마를레네 슈트레루비츠 - 기억 강탈에 대한 반대와 말로 하지 못한 것의 역사에 대한 찬성-쪼 Tolmezzo와 슬로언 스퀘어 Sloane Square를 예로

Agnese, Barbara바바라 아그네제 한국독일현대문학회 2007 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.0 No.29

마를레네 슈트레루비츠는 최근 독일어권에서 가장 널리 알려진 소설가 내지 희곡작가에 속한다. 그녀는 90년대 초에 희곡작품을 가지고 공식적으로 등단하였으며, 그 작품에서 오스트리아의 현재와 과거에 대해 성찰하는가 하면, 모든 사회에 내재된 폭력을 폭로한다. 이것은 엘프리데 옐리넥의 작품 속에도 끊임없이 나타나는 문제들로서, 흔히 슈트레루비츠는 옐리넥과의 긴밀한 관계 속에서 다루어진다. 슈트레루비츠는 유태인 대학살이 드러내는 잔혹한 인간경멸이라는 문제에 관심을 가지고, 그런 폭력의 이면에는 다른 사람들에게 굴욕감을 주며 마침내 살해하기까지 하는 인간의 잔학함이 있다고 본다. 그녀는 한편, 권력의 잔학함, 즉 다른 사람들의 삶과 죽음을 결정할 수 있다는 권력감을 관찰한다. 다른 한편, 그녀는 오스트리아의 전쟁세대와 전후세대 간의 갈등을 진단한다. 그녀는 과거에 일어났던 사건에 대해 침묵하고 잊어버리려는 이유를, 말하자면 문제를 다음 세대 (슈트레루비츠 세대)로 ‘넘기게 된’ 원인을 규명하고자 한다. 이론적으로는 에세이집 현재의 일기 Tagebuch der Gegenwart에서 그 문제를 다루고 있다. 또한 슈트레루비츠는 여성에 대한 남성의 권력에도 초점을 맞추고, 사회 속에서 여성상을 만들어내는 권력기관의 눈에 띄지 않는 폭력에 대해서도 관심을 갖는다. 그녀의 작품에서는 페미니즘적 발전으로 위장된 “아이, 캐리어, 부엌”이라는 역할모델의 진상을 폭로하는 일이 흔히 다루어진다. 본 연구에서는 그녀의 희곡작품들 중에서 톨메쪼 Tolmezzo(1994)와 슬로언 스퀘어 Sloane Square(1992)를 예로 들어, 1) 슈트레루비츠의 문학에서 나타나는 ‘기억 억압’ 문제를 규명하고, 2) ‘개인적’ 여성사와 그런 역사를 문학적으로 형상화할 수 있는 가능성과의 관계를 고찰한다. 톨메쪼와 슬로언 스퀘어라는 제목 및 내용의 불일치는 그 자체로서 벌써 슈트레루비츠의 관객 내지 독자를 어리둥절하게 한다. 그녀의 희곡은 흔히 “이국적” 이름의 제목을 달고 있으나, “이국적” 장소를 체험하는 일은 거부되고, 관객들의 기대는 채워지지 않는다. 관객들은 “향토의” 역사와 마주하게 되는 것이다. 톨메쪼에서 마농은 망명 및 소아 Shoh의 시기에 집중한다. 마농은 미국에서 비인으로 돌아와서, 자신을 위해서, 그리고 범죄에 가담했으나 그것을 잊어버린 사람들을 위해서, 또한 그 후에 태어나고 회상의 기회를 빼앗긴 세대들을 위해서 과거의 일을 회상한다. 그러나 아무도 그녀의 말에 귀를 기울이지 않는다. 작가가 프랑크푸르트 문학 강의에서 말한 바와 같이, 잊어버린다는 것은 인간의 존엄을 해치는 일이며, 인간의 존엄이란 “기억할 수 있는 능력”에 있다. 슬로언 스퀘어에서 마렌찌 부인은 자신의 개인적 역사에 대해 알려고 하지 않는다. 슈트레루비츠는 모든 역사가 (잊혀졌기에) 개별적으로 남아있고, 따라서 단지 부분적으로만 서술될 수 있을 뿐이라는 사실을 보여준다. 유태인 대학살에 대한 억눌린 기억에서, 또 그로 인한 젊은 세대의 “기억 약탈”에서 그 결과적 증상 (그 문제에 대해 말할 수 있는 가능성도 없고, 서로를 이해할 수 있는 가능성도 없으며, 문제에 부딪혀볼 수도 없는 상황)이 뚜렷이 나타나듯이, 슬로언 스퀘어에서 사적인 역사의 상호작용은 불가능하다. 여성들은 “서로 뭉치지 않고”, 혹은 어쩌다 단지 ...

