West meets East: How do rainforest beetles become circum-Pacific? Evolutionary origin of <i>Callipogon relictus</i> and allied species (Cerambycidae: Prioninae) in the New and Old Worlds

Kim, Sangil,de Medeiros, Bruno A.S.,Byun, Bong-Kyu,Lee, Seunghwan,Kang, Jung-Hoon,Lee, Bongwoo,Farrell, Brian D. Elsevier 2018 Molecular phylogenetics and evolution Vol.125 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The longhorn beetle genus <I>Callipogon</I> Audinet-Serville represents a small group of large wood-boring beetles whose distribution pattern exhibits a unique trans-Pacific disjunction between the East Asian temperate rainforest and the tropical rainforest of the Neotropics. To understand the biogeographic history underlying this circum-Pacific disjunct distribution, we reconstructed a molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Prioninae with extensive sampling of <I>Callipogon</I> using multilocus sequence data of 99 prionine and four parandrine samples (ingroups), together with two distant outgroup species. Our sampling of <I>Callipogon</I> includes 18 of the 24 currently accepted species, with complete representation of all species in our focal subgenera. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed the purported affinity between the Palearctic <I>Callipogon relictus</I> and its Neotropical congeners. Furthermore, based on molecular dating under the fossilized birth–death (FBD) model with comprehensive fossil records and probabilistic ancestral range reconstructions, we estimated the crown group <I>Callipogon</I> to have originated in the Paleocene circa 60 million years ago (Ma) across the Neotropics and Eastern Palearctics. The divergence between the Palearctic <I>C. relictus</I> and its Neotropical congeners is explained as the result of a vicariance event following the demise of boreotropical forest across Beringia at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. As <I>C. relictus</I> represents the unique relictual species that evidentiates the lineage’s expansive ancient distribution, we evaluated its conservation importance through species distribution modelling. Though we estimated a range expansion for <I>C. relictus</I> by 2050, we emphasize a careful implementation of conservation programs towards the protection of primary forest across its current habitats, as the species remains highly vulnerable to habitat disturbance.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The first molecular phylogeny of world prionine longhorn beetles is presented. </LI> <LI> Wide ancient distribution of stem lineage <I>Callipogon relictus</I> is revealed. </LI> <LI> Systematic affinity between <I>C. relictus</I> and Neotropical congeners is confirmed. </LI> <LI> Climate-mediated Beringian vicariance explains the current disjunct distribution. </LI> <LI> Conservation importance of <I>C. relictus</I> is evaluated through distribution modelling. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Disrupted Modular Architecture of Cerebellum in Schizophrenia: A Graph Theoretic Analysis

Kim, Dae-Jin,Kent, Jerillyn S.,Bolbecker, Amanda R.,Sporns, Olaf,Cheng, Hu,Newman, Sharlene D.,Puce, Aina,O’Donnell, Brian F.,Hetrick, William P. Oxford University Press 2014 Schizophrenia bulletin Vol.40 No.6

<P>Recent studies of schizophrenia have revealed cognitive and memory deficits that are accompanied by disruptions of neuronal connectivity in cortical and subcortical brain regions. More recently, alterations of topological organization of structural networks in schizophrenia are also being identified using graph theoretical analysis. However, the role of the cerebellum in this network structure remains largely unknown. In this study, global network measures obtained from diffusion tensor imaging were computed in the cerebella of 25 patients with schizophrenia and 36 healthy volunteers. While cerebellar global network characteristics were slightly altered in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls, the patients showed a retained small-world network organization. The modular architecture, however, was changed mainly in crus II. Furthermore, schizophrenia patients had reduced correlations between modularity and microstructural integrity, as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) in lobules I–IV and X. Finally, FA alterations were significantly correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale symptom scores in schizophrenia patients. Taken together, our data suggest that schizophrenia patients have altered network architecture in the cerebellum with reduced local microstructural connectivity and that cerebellar structural abnormalities are associated symptoms of the disorder.</P>

Negative and Positive Anisotropic Thermal Expansions in a Hexagonally Packed Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystal Thin Film

Kim, Hyo-Sik,Choi, Sung-Min,Pate, Brian D.,Kang, Shin-Hyun,Sim, Jun-Bo,Lee, Jun-Ki American Chemical Society 2015 Chemistry of materials Vol.27 No.9

