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Krauskopf, Tim,Parker, Andrew G. 한국전문가시스템학회 1995 학술대회 Vol.1 No.1
There are many opportunities on the Internet Current demographics will not support all businesses The Internet is only a part of a total marketing strategy
The laryngopharyngeal nerve: a comprehensive review
Stephen Shapiro,Andrew L. Parker,Juan J. Cardona,Arada Chaiyamoon,Francisco Reina,Ana Carrera,Joe Iwanaga,Aaron S. Dumont,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.3
The laryngopharyngeal nerve has received much less attention that the other contributions to the pharyngealplexus i.e., glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Often, in descriptions and depictions, the nerve is simply labeled as thesympathetic contribution to the pharyngeal plexus. As there is such scant information available regarding this nerve, the present review was performed. Very little is found in the extant medical literature regarding the laryngopharyngeal nerve. However, based on available data, the nerve is a consistent contributory to the pharyngeal plexus and serves other adjacentareas e.g., carotid body. Therefore, a better understanding of this structure’s anatomy is important for those who operate inthis area. Further studies are necessary to better elucidate the true function of the laryngopharyngeal nerve.
Globin Digest: No Evidence for a Weight Loss Mechanism
Frank Greenway,Andrew Roberts,Catherine Parker,Irene Grundy,Lilian de Jonge-Levitan,Marlene Most,James Ferguson 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.4
This study was designed to document the mechanism through which globin digest, a dietary herbal supple-ment, might cause weight loss by exploring possible fat malabsorption, calorie malabsorption, energy expenditure, and fat ox-idation. Six healthy subjects were placed on an outpatient diet for 14 days and given a meal containing 40.9 g of fat on days5 and 11, and stools were collected for 72 hours after each meal for analysis of fecal fat content. Four grams of globin digestwas given with one meal and placebo with the other. In another separate study, six subjects were placed on a 100-g fat, weight-maintaining diet for 14 days. All food was prepared by the Pennington Center (Baton Rouge, LA) metabolic kitchen. Globindigest (2 g) or placebo was given with each of three meals per day, and stool was collected for calorie determinations duringthe last 72 hours of each week. Subjects received globin digest during one of the 2 weeks and placebo during the other. Rest-ing metabolic rate and respiratory quotient were measured on the last day of each 1-week period. There was no increase in72-hour fecal fat or fecal calories by bomb calorimetry during either of the studies. There was no difference in the respira-tory quotient. Globin digest did result in an increase in resting metabolic rate. However, this increase was not statistically sig-nificant. Globin digest, if effective, does not cause weight loss or fat loss through fat malabsorption or a relative increase infat oxidation. Future studies are needed to document the efficacy of globin digest for weight loss in humans before furthermechanistic investigation is attempted.
Kate Mori,Haydn Morgan,Andrew Parker,Christopher Mackintosh 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.8 No.3
In recent years, austerity measures in the UK have placed increasing emphasis on third sector organisations to address gaps in Central Government provision. Reflecting upon community sport services during this period, this paper presents the findings of a qualitative study of the everyday working practices of a group of community sport development workers (CSDWs) in the South of England, outlining how they adopted innovative and entrepreneurial practices as a response to fiscal constraint. We argue that, amidst an intensification of neoliberalism and new public management, the UK community sport development sector has become increasingly fragmented which, in turn, has presented a series of challenges that militate against the (re)establishment of community-based ideals. The paper concludes that there is potential to apply these findings globally to nations where austerity policies have been the primary response to the financial crisis and/or where a similar approach to community sport development exists.
Dietary Herbal Supplements with Phenylephrine for Weight Loss
Frank Greenway,Lilian de Jonge-Levitan,Corby?artin,Andrew Roberts,Irene Grundy,Catherine Parker 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.4
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dietary herbal supplement containing citrusaurantium and phenylephrine in the treatment of obesity. Two pilot studies enrolled healthy subjects with body mass indexes2540 kg/m2 to similar 8-week weight loss programs. Safety was assessed by physical examination and laboratory tests atscreening and 8 weeks. The first pilot study randomized eight subjects to citrus aurantium (herbal phenylephrine) or placebo.Body composition by DEXA scan, waist circumference, and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured at baseline and 8weeks. Food intake and appetite ratings were measured at baseline and week 2. The second pilot study randomized 20 sub-jects to two 2-hour RMR tests a week apart after phenylephrine (20 mg) or placebo followed by phenylephrine (20 mg) threetimes a day for 8 weeks. In the first pilot study, the citrus aurantium group gained 1.13. 0.27 (mean. SEM) kg comparedwith 0.09. 0.28 kg in the placebo group (P. .04). RMR at baseline rose more in the citrus aurantium group, 144.5. 15.7kcal/24 hours, than the placebo group, 23.8. 28.3 kcal/24 hours (P. .002), but not at 8 weeks. DEXA, waist circumfer-ence, food intake, and hunger ratings were not different. In the second pilot study, the phenylephrine group lost 0.8. 3.4 kgin 8 weeks (not significant), and RMR increased more in the phenylephrine group (111.5. 32.6 vs. 37.4. 22.7 kcal/24hours, P. .02). There were no significant safety issues in either study. Although no toxicity was seen, these pilot studiessuggest phenylephrine is not efficacious for weight loss.
Colin M. Dinney,Lu-Dong Zhao,Charles D. Conrad,Jay M. Duker,Richard O. Karas,Zhibin Hu,Michele A. Hamilton,Thomas R. Gillis,Thomas M. Parker,Bing Fan,Andrew H. Advani,Fred B. Poordad,Paulette L. Fauce 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.10
Chronic HBV infection is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatic cancer, but the individual responses toward HBV infection are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to chronic active hepatitis B inflammation. In this study, we hypothesized that the different individual responses to HBV infection was associated with differences in HBV-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated inflammation and cytotoxicity. Blood samples were collected from subjects with asymptomatic HBV-infection, subjects undergoing active chronic HBV flares (active CHB), and subjects with HBV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). By tetramer staining, we found that all three groups had similar frequencies of HBVspecific CD8+ T cells. However, after HBV peptide stimulation, the HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in asymptomatic subjects had significantly stronger interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and CD107a expression than those in active CHB and HBV-HCC patients. Examination of surface marker expression revealed that the PD-1-Tim-3- double-negative cell population was the main contributor to HBV-specific inflammation. In active CHB patients and HBV-HCC patients, however, the frequencies of activated PD-1-Tim-3- cells were significantly reduced. Moreover, the serum HBV DNA titer was not correlated with the frequencies of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells but was inversely correlated with the frequencies of IFN-g-expressing and CD107a-express cells in response to HBV stimulation. Together, our data demonstrated that the status of HBVspecific CD8+ T cell exhaustion was associated with different clinical outcomes of chronic HBV infection.