미국의 연령주의: 현황과 사회적 대응 (Ageism in USA)

Barbara Shipley 한국노년학회 2017 한국노년학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.국제학술

In her capacity as Chief Brand Officer, Barbara Shipley brings more than 25 years of experience in branding, marketing and strategic communications to her role at AARP. She is the chief architect of AARP’s Real Possibilities platform and the enterprise-wide brand revitalization strategy. She oversees brand strategy, creative services, advertising, social media and events for AARP and leads the brand integration efforts, from the charitable Foundation and commercial relationships (through AARP Services) to the association’s 53 state offices. She serves on AARP’s Leadership Team and plays a central role on Disrupt Aging and other Thought Leadership initiatives both domestic and international. Before joining AARP in 2006, she managed the Washington, D.C. office of Ruder Finn, a global marketing and communications firm, where she worked with a number of leading corporations such as GE and major non-profit groups such as St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Prior to that, she spent more than a decade in various leadership roles with Fleishman Hillard, Inc, one of the world’s largest strategic communications firms. There she led numerous award-winning campaigns for many major brands and associations, from Mars, Inc. to the Trust for America’s Health, and managed social marketing campaigns for some of the nation’s landmark social movements. Key among them was the White House’s Youth Anti-Drug Campaign and a series of international programs for the U.S. Department of State and the Department of Homeland Security. A native New Yorker, Barbara is a graduate of American University and lives in McLean, Virginia with her husband and two children. She is active in the autism education community.

Velvetweaving today: A worldwide overview Barbara Setsu Pickett

( Barbara Setsu Pickett ) 복식문화학회 2013 服飾文化硏究 Vol.21 No.3

Velvet is a luxury cloth. In Fashion it dresses the Elite. In Interiors, it covers palace walls and upholsters elegant furniture. In every culture throughout its history velvet``s sumptuous surfaces denotes luxury, status, power, privilege and wealth. My humble aim is to reveal the artisan in the art-to comprehend the mastery of weaving techniques, to understand the design principles, to study the everyday practice of the weavers at work. In the few ateliers that still weave silk velvet by hand, I have documented their processes and now want to share this knowledge with the broader textile community in hopes of expanding the appreciation of their art. I approach as a fellow weaver striving to learn the mechanics, the practical aspects that guide the work from initial idea to finished cloth. I leave the difficulties of establishing provenance and other important analyses to my more learned textile historian colleagues.

Effect of Illumination Intensities on Astaxanthin Synthesis by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and Its Mutants

Barbara Stachowiak 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.4

The aim of the study was to select optimal illumination for Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its mutants: 26UV, 10BE, 13B, and 34B for astaxanthin production. The strains were cultivated on YM medium at an illumination of 0-5,000 lx. The highest yields of astaxanthin were found in cultures at 600 lx. The maximum pigment production for the parental strain was 0.95 mg/L and 0.19 g/kg dry cell weight (DCW), while for mutants 1.23-1.51 mg/L and 0.34-0.39 g/kg DCW. It was calculated that the application of adequate values of illumination (within the range of 670-718 lx), determined on the basis of regression models, may improve astaxanthin production by approximately 5-15%, depending on the strain. This was confirmed in the verification experiments for the parental strain and mutants: 10BE, 13B, 26UV, but for 34B at 718 lx the volumetric astaxanthin production was found to be higher than predicted by the model.

