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Assessing the Limits of Agricultural Situation for the Food Security in North Korea
Ja-Hyun Rhie,Kyo-Suk Lee,Il-Hwan Seo,Se-Won Min,Doug-Young Chung 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4
The food situation in North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, DPRK) has been in difficulty situation because of a shortage of energy, and of raw materials such as fertilizer and agricultural chemicals. The international agricultural aid programs can alleviate some difficulties in the agricultural areas, but the policies and measures in North Korea can not help difficulties in the agriculture due to the institutional obstacles enforced by DPRK. The arable area of DPRK is approximately 20,000 ㎢, of which 14,000 ㎢ is well for cereal cultivation. Fertilizer supplies in recent years between 700,000 and 750,000 tons annually were less than 50% of the normal requirement. Also, North Korea strongly needed to inject phosphorus fertilizer and lime to increase the fertility. Soil degradation in DPRK was characterized by physical and chemical changes caused by rapid loss of clay particles and organic matter. Intensive ploughing and tilling to grow crops may lead to massive soil degradation and declining yields. Although farmers in the DPRK have faced numerous challenges, not least of which are soil erosion, scarce inputs and extreme weather like drought, flooding and cold spells. Therefore farmers should be encouraged to adopt more environmentally soundcropping practices, to access quality seeds and planting materials and to reduce losses after the harvest.
Assessing the Limits of Agricultural Situation for the Food Security in North Korea
Rhie, Ja-Hyun,Lee, Kyo-Suk,Seo, Il-Hwan,Min, Se-Won,Chung, Doug-Young Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4
The food situation in North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK) has been in difficulty situation because of a shortage of energy, and of raw materials such as fertilizer and agricultural chemicals. The international agricultural aid programs can alleviate some difficulties in the agricultural areas, but the policies and measures in North Korea can not help difficulties in the agriculture due to the institutional obstacles enforced by DPRK. The arable area of DPRK is approximately $20,000km^2$, of which $14,000km^2$ is well for cereal cultivation. Fertilizer supplies in recent years between 700,000 and 750,000 tons annually were less than 50% of the normal requirement. Also, North Korea strongly needed to inject phosphorus fertilizer and lime to increase the fertility. Soil degradation in DPRK was characterized by physical and chemical changes caused by rapid loss of clay particles and organic matter. Intensive ploughing and tilling to grow crops may lead to massive soil degradation and declining yields. Although farmers in the DPRK have faced numerous challenges, not least of which are soil erosion, scarce inputs and extreme weather like drought, flooding and cold spells. Therefore farmers should be encouraged to adopt more environmentally sound cropping practices, to access quality seeds and planting materials and to reduce losses after the harvest.
Lee, Hyun Gyu,Cho, Nam-chul,Jeong, Ae Jin,Li, Yu-Chen,Rhie, Sung-Ja,Choi, Jung Sook,Lee, Kwang-Ho,Kim, Youngsoo,Kim, Yong-Nyun,Kim, Myoung-Hwan,Pae, Ae Nim,Ye, Sang-Kyu,Kim, Byung-Hak Elsevier 2016 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.136 No.1
<P>T-cell-mediated immune responses play an important role in body protection. However, aberrantly activated immune responses are responsible for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The regulation of pathologic immune responses may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these diseases. Despite that multiple pharmacologic properties of benzoxathiole derivatives have been defined, the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties remain to be clarified. Here, we demonstrated the benzoxathiole derivative 2-cyclohexylimino-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[1,3]oxathiol-4-one (BOT-4-one) regulated immune responses and ameliorated experimentally induced inflammatory skin diseases both in vitro and in vivo. BOT-4-one inhibited the differentiation of CD4(+) T-cell subsets by regulating the expression and production of T-cell lineage-specific master transcription factors and cytokines and activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins. In addition, BOT-4-one inhibited TCR-mediated Akt and NF-kappa B signaling. Topical application of BOT-4-one ameliorated experimentally induced inflammatory skin diseases in mice models such as 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene-induced contact and atopic dermatitis and IL-23-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Our study demonstrated that BOT-4-one ameliorates inflammatory skin diseases by suppressing the pathogenic CD4(+) T cell differentiation and overall immune responses.</P>
Instructor factors associated with medical students’ lecture evaluation: a longitudinal analysis
Jeongbae Rhie,Yoo-Mi Chae,Seok Gun Park,Jae-hyun Kim,Hong Ja Kim 한국의학교육학회 2023 Korean journal of medical education Vol.35 No.2
Purpose: This study identified factors that affect lecture evaluation by analyzing sophomores from Dankook University, examining each cluster’s characteristics, and comparing differences among trajectories. Methods: This study identified factors that affect lecture evaluation by analyzing sophomores from Dankook University, examining each cluster’s characteristics, and comparing differences among trajectories. Results: The lecture evaluation score decreased as the teaching hours per instructor in a year increased by an hour, and the number of instructors per lecture increased by one individual. During trajectory analysis, the first trajectory had lower lecture evaluation scores overall but relatively high appropriateness of the textbook and punctuality of class, whereas the second trajectory had higher lecture evaluation scores overall for all four items. Conclusion: The two trajectories showed differences in teaching methods (understanding of lecture content and usefulness of the lecture) rather than in external factors (appropriateness of the textbook and punctuality of class). Therefore, to improve lecture satisfaction, enhancing instructors’ instructional competencies through lectures and adjusting the teaching hours by assigning an adequate number of instructors per lecture are recommended.
