Nematicidal and egg‐hatching inhibition activities of Kaempferia galanga rhizome‐derived materials and constituents toward root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

Tae‐Kyun Hong,Kym‐Na‐Ra Hwang,Jun‐Ran Kim,Young‐Joon Ahn 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

The toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome materials and constituents against Meloidogyne incognita second‐stage juveniles (J2) and eggs were examined. The active principles of K. galanga rhizome were identified as the phenylpropanoids ethyl (E)‐cinnamate (EC, 1) and ethyl (E)‐p‐methoxycinnamate (EMC, 2) by spectroscopic analysis. Results were compared with those of carbofuran, fosthiazate, and metam‐sodium. In direct‐contact mortality bioassay, EC (LC50, 0.037 mg/ml) was the most toxic constituent, followed by EMC (0.041 mg/ml). EC was more effective than carbofuran (LC50, 0.092 mg/ml) but less active than fosthiazate (0.002 mg/ml). EC, egg hatch was inhibited 100, 93, and 87% at 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml, respectively. EMC caused 100, 81, and 75% inhibition of egg hatch at 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml, respectively. The inhibition of two phenylpropanoids were similar or more inhibition to that of either carbofuran or metam‐sodium but was lower than that of fosthiazate. In contact + fumigant mortality bioassay, EC and EMC treatments resulted in 86 and c 73% mortality at 0.5 and 0.125 mg/g soil, respectively. The lethality of these phenylpropanoids was almost similar to that of either carbofuran or metam‐sodium but was lower than that of fosthiazate. In vapor‐phase mortality bioassay, EC and EMC were more effective in closed container than open containers, indicating that the mode of delivery of these compounds was, in part, a result of vapor action. K. galanga rhizome‐derived materials, merit further study as potential nematicides and hatching inhibitors for the control of M. incognita populations.

16S와 23S rRNA에 결합하는 probe를 이용한 겨울철 소양호 세균 군집 구조의 분석

홍선희,변명섭,안태석 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

겨울철 소양호에서 세균 군집 구조를 파악하고자 총세균수와 EUB338, ALF1b, BET4a, GAM42a와 CF probe등 fluorescent rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probe와 반응하는 세균 개체수를 수심별로 측정하였다. 총세균수는 0.7×10^(6)~1.1×10^(6)cell·㎖^(-1)이였으며, 5m와 10m 수층에서 높게 나타났다. 총세균수에 대한, Eubacteria의 비율은 34~90%이였으며, 5m와 10m에서 낮게 나타났다. Proteobacteria α-group은 Eubacteria의 10.8-28.7%, β-group은 4.5-53.5%, γ-group은 4.9-35.5%, 그리고 Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group은 6.1-21.1%이였다. 0.5m 수심에서는 β-group이 28.6-53.3%로 우점하고 있었으며, 10m에서는 γ-group이 35.5%로 우점하였다. 30, 50m 수심에서는 α-group과 Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group이 우점하였다. 세균 군집 구조로 보면 0-2m, 5-10m 그리고 30-50 m의 3개층은 각각 독특한 특징을 나타내었다. 이 방법으로 호수 생태계에 대한 새로운 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. To scrutinize the bacterial community composition of Lake Soyang in winter, bacterial numbers blonging to Eubacteria, Proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group were estimated by using 16S and 23S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Total bacterial numbers ranged from 0.7Χ10^(6)~1.1Χ10^(6)cell ·㎖^(-1)and vertical profile of total bacteria showed a peak at 5m and 10m depths those were low exhibiting, 39 and 34%, respectively, The percentage of proteobacteria α-group ranged 10.8~28.7%, β-group 4.5~535%, Υ-group 4.9~35.5% and Cytophaga-Flavobacterum group 6.1~21.1%. The dominant groups were β-group at 0, 2 and 5m Υ-group at 10m, α-group at 30m and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group at 50m depth. In winter season, Lake Soyang can be divided into into three layer, 0~2m, 5~20m and 30~50m, by bacteria community composition. By this method, new informations about aquatic ecostem were developed.