Does Globalization Matter on Fiscal Decentralization? New Evidence from the OECD

Barbara Ermini,Raffaella Santolini 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2014 Global economic review Vol.43 No.2

In this paper, we re-examine the effects of globalization on fiscal decentralization of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries by using the overall KOF index of globalization and its main subcomponents — economic, political and social integration. Using different indicators of fiscal decentralization, we find a positive impact of the overall index of globalization on both tax revenue and expenditure decentralization side, although not robust across different panel data specifications. Focusing on the links between decentralization and subcomponents of globalization, we find that both economic and social integration foster fiscal decentralization, whereas political integration inhibits its growth.

Perspectives of Self-Assessments among College Piano Students in Korea

Barbara Hojean Chung The Pianissimo 음악예술학회 2014 음악예술연구 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of the study is the comprehension of the perspectives regarding jury performances of the college students who major in piano performance. The selected group of students who currently major in piano executed self-assessments of their own jury performances through the rubric and open-ended questionnaires. The students were asked to evaluate their own performances by examining eight categories in the rubric to research the objectivity of the students’ own assessments of their performances. The open-ended questionnaires showed the students’ points of view in terms of the basis of the jury performances. This study may prove the different points of view from the two different groups; supervisors and students. The differences on the levels and experiences of the students may have influence on the self-assessments as well.

Individualism and Early Childhood in the U.S.: How Culture and Tradition Have Impeded Evidence-Based Reforms

( Barbara Bennett Woodhouse ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2009 Journal of Korean Law Vol.8 No.1

“Individualism”-defined as a belief in the primary importance of the individual and the virtues of self-reliance and personal independence-is deeply rooted in United States tradition and culture. Its opposite (dependence or collectivity) is disparaged and rejected, as can be seen by the stigma attached to “socialism,” “welfare,” or other programs seen as government “handouts.” This paper argues that individualism is a myth that has impeded the development of early childhood policy, resulting in a gap between what we know children need and what we provide for them. As a result, the U.S. ranks last or near to last on measures of child well-being in comparison with peer nations. The author argues that the U.S. should develop public programs such as paid parental leave, and access to subsidized early childhood care and education (termed “educare”), recognizing a collective stake in young children’s needs for both nurture and education.

Budget Deficits and Exchange-Rate Crises

BARBARA ANNICCHIARICO,GIANCARLO MARINI,GIOVANNI PIERSANTI 한국국제경제학회 2011 International Economic Journal Vol.25 No.2

This paper investigates currency crises in an optimizing general equilibrium model with overlapping generations. It is shown that a rise in government budget deficits financed by future taxes generates a decumulation of external assets, leading up to a speculative attack and forcing the monetary authorities to abandon the peg.

Advanced ovarian cancer: what should be the standard of care?

Barbara A. Goff 대한부인종양학회 2013 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.24 No.1

The standard treatment of advanced ovarian cancer is rapidly changing. As we begin to understand that epithelial ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease, our treatment strategies are evolving to include novel biologic drugs that specifically exploit altered pathways. Surgery remains an essential component in the treatment of ovarian cancer; however, the importance of surgical specialization and defining “optimal cytoreduction” as no visible residual disease has been further validated. Ongoing studies are defining the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the upfront treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. In addition,clinical trials are evaluating intraperitoneal, dose dense, antiangiogenic drugs as well as targeted maintenance therapies which will establish new standards of care in the near future.

Premodern Korean Literary Prose: An Anthology. Edited by Michael J. Pettid, Gregory N. Evon, and Chan E. Park. New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. 301 pp. (ISBN: 9780231165815)

BARBARA WALL 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2019 Acta Koreana Vol.22 No.1