Oral symptoms significantly higher among long-term khat (Catha edulis) users in Ethiopia

Ayalew Astatkie,Meaza Demissie,Yemane Berhane,Alemayehu Worku 한국역학회 2015 Epidemiology and Health Vol.37 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Associations between khat (Catha edulis) chewing and different adverse oral-dental health conditions have been reported, yet evidence is still lacking. This study was designed to investigate the associa-tion between long-term regular khat chewing and self-reported oral symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1,255 university students in southern Ethi-opia. Data on khat chewing status, a range of oral symptoms and other pertinent variables were collected us-ing self-administered questionnaires. The association between long-term regular khat chewing and oral symp-tom count was investigated using negative binomial regression. RESULTS: The mean oral symptom count among long-term regular khat chewers was 1.75 (standard devia-tion [SD], 2.18; standard error [SE], 0.31), whereas that among those who were not long-term regular khat chewers was 1.18 (SD, 1.68; SE, 0.10). After adjustment for other variables, long-term regular khat chewers had approximately 50% more oral symptoms than those who were not long-term chewers did (adjusted count ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 2.10). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term khat chewing negatively affects the oral health of young university students.

Estimation of genetic parameters of the productive and reproductive traits in Ethiopian Holstein using multi-trait models

Ayalew, Wondossen,Aliy, Mohammed,Negussie, Enyew Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.11

Objective: This study estimated the genetic parameters for productive and reproductive traits. Methods: The data included production and reproduction records of animals that have calved between 1979 and 2013. The genetic parameters were estimated using multivariate mixed models (DMU) package, fitting univariate and multivariate mixed models with average information restricted maximum likelihood algorithm. Results: The estimates of heritability for milk production traits from the first three lactation records were $0.03{\pm}0.03$ for lactation length (LL), $0.17{\pm}0.04$ for lactation milk yield (LMY), and $0.15{\pm}0.04$ for 305 days milk yield (305-d MY). For reproductive traits the heritability estimates were, $0.09{\pm}0.03$ for days open (DO), $0.11{\pm}0.04$ for calving interval (CI), and $0.47{\pm}0.06$ for age at first calving (AFC). The repeatability estimates for production traits were $0.12{\pm}0.02$, for LL, $0.39{\pm}0.02$ for LMY, and $0.25{\pm}0.02$ for 305-d MY. For reproductive traits the estimates of repeatability were $0.19{\pm}0.02$ for DO, and to $0.23{\pm}0.02$ for CI. The phenotypic correlations between production and reproduction traits ranged from $0.08{\pm}0.04$ for LL and AFC to $0.42{\pm}0.02$ for LL and DO. The genetic correlation among production traits were generally high (>0.7) and between reproductive traits the estimates ranged from $0.06{\pm}0.13$ for AFC and DO to $0.99{\pm}0.01$ between CI and DO. Genetic correlations of productive traits with reproductive traits were ranged from -0.02 to 0.99. Conclusion: The high heritability estimates observed for AFC indicated that reasonable genetic improvement for this trait might be possible through selection. The $h^2$ and r estimates for reproductive traits were slightly different from single versus multi-trait analyses of reproductive traits with production traits. As single-trait method is biased due to selection on milk yield, a multi-trait evaluation of fertility with milk yield is recommended.

Groundwater Potential Mapping Using SWAT and GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

Bisrat Ayalew Yifru,Dereje Birhanu Mitiku,Mesfin Benti Tolera,장선우,정일문 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.8

In several parts of the world, groundwater potential information gap limits the development and management of the resource. GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) plays an important role in this regard. This work presents the groundwater potential mapping in a data-scarce region of Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and GIS-based MCDA. SWAT was used to model the spatiotemporal variation of groundwater recharge. The calibration and validation results show the applicability of the model in the study area. The estimated monthly average recharge varies from 2.78 − 164 mm. The recharge, geomorphology, lithology, soil, land use/land-cover, and DEM derived topographic characteristics were analyzed using GIS-based MCDA to evaluate the groundwater potential. The result is classified into low, moderate, and high zones and validated using the wells and springs information available in the region. More than 61% of the area has moderate groundwater potential and less than 22% of the area has high groundwater potential.

Conjunctive Simulation of Groundwater-Surface Water in Data Scarce Watershed of Main Ethiopian Rift Valley

( Bisrat Ayalew Yifru ),( Mesfin Benti Tolera ),( Il-moon Chung ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Recharge is a vital element for modeling, assessing, and managing of groundwater resources, particularly in groundwater dependent water supply regions. However, in regions such as Main Ethiopian Rift Valley (MERV), low development of hydrological measurements and complex geological features make recharge estimation challenging. In the previous works, the groundwater recharge was taken as a percentage of the precipitation in the area. This study presents a conjunctive simulation of groundwater and surface water using a comprehensive semi-distributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and modular finite-difference groundwater flow m odel (MODFLOW) in one of the a gricultural watersheds o f t he MERV. SWAT m odel estimates the spatiotemporal variation of groundwater recharge rates. The recharge estimated using SWAT was incorporated as input to MODFLOW to simulate the groundwater flow. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, calibration and validation of SWAT model results were performed using SWAT-CUP. MODFLOW result was also calibrated using automated calibration tool(PEST) by setting the hydraulic conductivity as the main parameter to be estimated. The conjunctive simulation was successful in spite of the data scarcity and important results produced including the hydrogeological and recharge maps. Acknowledgment This study was funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as Demand Responsive Water Supply Service Program(146515).

