Using brassinolide and girdling combined application as an alternative to ethephon for improving color and quality of 'Crimson Seedless' grapevines

Belal B. E. A.,El Kenawy M. A.,Omar Asmaa S. M. 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.6

The color of 'Crimson Seedless' berries is a major constraint in expanding marketing and export potential. The target of this investigation is to enhance the color and quality of 'Crimson Seedless' by using brassinolide (BL) and girdling treatments, individually and in combination, as an alternative to ethephon over two consecutive seasons. The obtained results revealed that the combined treatment BL at 2.0 mg/L and girdling recorded the highest significant yield values (17.78 ± 0.29 and 18.26 ± 0.23 kg/vine) in both seasons, respectively, in contrast to ethephon and girdling treatments which had no significant influence. Besides, BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling presented high levels of physicochemical characteristics of clusters and berries compared to the control. Concerning berry color assessment, ethepon followed by BL at 2.0 mg/L + girdling recorded the highest significant improvement in the red color, as indicated by Color Index of Red Grapes and visual assessment, and had similar and elevated levels of anthocyanin content. On the other hand, flavonoids (3.46 ± 0.03 and 3.66 ± 0.02 mg/100 g FW), and antioxidant capacity (2.37 ± 0.02 and 2.43 ± 0.06 IC 50 ) were obviously increased with BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling, with a slight decrease than ethephon application. As for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, the data show that it increased by ethephon (7.91 ± 0.02 and 8.01 ± 0.02 U mg −1 protein) and BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling (7.77 ± 0.04 and 7.79 ± 0.07 U mg −1 protein), compared to the control (3.69 ± 0.02 and 3.80 ± 0.01 U mg −1 protein) in both seasons, respectively. In terms of polyphenol oxidase activity, the increase in PPO was closely associated with PAL. Moreover, BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling was the most effective treatment for increasing dormant season parameters in both seasons, while ethephon spraying had no influence. All these confirmed that the combined treatment BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling exhibited a synergistic effect in improving the color and quality of 'Crimson Seedless'.

Fuzzy Swinging-up with Sliding Mode Control for Third Order Cart-Inverted Pendulum System

Belal A. Elsayed,Mohsen A. Hassan,Saad Mekhilef 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2015 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.13 No.1

Cart Inverted Pendulum (CIP) system is a benchmark problem in nonlinear automatic control. In this paper, two third-order differential equations were derived to create a combining model for the cart-pendulum with its DC motor dynamics. Motor voltage was considered the system input in the presented model. The friction between the cart and rail was included in the system equations through a nonlinear friction model. Fuzzy Swinging-up controller was designed to swing the pendulum to the up-right position, once reaching the upward position; Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is activated, to balance the system. In order to verify the performance of the proposed SMC, a Linear Quadratic Regulator Controller (LQRC) was suggested and compared with the proposed SMC. Simulation and experimental results have shown a significant improvement of the proposed SMC over LQRC where, the pendulum angle oscillations were decreased by 80% in the real implementation.

Using Remote Sensing and Spatial Modeling Approaches for Land Evaluation in Dry Wadis, Eastern Desert, Egypt

Belal A.A,Mohamed E.S.,Shalaby A. 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Traditional fermented foods and beverages in Iraq and their potential for large-scale commercialization

Muhialdin Belal J.,Filimonau Viachaslau,Qasem Jamal M.,Ibrahim Salam A.,Algboory Hussein L. 한국식품연구원 2022 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.9 No.-

The tradition of making fermented foods and beverages in Iraq dates back to 7500 BC. These fermented foods and beverages are represented by meat-, milk-, vegetable-, and fruit-based products reflecting diversity of agricultural production in ancient Iraq (Mesopotamia). Although the recipes for some fermented foods and beverages were lost throughout history, those remaining foods and beverages occupy a noticeable position in modern Iraqi cuisine. In this review, knowledge and techniques for preparation of 5 traditional fermented foods, i.e. Basturma , Smoked Liban, Aushari cheese, Turshi, and Sour Khobz, and 3 fermented beverages, i.e. Shanina , Sharbet Zbeeb , and Erk Sous in Iraq, are documented. Traditional fermented foods and beverages have multiple health benefits because of high content of probiotics and bioactive compounds. Traditional fermented foods and beverages are made using the back-slopping technique which ensures safety of production and maintains organoleptic properties. The review highlights the potential of fermented foods and beverages for their large-scale commercialization.

Design, Simulation and Characteristics Analysis of Wideband Metamaterial Absorber Based on Titanium

Mohammad Belal Hossain,A B M Hasan Talukder 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.9

Wide range absorption is specially needed for different microtechnological applications along with microbolometers, photodetectors and coherent thermal emitters. Here we report, design of a wideband metamaterial absorber based on Titanium (Ti) and the analysis of its absorption and reflection characteristics. The structure of the absorber consists of two titanium layers spaced by a dielectric layer of refractive index 2. The simulation is done for analyzing its characteristics using finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The results show that the absorption occurs above 90 percent in the range 750 nm to 1200 nm while the reflection occurs below 10 percent. Overall absorption over the range (400 nm to 1500 nm) is found to be almost above 80 percent.

Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Black Goat Kids Fed Sesame Hulls and Prosopis juliflora Pods

Abdullah, Abdullah Y.,Obeidat, Belal S.,Muwalla, Marwan M.,Matarneh, Sulaiman K.,Ishmais, Majdi A. Abu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.9

Finding alternative feeds, such as sesame hulls and Prosopis juliflora species can attenuate difficulties of feed shortage and reduce the cost of animal feed in arid and semi-arid countries. Thirty-two Black male kids with similar initial weights (BW = $16.7{\pm}0.80\;kg$) and $120{\pm}5\;d$ of age, were used to evaluate the effect of replacing barley grains and soybean meal with Prosopis juliflora pods (PJP) and sesame hulls (SH) on growth performance, digestibility and carcass and meat characteristics. Kids were equally divided into four dietary treatment groups for an 84-d fattening period. Treatment diets had similar crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME). The treatment groups were: (T1) no PJP nor SH, (T2) 10% PJP and 20% SH, (T3) 15% PJP and 15% SH, and (T4) 20% PJP and 10% SH. A tendency was detected (p<0.08) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intakes that were greater for T2 than T3 and T4 while T1 was not different from all other treatment groups. Ether extract (EE) intake was the greatest (p<0.05) for T2 and the lowest for T1. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake was greater (p<0.05) for T2 than T1 while T3 and T4 were intermediate. Final live weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were comparable among different treatment groups. Digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF were similar among all treatment groups, however, EE digestibility was the lowest (p<0.05) for T1 when compared to other treatments. In addition, nitrogen intake, nitrogen in urine and retained and retention percentages were similar among all treatment groups. However, N loss in feces was higher (p<0.05) for T2 than T3 and T4 while T1 was intermediate. No differences were observed among treatment groups with respect to fasting live weight, hot and cold carcass weights, dressing-out percentages, mesenteric fat, visceral organs, carcass cuts percentages and carcass linear dimensions. No differences were also observed for dissected loin, leg, rack and shoulder tissues except in the total bone % for loin cuts and in the meat to bone ratio for rack cuts. T3 has the greatest total bone % and the lowest meat to bone ratio when compared to all other treatment groups. No differences were observed between treatment groups in all quality characteristics of the longissimus muscle. The present study demonstrates the potential of using PJP and SH for growing kids without adverse effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality.