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Policy Responsiveness in Post-communist Europe: Public Preferences and Economic Reforms
Roberts, Andrew,Kim, Byung-Yeon Cambridge University Press 2011 British journal of political science Vol.41 No.4
<P>This article assesses the degree of policy responsiveness in the new democracies of post-communist Europe. Panel data on economic reform and public opinion show that public support for reform has a large and significant effect on reform progress. Where public support for reform is high, reform proceeds more quickly. This effect remains strong even when controlling for the endogeneity of public support and other economic and political causes of reform, though it is strongest in more democratic countries. These results suggest that economic reform may be better promoted by persuading the public of the beneficial consequences of reform than by trying to insulate reformers from the public, and that the quality of democracy in the region may be higher than commonly perceived.</P>
Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy in the emergency setting
Robert Lee,Carolyn Dupuis,Byron Chen,Andrew Smith,Young H. Kim 대한초음파의학회 2018 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.37 No.1
Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterine endometrial cavity. For women presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy is an important diagnostic consideration. The diagnosis is made based on laboratory values and ultrasound imaging findings. The ultrasound appearance of both normal early pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy are variable and often subtle, presenting diagnostic challenges for radiologists. This pictorial essay describes and illustrates the sonographic findings of ectopic pregnancy and reviews the differential diagnoses that can mimic ectopic pregnancy on ultrasound. With the possibility of medical management, the value of early detection and prompt initiation of treatment has increased in improving clinical outcomes and preventing the complications of ectopic pregnancy
Light Emission from Silicon Nanocrystals - Size Does Matter !
Robert G. Elliman,Andrew R. Wilkinson,Barry Luther-Davies,Marc G. Spooner,Marek Samoc,Max J. Lederer,Nathanael Smith,Tessica D.M. Weijers 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.3
A brief overview of two recent Si nanocrystal studies undertaken at the Australian National University is presented: recent work on hydrogen passivation of non-radiative defects and attempts to measure optical gain in waveguide structures. In the rst study, a generalized treatment of hydrogen passivation and desorption is employed to model the in uence of hydrogen on silicon nanocrystal luminescence. Values for reaction-rate parameters are determined from the model and found to be in excellent agreement with values previously determined for paramagnetic Si danglingbond defects (Pb-type centers) found at planar Si/SiO2 interfaces. In the second study, an attempt is made to measure optical gain in silicon nanocrystals by monitoring the intensity of a probe beam propagating in a waveguide structure containing silicon nanocrystals during photo-excitation of the nanocrystals. The probe beam is shown to be attenuated by the excitation demonstrating the dominance of absorptive processes. No gain was observed.
Morton Andrew,Williams Michael,Perera Marlon,Ranasinghe Sachinka,Teloken Patrick E.,Williams Marissa,Chung Eric,Roberts Matthew J. 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.1
Purpose: Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is commonly used for various causes of androgen deficiency and subsidized by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia when appropriate. In response to a sharp increase in the prescribing of subsidized TRT, the Australian government instituted new, stricter prescription criteria in April 2015. We aim to demonstrate longitudinal changes in the prescription patterns of subsidized TRT over time. Materials and Methods: The publicly available PBS database was accessed for TRT prescription data between 1992–2018. Population estimate data was collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics for population-adjustment. Data analysis was performed according to class and specific formulation of TRT. Total and population-adjusted trends were considered, as was indexation to 2015 when restrictions were implemented. Results: Longitudinal trends in subsidized TRT prescription demonstrated a progressive overall increase since 2000, according to total prescriptions and population-adjusted estimates, with greater use of topical formulations (gel, patch, cream/spray) and injections. Since 2015, a 37% decline in total population-adjusted prescriptions was observed (1,399–883 per 100,000 persons). Since 2015, relatively increased use of injections (50%) and 1% gel (30%) comprise the majority of contemporary TRT. Annual financial burden due to TRT was $AU16,768 per 100,000 persons prior to 2000 (mean cost 1992–2000), increasing to $AU112,539 in 2018 (due to use of injections). The rate of change in costs slowed after the restrictions were introduced in 2015. Conclusions: The restrictions in subsidized TRT eligibility enforced by the PBS have reduced overall TRT prescriptions and slowed the cumulative financial burden.