Flurescent In Situ Hybridization방법으로 분석한 소양호 세균 군집 구조의 졔절적 변화

홍선희,안태석 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

소양호에서 세균군집의 계절적, 수심별 변화를 파악하고자 총세균수와 EUB338, ALF1b, BET42a, GAM42a와 CF probe 등 fluorescent rRNA targeted oHgonucleotide probe와 반응하는 세균 개체수를 측정하였다. 총세균수는 0.5~2.01×10^(4)cell·㎖이였으며, 2m와 5m 수층에서 높게 나타났다. 총세균수에 대한 Eubacteria의 비율은 22~100%였고 Proteobacteria α-group은 Eubacteria의 2.6~66.7%, β-group은 4.5~53.5%, γ-group은 4.6~7.6%, 그리고 Cylophaga-Flavobacterium group은 2.1~35.9%이였다. 또한 세균군집은 계절별, 수심별로 다양한 변화를 보여, 겨울철을 β-group이, 봄철과 초여름철은 γ-group이, 여름철은 α-group이 우점하였고, Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group이 특징적으로 우점하는 시기는 없었다. 이러한 세균 군집 구조의 분포로 계절별, 수심별로 호수에 대한 독특한 특징을 알 수 있었다. To define the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in the aqutic ecosystem, Lake Soyang, the largest artificial reservoir in Korea, a new method, fluorescent in situ hybridization was applied. This technique relies on the specific hybridization of the nucleic acid probes to the naturally amplified intracellular rRNA. By this method, the bacterial community composition of Lake Soyang and bacterial numbers belong to eubacteria, proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacteria group were estimated. Total bacterial numbers ranged from 0.3×10^(6)~2.O×10^(6)cells · ml^(-1), and vertical profile of total bacteria showed the peak at 2 and 5 m depths. The ratio of eu-bacteria to total bacteria were 22~100% and varied wuth depth and season. The percentage of Prothobacteria α-group ranged 2.6~66.7%, β-group 4.5~ 53.5%, γ-group 4.6~70.7% and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group 2.1~35.9%. Also, bacterial community had spatial and temporal characteristics. The dominant groups were β-group in winter, γ-group in spring and early summer and α-group in summer.

Factor analysis of Water Quality and Ecosystem in Jinhae Bay

홍순우,하영칠,안태석 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

진해만의 6개 정점의 표·지층에서 1976년 7월부터 1982년 12월까지 물리화학적, 생물학적인 환경요소를 65회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 이들 자료를 통계학적인 분석을 통하여 진해만의 수질및 생태계에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 그 결과 행암만 내부에 위치한 정점 6 을 제외한 전 해역에서 식물성 플랑크톤의 이상증식이 주요한 요인으로 생태계의 44∼56%의 변화를 설명할 수 있었으며, 정점 6 에서는 영양염류가 중요한 요인이 됨을 알았다. 두번째 요인으로는 담수의 유입으로 볼 수 있었으며, 이 요인은 외해로 나갈수록 그 영향이 적어져, 정점 4 에서는 의미가 없었다. 질소의 유입도 각 정점에서 주요한 요인이었으며, 그 외에 유기물의 증가, 도시하수의 유입, 영양염류의 침전 및 미생물에 의한 염류의 재순환과 광합성이 진해만에서의 수질과 생태계를 지배하는 주요 요인으로 확인되었다. In Jinhae bay, the physicochemical, biological and ecological surveys were carried out 65times at six sites both insurface and bottom water from July 1976 to December 1982. Twenty one abiotic andbiotic parameters were determined on each sample. These data were subjected to factor analysis to scrutinize the effects of environmental conditions on water quality and ecosystem. The phytoplankto blooming was the major factor of the variance of the water quality and ecosystem in Jinhae bay. Fresh water inflow was second factor at site 1 and 6, and it was third factor in site 3 and 5. The nitrogen inflow was also play an improtant role, which was second factor at site 2, 3, 4 and 5, and third factor at site 1. Beside above factors, the increasing of organic materials, waste water in flow, precipitation and recycling of nutrients, upwelling of sediment, nutrient, salts and photosynthesis were also determined for the variation of water quality and ecosystem.

