Characterization of Cooked Meat Models using Grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens ) Soluble Protein Extracted by Alkalisation and Ultrasound as Meat-Extender

Salvador Osvaldo Cruz-López,Héctor Bernardo Escalona-Buendía,Angélica Román-Guerrero,Julieta Domínguez-Soberanes,Yenizey Merit Alvarez-Cisneros 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The most abundant Orthoptera in Mexico is a small grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens) which is considered a food source with increased nutritional value due to its high protein content. Insect proteins have gained relevance because of their high potential as gelling, texturing, and extender agents in the food industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting meat with a soluble protein extract from grasshopper obtained by alkalisation or alkalisation-piezoelectric ultrasound, on the techno-functional, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of cooked meat models (sausages). The soluble protein was extracted in NaHCO3 pH 8 and a piezoelectric ultrasound 5-mm sonotrode at 20 kHz with 99% amplitude. Different formulations with meat substitution: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% were prepared and characterised for their rheological behaviour, emulsion stability, weight loss by cooking, total protein content, colour, and texture. Sensory evaluation was conducted with consumers using a test involving check-all-that-apply and overall liking. The alkalisation-piezoelectric ultrasound method improved the solubility and the techno-functional properties of the soluble grasshopper protein when applied in sausages at maximum levels of 10% meat substitution. The sensory evaluation indicated that the formulation with 5% meat substitution exhibited the same acceptability as the control sample. Given these results, the soluble protein treated with alkalisation and piezoelectric ultrasound could be used as an extender in meat products.

Physical Properties of the Sr4Al6O12SO4 Ceramic Compound

J.A. Rodríguez-García,E. Rocha-Rangel,J. López Hernández,C.A. Hernández Bocanegra,A.L. Leal Cruz,J.M. Almanza Robles,J. Torres Torres 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.11

The Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was synthesized by a solid state reaction starting from stoichiometric mixtures of 3 : 3 : 1 molar ratio of reactive grade of SrCO3, Al2O3 and SrSO4, respectively. Cylindrical samples were confirmed by uniaxial pressing at 100 MPa and were heat treated at 1400 oC during 4 hrs. Subsequently, the samples were ground and re-conformed in cylindrical shape samples by uniaxial pressing at 300 MPa. The new samples were heat treated at 1400 oC during 24 hrs. This process was done in order to increase density of the samples. The Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was characterized by the study of its physical properties such as: density, micro-hardness, thermal expansion and stability, enthalpy of formation, magnetic properties and electrical conductivity. Experimental results show that the maximum density obtained for the Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was 2.913 grcm−3, with thermal expansion coefficient of 10.12E−06(oC−1); it also presents an enthalpy of 2.3 KJmol-1 and an excellent thermal stability at elevated temperatures in different atmospheres. In addition, the Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound is neither electrically conductive nor magnetic.

Vineyard pruning waste as an alternative carbon source to produce novel biosurfactants by Lactobacillus paracasei

X. Vecino,L. Rodríguez-López,E.J. Gudiña,J.M. Cruz,A.B. Moldes,L.R. Rodrigues 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.55 No.-

Cellulosic sugars extracted from vineyard pruning waste (VPW) were used as a low-cost carbon source for biosurfactant production by Lactobacillus paracasei. The results obtained showed that when glucose from VPW was used, the biosurfactant was a glycolipopeptide, whereas when it was replaced by lactose the biosurfactant produced was a glycoprotein. Additionally, it was found that the extraction process, either with phosphate-buffer or phosphate-buffer saline, influenced the biosurfactant chemical structure and emulsion capacity. Overall, these results highlight the possibility of producing biosurfactants “à la carte” with the same strain but changing the carbon source, increasing its potential in different industrial applications.

