http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Ana Carrera,Arada Chaiyamoon,Francisco Reina,Joe Iwanaga,Aida Cateura,Miguel Angel Reina,José Ramón Sañudo,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.2
Upper limb muscle variations can be encountered on imaging or at surgery. We report an unusual muscle and bandfound during routine dissection of the arm in a cadaver. This case is described and salient literature reviewed. A band was found that traveled from the insertion of the pectoralis major tendon distally and obliquely toward the medial intermuscular septum and medical epicondyle. Fibers of the brachialis were found to interdigitate into the band. A tunnel was formed that carried the median nerve and brachial vessels. Evidence of median nerve compression was observed. We considered this an example of a pectorobrachioepicondylaris muscle. However, some can lead to clinical presentations. Although the significance of the case reported herein is not certain, signs of median nerve compression were identified. We believe that the term pectorobrachioepicondylaris bests describes the muscle reported herein and that our case represents a previously unreported variant of this muscle.
Hepatic alterations associated with fine particulate matter exposure
Iván Tavera Busso,Ana Carolina Mateos,Alicia González Peroni,Natalia Soledad Graziani,Hebe Alejandra Carreras 한국독성학회 2020 Toxicological Research Vol.36 No.2
Several studies have pointed to fine particulate matter ( PM2.5) as the main responsible for air pollution toxic effects. Indeed, PM2.5 may not only cause respiratory and cardiovascular abnormalities but it may also affect other organs such as the liver. Be that as it may, only a few studies have evaluated the PM2.5 effects on hepatic tissue. Moreover, most of them have not analyzed the relationship between particles composition and toxicological effects. In this study, healthy rats were subjected to urban levels of PM2.5 particles in order to assess their structural and functional effects on the liver. During the exposure periods, mean PM2.5 concentrations were slightly higher than the value suggested by the daily guideline of the World Health Organization. The exposed rats showed a hepatic increase of Cr, Zn, Fe, Ba, Tl and Pb levels. This group also showed leukocyte infiltration, sinusoidal dilation, hydropic inclusions and alterations in carbohydrates distribution. These histologic lesions were accompanied by serological changes, such as increase of total cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as genotoxic damage in their nuclei. We also observed significant associations between several biomarkers and PM2.5 composition. Our results show that exposure to low levels of PM2.5 might cause histologic and serological changes in liver tissue, suggesting that PM2.5 toxicity is influenced not only by their concentration but also by their composition and the exposure frequency.
Aditi Patel,Johnathan Baudoin,Arada Chaiyamoon,Juan J. Cardona,Ana Carrera,Francisco Reina,Joe Iwanaga,Aaron S. Dumont,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.3
The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is often involved in pathologies of the posterior cranialfossa. Therefore, a good understanding of the vessel’s normal and variant courses is important to the neurosurgeon or neurointerventionalist. During the routine microdissection of the craniocervical junction, an unusual arrangement between the highest denticulate ligament and PICA was observed. On the right side, the PICA was given rise to by the V4 segment of the vertebral artery 9 mm after the artery entered the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa. The artery made an acute turn around the lateral edge of the highest denticulate ligament to then recur 180 degrees and travel medially toward the brainstem. Invasive procedures that target the PICA should be aware of the variant as described herein.
The laryngopharyngeal nerve: a comprehensive review
Stephen Shapiro,Andrew L. Parker,Juan J. Cardona,Arada Chaiyamoon,Francisco Reina,Ana Carrera,Joe Iwanaga,Aaron S. Dumont,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.3
The laryngopharyngeal nerve has received much less attention that the other contributions to the pharyngealplexus i.e., glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Often, in descriptions and depictions, the nerve is simply labeled as thesympathetic contribution to the pharyngeal plexus. As there is such scant information available regarding this nerve, the present review was performed. Very little is found in the extant medical literature regarding the laryngopharyngeal nerve. However, based on available data, the nerve is a consistent contributory to the pharyngeal plexus and serves other adjacentareas e.g., carotid body. Therefore, a better understanding of this structure’s anatomy is important for those who operate inthis area. Further studies are necessary to better elucidate the true function of the laryngopharyngeal nerve.
Viktoriya S. Grayson,Mitchell Couldwell,Arada Chaiyamoon,Juan J. Cardona,Francisco Reina,Ana Carrera,Erin P. McCormack,Kendrick Johnson,Sassan Keshavarzi,Joe Iwanaga,Aaron S. Dumont,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.4
Few studies have examined the basilar venous plexus (BVP) and to our knowledge, no previous study has describedits histology. The present anatomical study was performed to better elucidate these structures. In ten cadavers, the BVP wasdissected. The anatomical and histological evaluation of the intraluminal trabeculae within this sinus were evaluated. Onceall gross measurements were made, the clivus and overlying BVP were harvested and submitted for histological analysis. A BVP was identified in all specimens and in each of these, intraluminal trabeculae were identified. The mean number oftrabeculae per plexus was five. These were most concentrated in the upper half of the clivus and were more often centrallylocated. These septations traveled in a posterior to anterior direction and usually, from inferiorly to superiorly however somewere noted to travel horizontally. In a few specimens the trabeculae had wider bases, especially on the posterior attachmentto the meningeal layer of dura mater. More commonly, the trabeculae ended in a denticulate form at their two terminalends. The trabeculae were on average were 0.85 mm in length. The mean width of the trabeculae was 0.35 mm. Theseseptations were consistent with the cords of Willis as are found in the lumen of some of the other intradural venous sinuses. An understanding of the internal anatomy of the BVP can aid in our understanding of venous pathology. Furthermore, thisknowledge will benefit patients undergoing interventional treatments that involve the BVP.
Histology and immunohistochemistry of the human carotid sinus nerve
Davin Bryant,Erin McCormack,Juan J. Cardona,Arada Chaiyamoon,Devendra Shekhawat,Francisco Reina,Ana Carrera,Joe Iwanaga,Aaron S. Dumont,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.4
The carotid sinus nerve (CSN) is well known as mediating baroref lexes. However, studies of its detailed histologicalanalysis are scant in the literature. Therefore, the current anatomical study sought to better elucidate the microanatomy of theCSN. Ten fresh frozen adult cadavers underwent dissection of the CSN. Then, it was harvested and submitted for histologicaland immunohistochemical staining. Specimens were all shown to be nerve fibers on histology and immunohistochemistry. We identified tyrosine hydroxylase positive fibers in all CSN specimens. These fibers were always found to be within theCSN and not on its surface i.e., epineurium. Based on our findings, the majority of fibers contained in the CSN are tyrosinepositive in nature. Further studies are necessary to understand the true function of this autonomic nerve fibers.