Seo, Il-Hwan,Lee, Kyo-Suk,Rhie, Ja-Hyun,Min, Se-Won,Chung, Doug-Young 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5
A more efficient use of nutrients from organic sources can benefit both farmers and water quality in agriculture. In this paper we reviewed information related to the regulations and guidelines of a swine liquid fertilizer to propose an establishment scheme for the official standards of swine manure slurry as a liquid fertilizer for organic farming. According to the law of establishment and designation of official standard of fertilizers, the liquid fertilizer made with pig liquid manure belongs to the byproduct fertilizer as of one of organic fertilizer. However, the official standards for byproduct fertilizers including the liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised to meet the goals of laws pursuing the environmentally sound agriculture, especially for organic farming because the terms and relevant standards need additional specific standards alike the standards such as impurities and parameter for declaration in EU. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizers should be revised with respect to nutrient, salt content as of SAR and Na content instead of NaCl. Also we need to develop the maximum limit of heavy metals in soil to which the liquid fertilizer can be applied, as well as application rate depending on EC of the liquid fertilizer.
Il-Hwan Seo,Kyo-Suk Lee,Ja-Hyun Rhie,Se-Won Min,Doug-Young Chung 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5
A more efficient use of nutrients from organic sources can benefit both farmers and water quality in agriculture. In this paper we reviewed information related to the regulations and guidelines of a swine liquid fertilizer to propose an establishment scheme for the official standards of swine manure slurry as a liquid fertilizer for organic farming. According to the law of establishment and designation of official standard of fertilizers, the liquid fertilizer made with pig liquid manure belongs to the byproduct fertilizer as of one of organic fertilizer. However, the official standards for byproduct fertilizers including the liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised to meet the goals of laws pursuing the environmentally sound agriculture, especially for organic farming because the terms and relevant standards need additional specific standards alike the standards such as impurities and parameter for declaration in EU. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizers should be revised with respect to nutrient, salt content as of SAR and Na content instead of NaCl. Also we need to develop the maximum limit of heavy metals in soil to which the liquid fertilizer can be applied, as well as application rate depending on EC of the liquid fertilizer.
Seung-Geun Song,Kyo-seok Lee,Dong-Sung Lee,Ja-Hyun Rhie,Byeong-Deok Hong,Hui-Su Bae,Il-Hwan Seo,Doug-Young Chung 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.5
To identify causes for drastic decrease in yield of tomato with repeated culturing number of the bag culture substrate of greenhouse tomatoes we investigated the physical and chemical properties of a coir used as the bag culture substrate to grow tomato at the Booyeo tomato experimental institute located in Booyeo, Chungnam Province for three years from 2012 to 2014. The results showed that total porosity ranged from 65.4 to 73.1% for the bulk densities of coir ranging from 0.12 to 0.14 g cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. The volumetric water contents measured at 0.01 bar as air entry point were 25% (before), 33% (1<SUP>st</SUP> yr), 45% (2<SUP>nd</SUP> yr), and 37% (3<SUP>rd</SUP> yr). Organic matter contents ranged from 82.0 to 96.2% (highest in 1<SUP>st</SUP> yr). pH and EC ranged from 4.47 to 6.47 (highest in 2<SUP>nd</SUP> yr), and from 22.2 to 53.5 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP> (highest in 1<SUP>st</SUP> yr) and cation exchange capacity ranged from 71.0 to 191.7 cmol kg<SUP>-1</SUP>(highest in 3<SUP>rd</SUP> yr). The surface structure observed with electrical microscope showed that the number of large pores decreased with increasing cultivating time while the proportion of smaller pores increased, indicating that the coir was consistently decomposed. Therefore, we could conclude that these changes of all physical and chemical properties of the coir may influence the holding capacities of water and nutrients, resulting in deterioration of quality of culture substrate of greenhouse tomatoes.