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Metallothioneins and Oxidative Stress
Beattie, John H.,Trayhurn, Paul The Korean Nutrition Society 2002 Nutritional Sciences Vol.5 No.4
The low molecular weight zinc-binding protein metallothionein(MT) contains 32% cysteine and has been shown to efficiently scavenge hydroxyl radicals in vitro. MT expression is induced by oxidative stress and an antioxidant role for this protein has therefore been proposed. This review mainly focuses on the evidence for this role arising from studies using genetically modified animals and cells which either over- or under-express MT. Despite some considerable disparity of results in the literature, reported studies do generally support an antioxidant role. Nevertheless, oxidant stress at non-physiological treatment levels has been the preferred experimental model and there is little information about the role of MT in physiological oxidative stress. Although it is presumed that the mechanism by which MT has an antioxidant effect involves oxidation of cysteinal thiols, it is possible that zinc release from MT is in itself an important signalling factor.
아연결핍된 단핵구 U937 Cell Line에 있어서의 유전자 발현 탐색 : cDNA Microarray 기법 이용
Beattie, John H.,Trayhurn, Paul 한국영양학회 2002 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.35 No.10
In post-genome period, the technique for identifying gene expression has been changed to high throughput screening. In the field of molecular nutrition, the need for this technique to clarify molecular function of the specific nutrient is essential. In this study, we have tested the zinc-regulated gene expression in zinc-deficient U937 cells, using cDNA microarray which is the cutting-edge technique to screen large numbers of gene expression simultaneously. The study result can be used for the preliminary gene screening data for clarifying, using monocyte U937 cell line, molecular Zn aspect in atherosclerosis. U937 cells were cultured in Zn-adequate (control, 12 $\mu$M Zn) or Zn-deficient (experimental, 0 $\mu$M Zn) ESMI media during 2 days, respectively. Cells were harvested and RNA was extracted. Total RNA was reverse-transcriptinized and synthesized cDNA probe labeled with Cy-3. fluorescent labeled cDNA probe was applied to microarray slide for hybridization slide, and after then, the slide was scanned using fluorescence scanner. ‘Highly expressed genes’ in Zn-deficient U937 cells, comparing to Zn-adequate group, are mainly about the genes for motility protein, immune system protein, oncogene and tumor suppressor and ‘Less highly expressed genes’ are about the genes for transcription, apoptosis associated protein, cell cycle, and several basic transcription factors. The results of this preliminary study imply the effectiveness of cDNA microarray for expression profiling of a singly nutrient deficiency, specially Zn. Furthur study, using tailored-cDNA array and capillary endothelial cell lines, would be beneficial to clarify molecular Zn function, more in detail.
Aorta protein networks in marginal and acute zinc deficiency
Beattie, John H.,Gordon, Margaret-Jane,Rucklidge, Garry J.,Reid, Martin D.,Duncan, Gary J.,Horgan, Graham W.,Cho, Young-Eun,Kwun, In-Sook WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Proteomics Vol.8 No.10
<P>Human zinc deficiency is a global problem and may influence the development of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to determine Zn deficiency affected pathways and protein interactions in rat aorta and their likely influence on stress-induced atherogenesis. In two separate studies, rats were given diets acutely (<1 mg Zn/kg) or marginally (6 mg Zn/kg) deficient in Zn. Both studies included Zn adequate controls (35 mg Zn/kg) and the acute deficiency study included a pair-fed group. After 6 wk, proteins from thoracic aorta were separated by 2-DE. Proteins affected by zinc deficiency were identified by principal component analysis. Multiple correlations of identified proteins indicated protein networks of related function. Proteins clusters decreased in zinc deficiency were related to fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Structurally related proteins, including zyxin and over nine transgelin 1 proteins, were either increased or decreased by acute and marginal deficiencies. PKCα was significantly decreased in Zn deficiency suggesting that Zn may regulate the phosphorylation of target proteins. Zn deficiency-related changes in structural, carbohydrate and fatty acid-related proteins may be disadvantageous for maintaining vascular health and are consistent with a protective role for zinc in the development of atherosclerosis.</P>
Western North Pacific Monsoon Depressions: Transitions to Pre-Tropical Cyclone Seedlings
Jodi C. Beattie,Russell L. Elsberry 한국기상학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.52 No.5
The objective of this study is to describe how a monsoon depression in the western North Pacific, which typically has a diameter of 1000 km, may be transitioned into a tropical cyclone with an inner core of strong winds and deep convection on the order of 100 km. Our previous case study of the pre-Typhoon Man-Yi monsoon depression formation is extended to show that the same cross-equatorial airstream continued and led to enhanced equatorial westerlies on the equatorward side of the pre-Man-Yi circulation, and a surge in the trade easterlies was also present on the poleward side. As these surges in the near-equatorial flow are inertially unstable, inward-directed wave-activity fluxes then led to flux convergence over the eastern vorticity maximum of the monsoon depression, which resulted in a scale contraction to that of a pretropical cyclone seedling. Eight case studies of the transitions of monsoon depressions during 2009 are presented that document persistent inward-directed wave-activity fluxes over a vorticity maximum within the monsoon depression is a key feature of each transition. In some transitions, the same cross-equatorial airstream as led to the monsoon depression formation continues as the primary airstream, and in other transitions another airstream to the west or enhanced tropical easterlies become the primary airstream. Analysis of 10 non-transitioning monsoon depressions during 2009 indicated the airstream wave-activity flux did not persist after the formation of the monsoon depression. In another 11 non-transitioning monsoon depressions, the inward-directed wave-activity flux was small and no region of wave-activity flux convergence was associated with the vorticity maximum in the monsoon depression.
Plasma zinc's alter ego is a low-molecular-weight humoral factor
Ou, Ou,Allen-Redpath, Keith,Urgast, Dagmar,Gordon, Margaret-Jane,Campbell, Gill,Feldmann, Jö,rg,Nixon, Graeme F.,Mayer, Claus-Dieter,Kwun, In-Sook,Beattie, John H. The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2013 The FASEB Journal Vol.27 No.9
<P>Mild dietary zinc deprivation in humans and rodents has little effect on blood plasma zinc levels, and yet cellular consequences of zinc depletion can be detected in vascular and other tissues. We proposed that a zinc-regulated humoral factor might mediate the effects of zinc deprivation. Using a novel approach, primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with plasma from zinc-deficient (<1 mg Zn/kg) or zinc-adequate (35 mg Zn/kg, pair-fed) adult male rats, and zinc levels were manipulated to distinguish direct and indirect effects of plasma zinc. Gene expression changes were analyzed by microarray and qPCR, and incubation of VSMCs with blood plasma from zinc-deficient rats strongly changed the expression of >2500 genes, compared to incubation of cells with zinc-adequate rat plasma. We demonstrated that this effect was caused by a low-molecular-weight (∼2-kDa) zinc-regulated humoral factor but that changes in gene expression were mostly reversed by adding zinc back to zinc-deficient plasma. Strongly regulated genes were overrepresented in pathways associated with immune function and development. We conclude that zinc deficiency induces the production of a low-molecular-weight humoral factor whose influence on VSMC gene expression is blocked by plasma zinc. This factor is therefore under dual control by zinc.—Ou, O., Allen-Redpath, K., Urgast, D., Gordon, M.-J., Campbell, G., Feldmann, J., Nixon, G. F., Mayer, C.-D., Kwun, I.-S., and Beattie, J. H. Plasma zinc's alter ego is a low-molecular-weight humoral factor.</P>