Synergistic Phytochemicals Fail to Protect Against Ovariectomy Induced Bone Loss in Rats

Suresh Ambati,Colette N. Miller,Erica F. Bass,Natalie M. Hohos,Diane L. Hartzell,Emily W. Kelso,Emily R. Trunnell,양정예,Mary Anne Della-Fera,Clifton A. Baile,Srujana Rayalam 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.10

Menopause induces a loss of bone as a result of estrogen deficiency. Despite pharmaceutical options for the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis, many aging women use dietary supplements with estrogenic activity to prevent bone loss and other menopausal-related symptoms. Such supplements are yet to be tested for efficacy against a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication for menopausal bone loss such as zoledronic acid (ZA). The postmenopausal rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of various synergistic phytochemical blends mixed into the diet for 16 weeks. Retired-breeder, Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to sham or ovariectomy surgery and 4 treatment groups: ZA; genistein supplementation; and a low dose and high dose blend of genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin. Ovariectomy resulted in a loss of both trabecular and cortical bone which was prevented with ZA. The phytochemical blends tested were unable to reverse these losses. Despite the lack of effectiveness in preventing bone loss, a significant dose–response trend was observed in the phytochemical-rich diets in bone adipocyte number compared to ovariectomized control rats. Data from this study indicate that estrogenic phytochemicals are not as efficacious as ZA in preventing menopausal-related bone loss but may have beneficial effects on bone marrow adiposity in rats.

Assessment on the Effects of Transponder Parameters towards MPSKBER Performance

Satish Ambati,Jungwan Kim,Moon-Hee You,Seong-Pal Lee 대한전자공학회 2004 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2004 No.7

DentalVibe^Ⓡ versus lignocaine hydrochloride 2% gel in pain reduction during inferior alveolar nerve block in children

Menni, Alekhya Chowdary,Radhakrishna, Ambati Naga,Prasad, M. Ghanashyam The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2020 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.20 No.6

Background: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most common, painful, and anxiety-provoking procedure involving needle insertion for anesthetic solution deposition. DentalVibeⓇ (DV) delivers vibration at a sustained frequency as a counter-stimulation to the site of injection, thereby alleviating pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of DV and lignocaine hydrochloride 2% gel (Lox 2% jelly) in pain reduction during IANB in children. Methods: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was designed with a sample of 60 children (age, 6 to 12 years) requiring bilateral IANB for various dental procedures; DV was used while administering IANB and Lox 2% jelly was used as the topical anesthetic before administering IANB at subsequent appointments. During both appointments, pain perception was measured using the sound, eye, motor (SEM) scale and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPRS); oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate were measured using a pulse oximeter before, during, and after the IANB procedure. The obtained values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Wilcoxon test was used for intergroup comparison, and Friedman test, for intragroup comparison of measured variables at different treatment phases. Results: The medians and interquartile ranges of the WBFPRS scores recorded during the IANB procedure for DV and Lox 2% jelly were 2 (2-4) and 2 (0-2), respectively (P < 0.05). The SEM scale scores, mean SpO2, and pulse rate did not show any significant differences during the IANB procedure between both treatments. Conclusion: Both DV and Lox 2% jelly were found to be effective in pain reduction during IANB in children.

Modified Smith Predictor Based Parallel Cascade Control Strategy for Non-Self Regulating Time Delay Processes

Uma, Srinivasan,Rao, Ambati Seshagiri,Kim, JeongTai,Yoo, ChangKyoo The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan 2011 Journal of chemical engineering of Japan Vol.44 No.8

<P>Modified Smith predictor based parallel cascade control strategy is proposed for enhanced control of non-self regulating processes involving time delays. Modified Smith predictor is integrated in the primary loop of the parallel cascade control structure to enhance the closed loop performance. The proposed structures consist of two control loops, a secondary inner loop and a primary outer loop. The secondary loop controller is designed using the internal model control (IMC) method. Then, the primary loop controllers are designed after identifying the overall primary process model. The primary loop has two controllers meant for set point tracking and good disturbance rejection and designed using direct synthesis method. The primary set point tracking controller is designed as a PID with lag filter and the primary disturbance rejection controller is designed as a PID with lead-lag filter. For comparison, a simple parallel cascade control is also applied to non-self regulating time delay processes. Simulation studies have been carried out on various unstable and integrating processes. The proposed method provides enhanced closed loop performances compared to that of simple parallel cascade control.</P>

Combined Effects of Genistein, Quercetin, and Resveratrol in Human and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Hea Jin Park,Jeong-Yeh Yang,Suresh Ambati,Mary Anne Della-Fera,Dorothy B. Hausman,Srujana Rayalam,Clifton A. Baile 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.4

The natural compounds genistein (G), quercetin (Q), and resveratrol (R) have been reported to each exhibit anti-adipogenic activities in adipocytes and antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in several cell types. We studied the combined effects of G, Q, and R on adipogenesis and apoptosis in primary human adipocytes (HAs) and 3T3-L1 murine adipocyte (MAs). Combined treatment with 6.25 μM G, 12.5 μM Q, and 12.5 μM R during the 14-day differentiation period caused an enhanced inhibition of lipid accumulation in maturing HAs that was greater than the responses to individual compounds and to the calculated additive response. Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, a marker of late adipocyte differentiation, was decreased markedly in HAs treated with the combination of G+Q+R. In addition, combined treatment with 50 μM G, 100 μM Q, and 100 μM R for 3 days decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in early- and mid- phase maturing and lipid-filled mature HAs. In contrast, no compound alone induced apoptosis. Oil Red O stain and Hoechst 33342 stain were performed to confirm the effects on lipid accumulation and apoptosis, respectively. We also determined whether MAs responded to the combination treatment similarly to HAs. As in HAs, G+Q+R treatment decreased lipid accumulation in maturing MAs and increased apoptosis in pre- and lipid-filled mature MAs more than the responses to G, Q, and R when used separately. These results show that lower concentrations of combined treatments with several natural compounds may be useful for treatments for obesity through the suppression of adipogenesis and enhanced adipocyte apoptosis.