Performance Analysis of Coordinated Cognitive Radio Networks under Fixed-Rate Traffic with Hard Delay Constraints

S. Lirio Castellanos-López,Felipe A. Cruz-Pérez,Mario E. Rivero-Ángeles,Genaro Hernández-Valdez 한국통신학회 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.2

Due to the unpredictable nature of channel availability,carrying delay-sensitive traffic in cognitive radio networks (CRNs)is very challenging. Spectrum leasing of radio resources has beenproposed in the so called coordinated CRNs to improve the qualityof service (QoS) experienced by secondary users (SUs). In this paper,the performance of coordinated CRNs under fixed-rate withhard-delay-constraints traffic is analyzed. For the adequate andfair performance comparison, call admission control strategieswith fractional channel reservation to prioritize ongoing secondarycalls over new ones are considered. Maximum Erlang capacity isobtained by optimizing the number of reserved channels. Numericalresults reveal that system performance strongly depends on thevalue of the mean secondary service time relative to the mean primaryservice time. Additionally, numerical results show that, inCRNs without spectrum leasing, there exists a critical utilizationfactor of the primary resources from which it is not longer possibleto guarantee the required QoS of SUs and, therefore, services withhard delay constraints cannot be even supported in CRNs. Thus,spectrum leasing can be essential for CRN operators to providethe QoS demanded by fixed-rate applications with hard delay constraints. Finally, the cost per capacity Erlang as function of boththe utilization factor of the primary resources and the maximumallowed number of simultaneously rented channels is evaluated.

The effect of Sn on the electronic state of M/γ-Al₂O₃(M = Pd, Pt) catalysts and the influence in the catalytic combustion of methane

Grisel Corro,O. Vázquez-Cuchillo,F. Bañuelos,A. Cruz-López,J.L.G. Fierro 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.6

Pd-Sn and Pt-Sn catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 were prepared by co-precipitation and the Pt characterized dispersion of reduced samples was determined by H2 chemisorption for Pt and Pt-Sn catalysts, The Pd dispersion was determined by CO adsorption on Pd and Pd-Sn catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by the electron binding energy values determined by XPS. The results are explained on the basis of the Pt and Pd species electron binding energy changes due to the electronic properties of Sn. The catalytic activity in methane oxidation under lean burn conditions was measured. The results reveal that the tin addition causes a change in the catalytic activity of the supported catalysts, showing a greater catalytic activity on the CH4-O2 reaction for the bimetallic Pd-Sn/ γ-Al2O3. Pd-Sn and Pt-Sn catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 were prepared by co-precipitation and the Pt characterized dispersion of reduced samples was determined by H2 chemisorption for Pt and Pt-Sn catalysts, The Pd dispersion was determined by CO adsorption on Pd and Pd-Sn catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by the electron binding energy values determined by XPS. The results are explained on the basis of the Pt and Pd species electron binding energy changes due to the electronic properties of Sn. The catalytic activity in methane oxidation under lean burn conditions was measured. The results reveal that the tin addition causes a change in the catalytic activity of the supported catalysts, showing a greater catalytic activity on the CH4-O2 reaction for the bimetallic Pd-Sn/ γ-Al2O3.

Enzymatic browning and genome-wide polyphenol oxidase gene identification in three contrasting avocado accessions

Higuera-Rubio Jesús M.,Ibarra-Laclette Enrique,Reyes-López Miguel A.,Sandoval-Castro Eduardo,Cruz-Mendívil Abraham,Vega-García Misael O.,Calderón-Vázquez Carlos L. 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.4

This study aims to disentangle avocado enzymatic browning by identifying and analyzing the PPO coding genes. Two avocado accessions (AVO48 and San Miguel) and the Hass cultivar with contrasting browning kinetics and enzyme activity levels were selected for gene characterization. Upon 90 min of light exposure, Hass and San Miguel showed a greater decrease in luminosity retention (closer to 40% of initial luminosity) compared to AVO48 (85% of luminosity). PPO activity in crude extracts was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in San Miguel (696 U μg-1 protein) than Hass (174 U μg-1 protein) and AVO48 (46–56 U μg-1 protein). San Miguel showed a higher Vmax Km-1 ratio (20.88 min-1), followed by Hass (14.29 min-1) and AVO48 (1.64 min-1), suggesting that San Miguel and Hass have higher substrate affinity. Four PPO coding genes: PamPPO1, PamPPO2, PamPPO3 and PamPPO4 were identified in the Hass genome, all of them containing the main features of plant PPOs, but with specific amino acid combinations in the catalytic pocket of the tyrosinase domain; suggesting that PPO1, PPO2 and PPO4 have monophenolase activity, whereas PPO3, has o-diphenolase activity. The evidence of transcription of PPO3 in fruit of the three genotypes suggests an important role for this gene in avocado pulp browning. PPO2 expression was only found in AVO48. This research provides gene candidates for selective silencing to reduce enzymatic browning.