Berwanger Robert P.,Hoover Madeline C.,Scott John A.,DeNardo Andrew J.,Amuluru Krishna,Payner Troy D.,Kulwin Charles G.,Sahlein Daniel H. 대한신경중재치료의학회 2022 Neurointervention Vol.17 No.2
Prompt, effective treatment is necessary following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage to prevent recurrent rupture, which is thought to double mortality. Atypical ruptured aneurysms, such as blister or dissecting pseudoaneurysms, or those that are unusually distal in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are challenging to treat with either open or endovascular options, though the pipeline embolization device (PED) has shown promise in multiple case series. We present a case of a ruptured dissecting pseudoaneurysm in the distal MCA (distal M3/proximal M4) prefrontal division in an healthy young patient (<60 years) successfully treated with a PED. The PED was chosen both as the only vessel sparing option in the young patient as well as for its potential as a vessel sacrifice tool if the pseudoaneurysm was felt to be incompletely treated, which in this case was not necessary—though would have leveraged the thrombogenicity of the device as a therapeutic advantage.
Christ, Andrew J.,Talaia-Murray, Manique,Elking, Natalie,Domack, Eugene W.,Leventer, Amy,Lavoie, Caroline,Brachfeld, Stefanie,Yoo, Kyu-Cheul,Gilbert, Robert,Jeong, Sun-Mi,Petrushak, Stephen,Wellner, J Geological Society of America 2015 Geological Society of America bulletin Vol.127 No.1
<P>Three marine sediment cores were collected along the length of the fjord axis of Barilari Bay, Graham Land, west Antarctic Peninsula (65°55′S, 64°43′W). Multi-proxy analytical results constrained by high-resolution geochronological methods (<SUP>210</SUP>Pb, radiocarbon, <SUP>137</SUP>Cs) in concert with historical observations capture a record of Holocene paleoenvironmental variability. Our results suggest early and middle Holocene (>7022–2815 cal. [calibrated] yr B.P.) retreated glacial positions and seasonally open marine conditions with increased primary productivity. Climatic cooling increased sea ice coverage and decreased primary productivity during the Neoglacial (2815 to cal. 730 cal. yr B.P.). This climatic cooling culminated with glacial advance to maximum Holocene positions and expansion of a fjord-wide ice shelf during the Little Ice Age (LIA) (ca. 730–82 cal. yr B.P.). Seasonally open marine conditions were achieved and remnant ice shelves decayed within the context of recent rapid regional warming (82 cal. yr B.P. to present). Our findings agree with previously observed late Holocene cooling and glacial advance across the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting that the LIA was a regionally significant event with few disparities in timing and magnitude. Comparison of the LIA Antarctic Peninsula record to the rest of the Southern Hemisphere demonstrates close synchronicity in the southeast Pacific and southern most Atlantic region but less coherence for the southwest Pacific and Indian Oceans. Comparisons with the Northern Hemisphere demonstrate that the LIA Antarctic Peninsula record was contemporaneous with pre-LIA cooling and sea ice expansion in the North Atlantic–Arctic, suggesting a global reach for these events.</P>
Hay, Andrew,Parlane, Robert Sustainable Building Research Center 2010 International journal of sustainable building tech Vol.1 No.1
The Centre for Excellence is being designed as a highly innovative, two-storey multi-purpose facility that will provide essential trades and technology training and professional development to students in British Columbia, Canada and beyond. The building will support a syllabus with a focus on sustainable building technologies and processes, and the development and application of alternative and renewable energy. Design work and construction will be completed in time for the building to open in April 2011. The Centre for Excellence will also host an incubator organization to provide tenancy space for start-up innovation and research companies specializing in sustainable technologies. This building project is unique from a number of perspectives. It is aimed at attaining the highest standard of sustainable building design, namely the Living Building Challenge. Further, the building itself will become an essential element of the educational programs that will reside there, mainly focused on building trades and engineering technologies. In addition, the Okanagan Research Innovation Centre will be incorporated into the building, providing opportunities for start-up companies to develop and prototype new green technologies in a supportive and synergistic environment. Finally, this building is being constructed in the somewhat challenging climatic regime of the Okanagan region of Canada. The most important element of this project is that is will demonstrate that the Living Building Challenge is achievable at a cost comparable to conventional building design. The paper will focus on how this ambitious goal will be attained along with the numerous unique aspects that have been incorporated into the building design.