일 농촌지역에서 발기부전의 유병률 및 상관 요인

홍진표,송해철,이무송,이창화,안준호,한오수,안태영,김성윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rural area of Korea and to examine the relationship between the prevalence and correlates of subjects. Method : This study was done as a part of the chronic disease survey of rural area by the Asan Foundation. Among 30 years or older population from Jung Eup, a rural area of Korea, 711 male subjects were sampled using a cluster probability sampling method. Trained interviewers visited and interviewed subjects aged 30 years or older with a structured interview. ED was categorized as 'none', 'mild', 'moderate', or 'severe' according to the ability to 'attain and/or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse'. Response rate was 54.3% (N=386). Results : The age weighted prevalence of ED was 27.2% (minimal 14.1%, moderate 7.6%, severe 5.5%). Prevalence and severity increased with age. Liver disease and underweight were significantly (p<0.05) associated with ED. Smoking seemed to be correlated with ED, but did not reach statistically significant level. Conclusion : ED was highly prevalent in the rural community of Korea. Medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients at risk for ED and offer insight to its etiology.

16S와 23S rRNA에 결합하는 Probe를 이용한 겨울철 소양호 세균 군집 구조의 분석

홍선희,변명섭,안태석 한국동물학회 1995 동물학회지 Vol.38 No.4

자유곡면으로부터 단면정보를 이용한 황삭계획에 관한 연구

안대건,최홍태,이석희 한국경영과학회 1994 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1

This study deals with roughing planning by cross sectional information generated from sculptured surfaces. Bicubic Bezier surface is adopted as sculptured surfaces in this paper. The system consists of 3 parts : (1) modeling sculptured surface, (2) reconstruction of cross-section in 2D coordinates, (3) determination of roughing tool path with structural data. The system is developed by using IBM-PC in the environment of Auto CAD R11, AutoLISP and MetaWare High C. The proposed system shows an efficient algorithm for roughing planning with cross sectional informaiton.

장기증분원가의 산출과 활용에 관한 비판적 검토 : 통신산업의 사례 A Case of Telecommunication Industry

홍철규,안태식 대한경영학회 2003 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

Traditionally, regulators have relied on accounting-based historical costs for price regulation in regulated industries including telecommunications, electricity and gas. With the introduction of competition, however, the economic cost called 'long run incremental cost (LRIC)' is increasingly being adopted in these fields. This study critically analyses and discusses from the accounting and economics perspectives the 'standard cost model' which was recently developed to compute LRIC in the Korean telecommunications industry. A special attention is paid to the issues: assumptions about the degree of efficiency, departure from economic capital costs, errors on the limited utilisation of cost drivers and cost estimation, capacity costing and sensitivity, unbalanced burden of risk(real option). This cost model produces costs conceptually different from accounting costs. However, accounting scholars need to pay attention to the economic cost model as it is an important case where the abstract concept of an economic cost was applied to a real world situation. In addition, LRIC has relevance to strategic management accounting since LRIC is conceptually similar to the costs which new efficient entrants would incur and thus allows firms to understand their competitive positions. This study has also important implications for management accounting practitioners who are expected to provide cost information of the firm itself as well as outside information including regulatory environment, competitors' strategies, and new production processes and technologies etc.

Cytokine and Tumor Environments

Jin Tae Hong1*, Ju Kyung Song, Sun Mi Kwon, Byung Woo Ahn, Youngsoo Kim, Sang Bae Han 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.1

Cytokines are known to function as regulatory molecules that can be produced by virtually every nucleated cell type in the body, including lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and many others. Cytokines include lymphocyte-derived factors (lymphokines), monocyte-derived factors (monokines), hematopoietic factors (colony-stimulating factors), connective tissue/growth factors, and chemotactic chemokines. Cytokines released in response to infection can affect tumor development in different ways. When exposed to infectious agents, cytokines are secreted by sentinel cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. These cytokines include interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as others, such as IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18. When released in sufficient quantities, these molecules can cause inflammation. Chronic inflammation is highly associated with tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. In this article, we review the roles and mechanisms of cytokines in tumor development.

그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력

최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.