block second-order skepticism. In particular, I argue that reliabilists cannot meet the non-undermining provision for justification unless they can somehow block second-order skepticism.

Competitive Adsorption and Subsequent Desorption of Sulfate in the Presence of Various Anions in Soils

Byeong-Deok Hong,Kyo-seok Lee,Dong-Sung Lee,Ja-Hyun Rhie,Hui-Su Bae,IL-Hwan Seo,Seung-Geun Song,Doug-Young Chung 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.5

In this experiment we investigated the influence of various anions including oxalic acid encountered as solution phase in soil on the adsorption and desorption of sulfate in Chungwon Bt soil. The effect of chloride and nitrate on the adsorption of sulfate was not significant, suggesting that sulfate was better able to compete for adsorption sites at concentrations studied, in contrast to the large reduction in the amount of chloride adsorbed in the presence of sulfate. The results of competition for sorption sites between sulfate and anion showed that the simultaneous presence of two anions in solution was effective in reduction of competing anion at a maximum value of adsorption, due to the similar adsorption mechanism for anion competition. Therefore, the variation in the buffer power of the acids will produce a change in the strength and amount of adsorption and the competitive ability.

Evidence of convergent adaptation by insecticide selection pressures in rice migratory pests, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, in Korea

Deok Ho Kwon,In Hong Jeong,Su Jeong Min,Si Woo Lee,Byeong-Ryul Choi,Junran Kim,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

Both Nilaparvata lugens Stål and Laodelphax striatellus Fallén has been known as the major rice pests which were irregularly migrated into Korea by wind current from China. We re-arranged and compared the resistance profiles to detect the existence convergent adaptation by using the previously published dataset (N. lugens at 2014, 17:711-716 and L. Striatellus at 2016, 19:247-252 in J. Asia Pac. Entomol., respectively). Both species commonly exhibited the high level of resistance to imidacloprids. Especially, the immigrant populations of L. Striatellus exhibited higher resistance level to indigenous populations, suggesting that they would settle down in Korea with insecticide resistance traits being predisposed. To detect the convergent adaptation to insecticide, pearson correlation analysis were employed by comparing mean dosage of LD50 and resistance ratio to nine insecticides. Strikingly, high and similar dosage responses were observed between the two species with high correlation coefficients of 0.928 (df=7, P <0.001) and 0.950 (df=7, P <0.001), respectively, in the comparison of LD50 vs. resistance ratio. This finding indicates that convergent adaption has occurred in both species through consistent selection by insecticides with similar usage patterns.

Penrose and his Godelian argument

(Byeong Deok Lee) 한국철학회 1999 Philosophy and Culture Vol.1 No.1

Fluoride in soil and plant

Byeong-Deok Hong,Ri-Na Joo,Kyo-Suk Lee,Dong-Sung Lee,Ja-Hyun Rhie,Se-won Min,Seung-Geun Song,Doug-Young Chung 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2016 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.43 No.4

Chapter 10 : On Davidson's Semantic Anti-sceptical Argument

Byeong Deok Lee 한국철학회 2008 Philosophy and Culture Vol.3 No.-

Precipitate Prediction Model of Mg-xAl(x=3,6,9) Alloys

Byeong Deok Lee,Eun Jeong Kim,Ui Hyun Baek,한정환 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.2

A model was developed to predict the precipitation of Mg17Al12 in Mg-(3,6,9)wt%Al alloys. The phase equilibrium of the Mg-Al alloy system was calculated in detail by utilizing a phase diagram calculation commercial package and other thermodynamic data for Mg alloys. The precipitation kinetics of Al in Mg-(3,6,9)wt%Al alloys after different thermal treatments were studied by measuring electrical resistivity and hardness. The results obtained were explained by a model based on a simple nucleation and growth model and were compared with the measured precipitates volume fraction. And, the experimental results agreed on the thermodynamic data with the conditions of 12 hr for Mg-3Al, 30 min for Mg-6Al, 15 min for Mg-9Al alloys. Therefore, the model was applied to predict the effects of the precipitation of Mg17Al12.

실천추론에 의한 귀납의 정당화

이병덕 ( Byeong Deok Lee ) 한국논리학회 2009 論理硏究 Vol.12 No.2