<P>The negative thermal expansion showing contraction of unit cell dimensions on heating is an unusual phenomenon which is rarely observed in organic materials. Here we report that a highly aligned hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline phase of discotic liquid crystal, cobalt octakis(<I>n</I>-decylthio)porphyrazine (CoS10), in thin films shows negative thermal expansion in the transverse plane and positive thermal expansion along the column axis. This exceptional thermal expansion behavior of CoS10 at the hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline phase was understood as the synergetic effect of the increased vibrational motion of <I>n</I>-alkyl side chains perpendicular to the chain axes and the increased tilting of the cores with temperature.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2015/cmatex.2015.27.issue-9/acs.chemmater.5b00720/production/images/medium/cm-2015-007204_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm5b00720'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Effect of Film Thickness on the Columnar Packing Structures of Discotic Supramolecules in Thin Films

Kim, Hyo-Sik,Choi, Sung-Min,Pate, Brian D.,Park, Po Gyu WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 CHEMPHYSCHEM -WEINHEIM- Vol.10 No.15

<P>The effects of film thickness on the columnar packing structure of discotic supramolecules in a thin supported film have been investigated by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering technique using magnetically aligned cobalt octa(n-decylthio)porphyrazine (CoS10) films on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-functionalized substrates as model systems. Magnetically aligned CoS10 films with a range of film thicknesses (49–845 nm) form uniaxially oriented ‘edge-on’ columnar superstructures with their columnar directors perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. However, the orientational ordering of the columnar packing in the plane perpendicular to the applied magnetic field is strongly dependent on the film thickness. While being damped by the elasticity of the side chains of CoS10, the strong interfacial interaction at the film-substrate interface propagates up to 50–100 nm from the substrate, maintaining the orientation of columnar packing in the plane perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. When the distance from the film-substrate interface becomes larger than about 100 nm, symmetric tilting of columnar layer orientation, which saturates at 11.5°, occurs due to longitudinal edge dislocations induced by accumulated elastic deformation.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Tilted alignment: Thin films (<100 nm) composed of uniaxially aligned columnar layers of a discotic mesogen on octadecyltrichlorosilane-functionalized solid substrates show undistorted two-dimensional columnar rectangular structures (see figure). In thicker films, symmetric tilting of the columnar layer orientation occurs as a result of longitudinal edge dislocations induced by accumulated elastic deformation. <img src='wiley_img/14394235-2009-10-15-CPHC200900464-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14394235-2009-10-15-CPHC200900464-content'> </P>

IPv6기반 헤더 압축 에러 복구 기법의 성능분석

신병철,백봉,김민영,홍고르출 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2006 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.14 No.1

헤더 압축 기술은 기존의 일반적인 패킷 데이터의 비효율적인 오버 헤드를 줄이기 위한 방안으로 제안되었다. 특히 음성과 같은 실시간 미디어 스트림 경우에는 더욱 큰 오버헤드율을 보이게 되는데, 헤더 압축을 통해 보다 높은 대역폭 효율을 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 PHR (Periodic Header Refresh) 방법과 HR (Header Request) 방법의 두가지 에러복구 기법에 관하여 각각 성능 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과로 Overhead Rate, Bandwidth Gain, 그리고 Bandwidth Efficiency 등의 분석결과가 제시되었다. Header Compression Scheme is suggested as a solution to reduce the inefficient overhead of general packet stream data. Especially, it is shown that there are more overhead rate for real media stream links such as voice because of its short payload size, and it is possible to get higher bandwidth efficiency using the header compression scheme. There are two kinds of error recovery in header compression such as Periodic Header Refresh (PHR) and Header Request (HR) schemes. In this paper, we analyze the performance of these two compression recovery schemes, and some results such as the overhead rate, bandwidth gain and bandwidth efficiency (BE) are presented.

