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Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Pardeep Singh,Pankaj Raizada,Abdullah M. Asiri 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.98 No.-
In this work, a dual Z-scheme Ag3PO4/CdS/Fe-g-C3N4 (AP/CdS/FeCN) photocatalyst was prepared byprecipitation- deposition method. AP/CdS/FeCN photocatalyst was converted into the heterogenousphoto-Fenton system with the addition of H2O2. The synergistic coupling between AP/CdS/FeCN andH2O2 resulted in enhanced for phenol degradation, with a rate constant of constant 6.2 10 4 s-1, which is1.31 and 1.61 times than that of AP/CdS/FeCN and Fe2O3/H2O2. The enhancement in photodegradationwas attributed to (i) more regeneration of Fe2+ ions, (ii) enhanced visible light absorption, (iii) elevatedredox potential due to more hydroxyl radical’s formation, and (iv) low Fe leaching in the reactionsolution. As indicated by EIS, PL, and trapping experiments, photoinduced CB electrons of g-C3N4 and CdSwere transferred entirely to Fe3+ to regenerate Fe2+ ions to accelerate the Fenton cycle. In comparison tothe conventional Fe2O3/H2O2 Fenton process, Fe ion leaching in AP/CdS/FeCN/H2O2 catalytic system wasalmost negligible. It confirmed strong chemical interaction of Fe3+ with g-C3N4. AP/CdS/FeCN/H2O2displayed significant catalytic efficacy andfirmness forfive successive catalytic cycles. Moreover, the AP/CdS/FeCN/H2O2 nanocomposite exhibited substantial mineralization perfomance for other phenolicpollutants. The results demonstrate that AP/CdS/FeCN/H2O2 catalytic system has the potential for waterpurification.
Lysine Requirement of Broiler Chickens Fed Low-density Diets under Tropical Conditions
Aftab, Usama,Ashraf, Muhammad,Mumtaz, Abdul Samad,Jiang, Zhirong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.6
Two experiments were conducted to determine the lysine requirement of straight-run broiler chickens ($Hubbard{\times}Hubbard$) during the period 4-21 (Exp. 1) and 21-40 (Exp. 2) days of age. Experiments were conducted during the summer months (June-August) in open-sided houses, thus exposing chicks to chronic heat stress. Daily min-max temperature averaged $28-40^{\circ}C$ (Exp. 1) and $28-36^{\circ}C$ (Exp. 2). Lysine deficient basal diets were formulated to contain low-nutrient-density, i.e., 2,700 kcal per kg ME, 18.6% CP (Exp. 1), and 2,750 kcal per kg ME, 17.1% CP (Exp. 2), to mimic typical commercial broiler diets used in Pakistan. Diets were supplemented with L-lysine HCl to provide total lysine level ranging from 0.85 to 1.10% (six increments) and 0.72 to 1.02% (six increments), respectively in Exp. 1 and 2. Live performance data were subjected to quadratic analysis and requirement was defined as the level achieving 95% of maximum or minimum values. Lysine requirements were found to be 0.98 and 0.97% total lysine, respectively, for gain and feed efficiency during 4-21 days, and 0.87% total lysine for both gain and feed efficiency during 21-40 days of age. Calculated on a digestible lysine basis, the estimates were 0.85 and 0.84%, respectively, for gain and feed efficiency during 4-21 days of age; and 0.75% for gain and feed efficiency during 21-40 days of age.
