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Sliwinski, Marek K.,Bosch, Justin A.,Yoon, Ho‐,Sung,Balthazar, Maria von,Baum, David A. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 The Plant journal Vol.51 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><I>Idahoa scapigera</I> produces solitary flowers in the axils of rosette leaves without elongation of the shoot axis, a rosette‐flowering architecture. Previous work with one of the two <I>I. scapigera LFY</I> paralogs, <I>IscLFY1</I>, showed that this gene caused aerial flowering rosettes in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>. In this paper, we report that after three generations <I>IscLFY1</I> transgenic lines are phenotypically indistinguishable from wild‐type Arabidopsis, indicating that IscLFY1 protein is able to replace normal LFY function. Additionally, we found that ectopic <I>LFY</I> expression late in development can phenocopy aspects of the aerial rosette phenotype, suggesting that shoot compression caused by <I>IscLFY1</I> could be caused by localized overexpression of a functional IscLFY protein. We also characterized the expression and function of the second <I>I. scapigera LFY</I> paralog, <I>IscLFY2</I>, in <I>A. thaliana</I>. In contrast to <I>IscLFY1</I>, this paralog was expressed in floral meristems and the shoot apical meristem (SAM). In <I>I. scapigera,</I> LFY‐specific antibodies detected high protein levels in developing flowers but not in the apex, suggesting <I>trans</I>‐regulatory differences between <I>I. scapigera</I> and <I>A. thaliana</I>. Most <I>IscLFY2</I> transgenic <I>A. thaliana</I> plants were indistinguishable from wild type, but in a minority of lines the SAM was converted to a terminal flower as would be expected from the reporter‐expression pattern. Taken together these results show that both <I>I. scapigera</I> paralogs have conserved <I>LFY</I> function, both proteins can rescue <I>lfy</I> and both can modify inflorescence architecture in an <I>A. thaliana</I> background: either by affecting internode elongation (<I>IscLFY1</I>) or by causing homeotic conversion of shoots into flowers (<I>IscLFY2</I>).</P>
Antonisamy, P.,Dhanasekaran, M.,Ignacimuthu, S.,Duraipandiyan, V.,Balthazar, J.D.,Agastian, P.,Kim, J.H. G. Fischer 2014 Phytomedicine Vol.21 No.7
The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effect of epoxy clerodane diterpene (ECD), isolated from Tinospora cordifolia on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Administration of indomethacin exhibits extreme levels of ulcer index (UI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Indomethacin down regulated PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF and EGF). The ECD pretreatment considerably increased the levels of PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. The ulcer-healing activity of ECD was inhibited by pre-administration of the specific COX-1 inhibitor (SC560) and nonspecific NOS inhibitor (l-NAME), which indicates the involvement of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and NOS in ECD induced ulcer healing activity. These findings suggest that ECD exerts its antiulcer activity by reinforcement of defensive elements and diminishing the offensive elements.