Strategy, Demand, Management, and Costs of an International Cholera Vaccine Stockpile

Maskery, Brian,DeRoeck, Denise,Levin, Ann,Kim, Young Eun,Wierzba, Thomas F.,Clemens, John D. Oxford University Press 2013 The Journal of infectious diseases Vol.208 No.suppl1

<P>In this article, we review the feasibility of mass vaccination against cholera and estimate the global population at risk for epidemic cholera. We then examine the cost of establishing and managing a cholera vaccine stockpile and summarize published mathematical models of the estimated impact of reactive vaccination campaigns developed for the current Haitian outbreak and a recent outbreak in Zimbabwe. On the basis of these evaluations, we recommend a stockpile that starts at 2 million doses, with an estimated annual cost of $5.5–$13.9 million in 2013, and grows to 10 million doses per year by 2017, with an annual cost of $27–$51 million. We believe that the stockpile can enhance efforts to mitigate future cholera outbreaks by guaranteeing the availability of cholera vaccines and, through use of the stockpile, by revealing knowledge about the efficient use of cholera vaccines during and after crises.</P>

Target enrichment adds values to history: DNA mining from museum specimens

Sang Il Kim,Bruno A. S. de Medeiros,Brian D. Farrell,Seunggwan Shin 한국응용곤충학회 2021 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

Crosstalk between oligodendrocytes and cerebral endothelium contributes to vascular remodeling after white matter injury

Pham, Loc‐,Duyen D.,Hayakawa, Kazuhide,Seo, Ji Hae,Nguyen, Minh‐,Nguyet,Som, Angel T.,Lee, Brian J.,Guo, Shuzhen,Kim, Kyu‐,Won,Lo, Eng H.,Arai, Ken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 GLIA Vol.60 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>After stroke and brain injury, cortical gray matter recovery involves mechanisms of neurovascular matrix remodeling. In white matter, however, the mechanisms of recovery remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that oligodendrocytes secrete matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), which accelerates the angiogenic response after white matter injury. In primary oligodendrocyte cultures, treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) induced an upregulation and secretion of MMP‐9. Conditioned media from IL‐1β‐stimulated oligodendrocytes significantly amplified matrigel tube formation in brain endothelial cells, indicating that MMP‐9 from oligodendrocytes can promote angiogenesis <I>in vitro</I>. Next, we asked whether similar signals and substrates operate after white matter injury <I>in vivo</I>. Focal white matter injury and demyelination was induced in mice via stereotactic injection of lysophosphatidylcholine into corpus callosum. Western blot analysis showed that IL‐1β expression was increased in damaged white matter. Immunostaining demonstrated MMP‐9 signals in myelin‐associated oligodendrocytic basic protein‐positive oligodendrocytes. Treatment with an IL‐1β‐neutralizing antibody suppressed the MMP‐9 response in oligodendrocytes. Finally, we confirmed that the broad spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 inhibited angiogenesis around the injury area in this white matter injury model. In gray matter, a neurovascular niche promotes cortical recovery after brain injury. Our study suggests that an analogous oligovascular niche may mediate recovery in white matter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>

Strengthening of Nanosized bcc Cu Precipitate in bcc Fe: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Shim, Jae-Hyeok,Kim, Dong-Ik,Jung, Woo-Sang,Cho, Young Whan,Wirth, Brian D. The Japan Institute of Metals 2009 Materials transactions Vol.50 No.9

<P>The strengthening effect of nanosized Cu precipitates in bcc Fe has been studied by performing molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction between a screw dislocation and a coherent bcc Cu precipitate of 1–4 nm diameter in bcc Fe. The dislocation detachment mechanism changes from shear at a precipitate diameter of 4 and 2.5 nm in the twinning and anti-twinning directions, respectively, due to the coherency loss caused by the screw dislocation assisted martensitic transformation of the precipitate. The screw dislocation detachment mechanism with the larger, transformed precipitates involves annihilation-and-renucleation, or Orowan looping in the twinning vs. anti-twinning direction, respectively. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of the screw dislocation-precipitate interaction increases with increasing precipitate size, and is strongly dependent on the precipitate structure and detachment mechanism. The CRSS is much larger in the anti-twinning direction.</P>

Updated New York City Emergency Medical Services Acute Stroke Triage Protocol Reduces Interfacility Transfers and Time to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Patients

Jacob R. Morey,Brian D. Kim,Michael Redlener,Xiangnan Zhang,Naoum Fares Marayati,Stavros Matsoukas,Emily Fiano,Laura K. Stein,J Mocco,Johanna T. Fifi 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.3

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