Aftab, Bilal,Cho, Jinwoo,Shin, Hyun Sang,Hur, Jin Elsevier 2020 Waste management Vol.102 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pretreatment processes substantially modify the organic composition of landfill leachate, which affect the fouling behavior in the post-treatment of membrane filtration. In this study, the changes in the chemical composition of stabilized landfill leachate upon various pretreatments, which encompassed coagulation/flocculation (C/F), ion exchange resins (MIEX), granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, and their combinations, were tracked via excitation emission matrix - parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), and the membrane fouling potentials were assessed in the subsequent processes of nanofiltration (NF). Fluorescence components, fulvic-like (C1), protein-like (C2), and humic-like (C3), were identified and validated using EEM-PARAFAC. MIEX and C/F pretreatments were not effective to remove C1 and C2, which were associated with relatively small sized and hydrophilic molecules. GAC adsorption did not show any preference with the removal towards different components. These differences in the chemical heterogeneity among the variously pretreated leachates led to the discrepancies in membrane fluxes at a similar leachate concentration. The result also signified the importance of probing the chemical composition of pretreated leachate for the optimization of the post membrane filtration. The sum of C2 and C3 in the pretreated leachate showed a good correlation with reversible membrane fouling resistance (r = 0.93; p < 0.05), while C1 was highly correlated with irreversible membrane resistance (r = 0.872; P < 0.05). These findings provided a new insight into the applicability of fluorescence spectroscopy for tracking the changes in the membrane fouling potential of stabilized landfill leachate after various pretreatments.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Removal extent was different depending on fluorescent components. </LI> <LI> Pretreatment using different options led to dissimilar membrane fluxes in NF. </LI> <LI> Tryptophan- and humic-like components are small and large molecules, respectively. </LI> <LI> Fluorescent components can be suggested as the surrogates for membrane foulants. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Aftab Ahmad Khan,김종오 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.96 No.-
This study aimed to prepare a membrane by engineering a “slippery” surface on a polyethersulfone (PES)membrane for long-term, direct-contact membrane distillation (DCMD). Membrane surfaces andwettability were analyzed usingfield-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy,and attenuated total reflection–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Contact angles and liquid entrypressures also were measured. The wetting and fouling-resistance competence of the modified PESmembrane (PES-M) in DCMD was assessed using two hypersaline feed solutions, i.e., multiple salts(2000 mg L 1 [CaSO4 + CaCO3 + CaCl2 2H2O + NaCl]) + 20 mg L 1 humic acid (MSHA-F) and Busan seawaterfeed. The effectiveness of the PES-M membrane against the MSHA-F solution was evaluated over multiplecycles. The membrane was cleaned after each 50-h cycle and successfully reused for three consecutivecycles after cleaning with a clean-in-place method. The PES-M membrane displayed robust performanceagainst both feeds, particularly against MSHA-F for 150 h, during which it lost only 20%flux and showed afinal conductivity of 68.8 mS/cm. The PES-M membrane is a resilient candidate that can resist fouling andwetting.
Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Abdullah M. Asiri,Anish Khan,Naved Azum,Malik Abdul Rub,Mohammed M. Rahman,Sher Bahadar Khan,K. S. Siddiqi,Khalid A. Alamry 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.2
The reactions of Cefuroxime (CFA) by hexacyanoferrate (III) (HCF(III)) in alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength has been studied spectrophotometrically. It is a first order reaction, but fractional order in both CFA and alkali. Decrease in dielectric constant of the medium decreases the rate of reaction. The effect of added products and ionic strength has also been investigated. A mechanism involving free radicals is proposed. In a composite equilibrium step, CFA binds to HCF(III) to form a complex that subsequently decomposes to the products. The main two products were separated and identified by column chromatography, TLC and FT-IR. There is good agreement between the observed and calculated rate constants under different experimental conditions. The reaction was studied at different temperatures and activation parameters were computed with respect to the slow step of the proposed mechanism.
Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Anish Khan,Abdullah M. Asiri,Malik Abdul Rub 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5
In this paper provides the mechanistic investigation of Mn(II)-catalyzed oxidative of biotin (BTN) has been studied by peroxomonosulphate (PMS) in alkaline medium at 293–308 K with a constant ionic strength. Such studies are much helpful in gaining an insight into the interaction of metal ions through the study of the mechanistic pathway of biotin in redox reactions. The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1 in the presence of catalyst. The reaction shows polymerization in the presence of acrylonitrile under the experimental conditions employed. Influence of dielectric constant and ionic strength of the medium on the reaction rate have been done. Manganese peroxide was proposed as the intermediate to explain the experimental observations. Temperature effect is noticeable in all these reactions and activation parameters have been determined. The effect of temperature was evaluated by Arrhenius equation and transition state theory, a mechanism was proposed based on the observation of the experimental results. It involves the formation of an activated complex, which decomposes to give the product. It is identified with the help of FTIR and TLC.
Optogenetics Applications for Treating Spinal Cord Injury
Aftab Ahmad,Sadia Ashraf,Shoji Komai 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.2
Cases of spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasing all over the world; and in USA alone, there are 273,000 patients, which not only leads to morbidity and mortality but also results in a great economic burden. Many approaches are being used at the pre-clinical and clinical level to treat SCI including therapeutic agents, surgical decompression, stem cell therapy etc. Recently, a new approach called optogenetics has emerged in which light sensitive proteins are used to switch neurons on and off, and this approach has great potential to be used as therapy due to its specificity and rapid response in milliseconds. Few animal studies have been performed so far in which the respiratory and bladder function of rats was restored through the use of optogenetics. On the basis of promising results obtained, in the future, this approach can prove to be a valuable tool to treat patients with SCI.