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Antonisamy, P.,Arasu, M.,Dhanasekaran, M.,Choi, K.,Aravinthan, A.,Kim, N.,Kang, C. W.,Kim, J. H. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Food & function Vol.7 No.1
<P>The present study was undertaken to explore gastroprotective effects of trigonelline (TRG) and to determine the potential mechanisms involved in this action. In order to evaluate the gastroprotective efficiency of TRG, an indomethacin-induced ulcer model has been applied. Antioxidants, cytokines, adhesion markers and apoptosis levels have been analyzed for the biochemical mechanism involved in TRG activity. TRG (45 mg kg(-1)) pretreated rats significantly inhibited gastric lesions by 81.71%. Indomethacin administration raises the levels of leukotriene B-4 (LTB4), lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) with the significant declines of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase ( CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) levels. Conversely, TRG ( 45 mg kg-1) pretreated animals showed significant rises in PGE2 and antioxidant levels along with substantial reductions in LTB4, lipid peroxidation and MPO levels. Indomethacin-induced rats also exhibited considerable increases of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels and decreases of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), but these imbalances were normalized through treatment of TRG. The protective activity of TRG against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer has been ascribed to three important mechanisms: (1) antiinflammatory; (2) antioxidant; (3) anti-apoptotic pathways.</P>
Antonisamy, Paulrayer,Kannan, Ponnusamy,Aravinthan, Adithan,Duraipandiyan, Veeramuthu,Valan Arasu, Mariadhas,Ignacimuthu, Savarimuthu,Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Naif,Kim, Jong-Hoon Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 The Scientific World Journal Vol.2014 No.-
<P><I>Chromobacterium violaceum</I>, Gram-negative bacteria species found in tropical regions of the world, produces a distinct deep violet-colored pigment called violacein. In the present study, we investigated whether violacein can promote a gastroprotective effect and verified the possible mechanisms involved in this action. For this study, an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer rat model was used. The roles of biomolecules such as MPO, PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, caspase-3, NO, K<SUP>+</SUP>ATP channels, and <I>α</I><SUB>2</SUB>-receptors were investigated. Violacein exhibited significant gastroprotective effect against indomethacin-induced lesions, while pretreatment with L-NAME and glibenclamide (but not with NEM or yohimbine) was able to reverse this action. Pretreatment with violacein also restored cNOS level to normal and led to attenuation of enhanced apoptosis and gastric microvascular permeability. Our results suggest that violacein provides a significant gastroprotective effect in an indomethacin-induced ulcer model through the maintenance of some vital protein molecules, and this effect appears to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, NOS, K<SUP>+</SUP>ATP channel opening, and inhibition of apoptosis and gastric microvascular permeability.</P>
Antonisamy, P.,Duraipandiyan, V.,Aravinthan, A.,Al-Dhabi, N.A.,Ignacimuthu, S.,Choi, K.C.,Kim, J.H. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.750 No.-
The current study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effects of friedelin isolated from the hexane extract of leaves of Azima tetracantha. Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model was used to investigate the gastroprotective effects of friedelin. Antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, gastric vascular permeability, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis level have been investigated. Ethanol caused severe gastric damage and friedelin pretreatment protected against its deleterious role. Antioxidant enzyme activities, anti-inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>), constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) and mucus weight have been increased significantly. However, the vascular permeability, pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-3 and apoptosis level have significantly been decreased after friedelin ingestion. The present study has clearly demonstrated the anti-ulcer potential of friedelin, these findings suggested that friedelin could be a new useful natural gastroprotective tool against gastric ulcer.
Antonisamy, P.,Dhanasekaran, M.,Ignacimuthu, S.,Duraipandiyan, V.,Balthazar, J.D.,Agastian, P.,Kim, J.H. G. Fischer 2014 Phytomedicine Vol.21 No.7
The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effect of epoxy clerodane diterpene (ECD), isolated from Tinospora cordifolia on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Administration of indomethacin exhibits extreme levels of ulcer index (UI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Indomethacin down regulated PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF and EGF). The ECD pretreatment considerably increased the levels of PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. The ulcer-healing activity of ECD was inhibited by pre-administration of the specific COX-1 inhibitor (SC560) and nonspecific NOS inhibitor (l-NAME), which indicates the involvement of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and NOS in ECD induced ulcer healing activity. These findings suggest that ECD exerts its antiulcer activity by reinforcement of defensive elements and diminishing the offensive elements.