An Empirical Study of MCL-based Spreadsheet Visualization

Yirsaw Ayalew,Ethel Tshukudu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.3

Spreadsheets, programs developed by end-user programmers, are used for a variety of important tasks and decisions. However, as the literature indicates, a significant proportion of spreadsheets contain faults. One of the difficulties in understanding and debugging spreadsheets is the invisibility of data dependencies associated with cell formulas. To address this issue, we developed a graph based visualization tool based on the Markov Clustering (MCL) algorithm. The prototype tool, which has been integrated into Microsoft Excel, provides a visualization of a spreadsheet in terms of its data dependency graph using a cluster tree. In addition, it highlights groups of cells that belong to a cluster with unique color and border style on the original spreadsheet. Using the visualization tool, spreadsheet users may narrow their focus to one cluster (i.e., logical unit) at a time. This paper discusses the results of a controlled experiment conducted to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the prototype tool. We used cognitive fit theory as the basis for the evaluation of the tool. Among the features of the tool, highlighting of clusters was found to be useful for spreadsheet debugging while data dependency graph based visualization did not improve effectiveness and efficiency of debugging a spreadsheet.

Efficiency of SNP and SSR-Based Analysis of Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Relationships among Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Germplasm from East Africa and IITA Inbred Lines

Belayneh Ayalew Desalegne, Kifle Dagne, Gedil Melaku, Boukar Ousmane, 한국작물학회 2017 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.20 No.2

The extent of genetic diversity and relatedness of cowpea germplasm from East Africa are poorly understood. A set of 13 microsatellites (SSR) and 151 single nucleotide olymorphisms (SNPs) markers were applied to assess the levels of genetic diversity in a sample of 95 accessions of local cowpea germplasm and inbred lines of Vigna unguiculata. The average genetic diversity (D), as quantified by the expected heterozygosity, was higher for SSR loci (0.52) than for SNPs (0.34). The polymorphic information content was 0.48 for SSR and 0.28 for SNP while the fixation index was 0.095 for SSR and 0.15 for SNPs showing moderate differentiation and high gene flow among cowpea accessions from East African countries. The results of data analysis of both SSR and SNP markers showed similar clustering patterns suggesting a substantial degree of association between origin and genotype. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) with SSR and SNP markers showed that accessions were grouped into two and three broad groups across the first two axes, respectively. Our study found that SNP markers were more effective than SSR in determining the genetic relationship among East African local cowpea accessions and IITA inbred lines. Based on this analysis, five local cowpea accessions Tvu-13490, Tvu-6378, Tvu-13448, Tvu-16073, and 2305675 were identified to be tightly clustered sharing several common alleles with the drought tolerant variety Danila when analyzed with SSR and SNP markers. The findings will assist and contribute to future genetic diversity studies aimed at the genetic improvement of local Eastern Africa cowpea accessions for improved overall agronomic performance in general and breeding for drought tolerant in particular.

An ISO/IEC 15504 based Software Process Assessment in Small Software Companies

Yirsaw Ayalew,Kris Motlhala 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.8 No.6

드론 배달 경로를 위한 효율적인 휴리스틱 알고리즘

요나탄 ( Yonatan Ayalew Kelkile ),테메스겐 ( Temesgen Seyoum ),김재훈 ( Jai-hoon Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2016 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Drone package delivery routing problem is realistic problem used to find efficient route of drone package delivery service. In this paper, we present an approach for solving drone routing problem for package delivery service using two different heuristics algorithms, genetic and nearest neighbor. We implement and analyze both heuristics algorithms for solving the problem efficiently with respect to cost and time. The respective experimental results show that for the range of customers 10 to 50 nearest neighbor and genetic algorithms can reduce the tour length on average by 34% and 40% respectively comparing to FIFO algorithm.

LSTM과 기저유출 분리기법의 결합을 통한 저수지 유입량 예측 성능 개선

비스랏이프루 ( Yifru Bisrat Ayalew ),이서로 ( Lee Seoro ),박운지 ( Park Woon Ji ),최용훈 ( Choi Yonghun ),이관재 ( Lee Gwanjae ),박상준 ( Bak Sangjoon ),정연지 ( Jeong Yeonji ),임경재 ( Lim Kyoung Jae ) 한국물환경학회 2023 공동춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.0

Interpregnancy Interval and Adverse Birth Outcome in Term Premature Rupture of Membrane, 2017

Workineh, Yinager,Ayalew, Emiru,Debalkie, Megbaru Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2019 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.5 No.2

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of interpregnancy interval on fetal outcome among women with term premature rupture of membrane in public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2017. Facility based follow up study was conducted in Southern Ethiopia public hospitals from February 30, 2017 to August 20, 2017. Among 150 observed mothers with interpregnancy interval of less two years, 46.67 % (95% CI: (7.170, 29.93) of them experienced adverse birth outcome, but among 173 women with interpregnancy interval of two and above years, 5.78% (95% CI: (7.170, 29.93) of them experienced adverse birth outcome. The odds of adverse birth outcome were more among women with interpregnancy interval of less than two years (AOR=17.899, 95%CI: [6.425, 49.859]. The effect of interbirth interval of less than two years on adverse birth outcome of newborn was increased by length labor of >=24 hours, induction of labour and cesarean section delivery. Interpregnancy interval of less than two years, in collaboration with other risk factors, is the main predictor of adverse birth outcome. Therefore especial attention should be given to mothers with birth spacing by using family planning methods to reduce adverse birth outcome.