Large-diameter Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty: An Alternative Treatment for Mooren Ulcer

조양경,Sun-Young Lee,조의주,Balamurali K Ambati 대한안과학회 2020 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.34 No.5

Synthesis, characterization and spectral studies of various newer long chain aliphatic acid (2-hydroxy benzylidene and 1H-indol-3-ylmethylene) hydrazides as mosquito para-pheromones

Awasthi, Suman,Rishishwar, Poonam,Rao, Ambati N.,Ganesan, Kumaran,Malhotra, Ramesh Chandra Korean Chemical Society 2007 대한화학회지 Vol.51 No.6

여러가지 긴 사슬 지방산 하이드라지드는 방향족과 헤테로 고리 알데히드와 반응하여 알코올 용매하에서 2- hydroxy benzylidene와 새로운 모기 파라-페로몬인1H-indol-3-ylmethylene hydrazides을 얻었다. 마이크로파의 조사기 술과 마찬가지로 전통적인 방법에 의한 다양한 새로운 긴고리 지방산 하이드라지드 (2-hydroxy benzylidene와 1Hindol- 3-ylmethylene)의 합성방법도 보고한다. 이 화합물들의 구조는 FTIR, NMR & MS와 같은 분광학적 기법에 의해 증명되었다. 이 화합물의 전자충격질량스펙트럼 분쇄 패턴의 몇 가지 재미있는 특징도 논의했다. Various long chain aliphatic acid hydrazides react with aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes in alcoholic medium in refluxing conditions to give corresponding 2-hydroxy benzylidene and 1H-indol-3-ylmethylene hydrazides, a newer class of mosquito para-pheromones. We describe here synthesis of various novel long chain aliphatic acid (2- hydroxy benzylidene and 1H-indol-3-ylmethylene) hydrazides by conventional as well as microwave irradiation techniques. The structures of these compounds have been confirmed by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, NMR & MS). Some of the interesting features of the electron impact mass spectral fragmentation pattern of these compounds have also been discussed.

A systematic model calibration methodology based on multiple errors minimization method for the optimal parameter estimation of ASM1

JungJin Lim,유창규,MinHan Kim,김민정,TaeSuk Oh,OnYu Kang,민부기,Ambati Seshagiri Rao 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.3

A one-step model calibration methodology of the activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is proposed. First, the key parameters among all parameters of the ASM1 model are selected by sensitivity analysis based on the effluent quality index. Second, multiple response surface methodology (MRSM) is conducted to find the optimal parameter values of the ASM1 model. Lastly, an MRSM analysis is conducted in order to determine the optimal parameter values. This study was conducted in order to develop a new systematic model calibration methodology that can greatly help the modeler to find the optimal solution by selecting the key parameters and optimizing the parameters. In two case studies of simple activated sludge process and a full-scale plant,the experimental results indicated that the calibrated models can improve the prediction quality of the ASM model and the efficiency of the modeling.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Xanthohumol Plus Guggulsterone in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Rayalam, Srujana,Yang, Jeong-Yeh,Della-Fera, Mary Anne,Park, Hea-Jin,Ambati, Suresh,Baile, Clifton A. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4

Xanthohumol (XN) and guggulsterone (GS) have each been shown to inhibit adipogenesis and induce apoptosis in adipocytes. In the present study effects of the combination of XN+GS on 3T3-L1 adipocyte apoptosis and adipogenesis were investigated. Mature adipocytes were treated with XN and GS individually and in combination. XN and GS individually decreased cell viability, but XN+GS caused an enhanced decrease in viability and potentiated induction of apoptosis. Likewise, XN+GS caused a potentiated increase in caspase-3/7 activation, whereas neither of the compounds showed any effect individually. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that XN+GS increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression, whereas individual compounds did not show any significant effect. XN and GS both decreased lipid accumulation. Individually, XN at $1.5\;{\mu}M$ and GS at $3.12\;{\mu}M$ decreased lipid accumulation by $26\;{\pm}\;4.5%$ (P < .001) each, whereas XN1.5+GS3.12 decreased lipid accumulation by $78.2\;{\pm}\;1.8% (P < .001). Moreover, expression of the adipocyte-specific proteins was down-regulated with XN1.5+GS3.12, but no effect was observed with the individual compounds. Finally, XN+GS caused an enhanced stimulation of lipolysis. Thus, combination of XN and GS is more potent in exerting anti-obesity effects than additive effects of the individual compounds.

Octanoate and Decanoate Induce Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Jeong-Yeh Yang,Srujana Rayalam,Mary Anne Della-Fera,Suresh Ambati,Clifton A. Baile 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.5

The effect of octanoate and decanoate, respectively, eight- and 10-carbon medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), on apoptotic signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with various concentrations of octanoate or decanoate. Cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were investigated. Results indicated that both octanoate and decanoate decreased viability, increased apoptosis, and increased reactive oxygen species production. Immunoblotting analysis showed an increase in the levels of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by octanoate and decanoate. Concomitantly, we observed that pro-caspase-3 was decreased, resulting in the induced accumulation of the cleaved form of caspase-3 by both octanoate and decanoate. In addition, both octanoate and decanoate increased the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax with an accompanied decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. These results show that octanoate and decanoate mediate adipocyte apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MCFAs thus decrease adipocyte number by initiating the apoptotic process in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.