Paulrayer, Antonisamy,Adithan, Aravinthan,Lee, Jeong Ho,Moon, Kwang Hyun,Kim, Dae Geun,Im, So Yeon,Kang, Chang-Won,Kim, Nam Soo,Kim, Jong-Hoon MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.6
<P><I>Aronia melanocarpa</I> (Michx.) Ell. belongs to the Rosaceae family. The purpose of this study is to explore the gastroprotective effect of the <I>Aronia melanocarpa</I> hydro-alcoholic extract (AMHAE) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in a rat model. Different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of AMHAE, or 30 mg/kg of omeprazole, significantly inhibited the gastric injury formation. The ethanol-induced ulcer group showed significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor-kappaB p65 (NF-κB p65), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and interleukin (IL)-4. However, AMHAE (200 mg/kg) pretreatment significantly reversed the altered pathophysiological levels of these biomolecules to near normal stages. The gastroprotective activity of AMHAE was abolished by pretreatment with <SMALL>L</SMALL>-NAME, naloxone, capsazepine, and indomethacin, demonstrating the participation of nitric oxide (NO), opioids, TRPV (vanilloid receptor-related transient receptor potential), and prostaglandins in AMHAE-assisted gastroprotection against ethanol-induced gastric injuries. This gastroprotective effect of AMHAE might be due to the downregulation of TNF-α-based NF-κB, MCP-1 signaling and strong antioxidant properties.</P>
Aravinthan, Adithan,Antonisamy, Paulrayer,Kim, Bumseok,Kim, Nam Soo,Shin, Dong Gyu,Seo, Jeong Hun,Kim, Jong-Hoon The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.4
In the present study, we investigated whether treatment with GBCK25 facilitated the recovery of hemodynamic parameters, left ventricle systolic pressure, left ventricular developed pressure, and electrocardiographic changes. GBCK25 significantly prevented the decrease in hemodynamic parameters and ameliorated the electrocardiographic abnormality. These results indicate that GBCK25 has distinct cardioprotective effects in rat heart.
Adithan Aravinthan,Jong Han Kim,Paulrayer Antonisamy,Chang-Won Kang,Jonghee Choi,Nam Soo Kim,Jong-Hoon Kim 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3
Background: Ginseng total saponin (GTS) contains various ginsenosides. These ginsenosides are widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases in Asian communities. The aim of this study was to study the effects of GTS on cardiac injury after global ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in isolated guinea pig hearts. Methods: Animals were subjected to normothermic ischemia for 60 minutes, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. GTS significantly increased aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output. Moreover, GTS significantly increased left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximal rate of contraction (þdP/dtmax) and relaxation (dP/dtmax). In addition, GTS has been shown to ameliorate electrocardiographic changes such as the QRS complex, QT interval, and RR interval. Results: GTS significantly suppressed the biochemical parameters (i.e., lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB fraction, and cardiac troponin I levels) and normalized the oxidative stress markers (i.e., malondialdehyde, glutathione, and nitrite). In addition, GTS also markedly inhibits the expression of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-6, and nuclear factor-kB, and improves the expression of IL-10 in cardiac tissue. Conclusion: These data indicate that GTS mitigates myocardial damage by modulating the biochemical and oxidative stress related to cardiac I/R injury.
Kim, Jong-Hoon,Chung, Hwan-Suck,Antonisamy, P,Lee, Seung Ryel,Bae, Hyunsu Humana Press 2014 CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY Vol.14 No.2
<P>The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of water extract of rhizomes of Acorus gramineus (AGR) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. Male pigs were orally administered with 250 or 500 mg/kg of AGR or with vehicle for 9 days, with concurrent subcutaneous injections of ISO on the 8th and 9th day. Administration of AGR significantly ameliorated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunctions as evidenced by the ventricular ST-segment interval and R-amplitude as well as the left ventricle fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Additionally, administration of AGR significantly attenuated increased cardiac injury markers, such as cardiac troponin T, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase activity, and cardiac marker enzymes, and prevented the depletion of antioxidant parameters. Malondialdehyde formation was also inhibited by AGR. Based on the results, it is concluded that AGR possesses significant cardioprotective potential and may serve as an adjunct in the treatment and prophylaxis of myocardial infarction.</P>
Aravinthan, Adithan,Kim, Jong Han,Antonisamy, Paulrayer,Kang, Chang-Won,Choi, Jonghee,Kim, Nam Soo,Kim, Jong-Hoon The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3
Background: Ginseng total saponin (GTS) contains various ginsenosides. These ginsenosides are widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases in Asian communities. The aim of this study was to study the effects of GTS on cardiac injury after global ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in isolated guinea pig hearts. Methods: Animals were subjected to normothermic ischemia for 60 minutes, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. GTS significantly increased aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output. Moreover, GTS significantly increased left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximal rate of contraction ($+dP/dt_{max}$) and relaxation ($-dP/dt_{max}$). In addition, GTS has been shown to ameliorate electrocardiographic changes such as the QRS complex, QT interval, and RR interval. Results: GTS significantly suppressed the biochemical parameters (i.e., lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB fraction, and cardiac troponin I levels) and normalized the oxidative stress markers (i.e., malondialdehyde, glutathione, and nitrite). In addition, GTS also markedly inhibits the expression of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$, and improves the expression of IL-10 in cardiac tissue. Conclusion: These data indicate that GTS mitigates myocardial damage by modulating the biochemical and oxidative stress related to cardiac I/R injury.